管道曲面构件自动铺丝路径规划

提出了一种基于管道曲面广义螺旋线的铺丝路径生成算法,把芯模曲面的铺丝路径规划问题转化为求解该曲面上的广义螺旋线。利用管道曲面广义螺旋线算法,通过求解初值问题的一阶常微分方程组就可得到精确的位于芯模面上的铺丝路径。该算法具体计算可以利用功能强大的计算软件Matlab中的ODE45函数,该函数是基于自适应的4-5阶龙格-库塔算法,因而可构造具有相对误差以及绝对误差的控制机制的铺丝路径。经过算例验证,该算法操作简单,精度能够满足铺丝技术工艺要求。     

利用分段G2 插值方法构造铺丝路径

提出了复合材料铺丝路径的规划方法,其中铺丝基准路线是通过对给定数据点的切方向及曲率向量或测地曲率值,G2连续地插值曲面上点列的方法得到。利用正则参数曲面上一点的切空间与其参数平面对应点的切空间同构原理。将曲面上曲线的插值问题转化为其参数平面上类似的曲线插值问题。该方法能够用显式方程来表示曲面上的G2连续插值曲线。由于引入了若干控制参数,可对曲线进行局部或整体的交互修改。利用该方法进行铺丝路径规划可以反映芯模面的曲率信息,改变纤维的局部走向,使其最终的结果更好地满足丝束铺放要求和构件几何性能的要求。实验证明该方法简单可行,还可用于计算机辅助设计、计算机图形学等领域。     

复合材料铺丝成型中的路径规划

针对复合材料自动铺丝路径规划问题,提出了一种新的基于正交投影的铺丝路径生成算法.首先根据铺丝意图设计空间曲线,然后正交投影到铺丝面上,利用经典的微分几何方法建立特征投影曲线的微分方程,用数值方法求解得到铺丝面上数据点,并用B样条曲线拟合这些点即是铺丝参考线,再对其进行等距得到一条铺丝路径,进而得到所有路径.经过算例进行验证,该算法能实现任意方向的纤维铺放,满足铺丝技术工艺要求.应用本文的研究成果,在CATIA利用CAA中完成了自由曲面的铺丝路径仿真.     

复合材料自动铺带技术研究——曲面铺带轨迹算法

为满足自动铺带成型工艺要求,在自由曲面上规划预浸带轨迹。采用三角形网格划分逼近自由曲面方法,将商业CAD软件导出曲面的表面三角化数据格式（STL）文件用于曲面分析,对网格信息重构,建立点、边、面之间的关联信息。算法中应用“自然路径”原理在曲面上规划预浸带轨迹,研究了曲面边界处轨迹计算问题,提出了过三角形顶点出现“奇异性”问题的解决方法。通过在曲面上求解预浸带轨迹,证明了该算法的可行性。     

复合材料自动铺带技术研究(Ⅱ)——柱面上沿"自然路径"铺带的压辊坐标生成

根据可展曲面上“自然路径”与测地线等价原理,应用沿弧长展开方法,研究了柱面上“自然路径”轨迹生成、铺带头轨迹坐标和姿态坐标计算模型与方法,讨论了简单边界的处理原则与方法,为实现柱面自动铺带CAD/CAM提供了依据。     

反求工程中曲面拟合的参数化

文章通过给出了一张曲面片上的四条边界曲线和一批散乱点，提出了给这些点赋予参数的方法，这一算法通过采用多种基面曲，向基曲面上投影这些散乱点的方法，找到这些点基于基曲面参数定义的参数，为了加快耗时的投影过程也提出了几种技术，还介绍了一种简化方法，选取这批点的一部分，在需要更快处理速度时，这些点可以作为样本，这种简化是基于基曲面的几何性质，并且取决于一定的几何容差。     

复合材料自动铺带技术研究(Ⅱ)——柱面上沿"自然路径"铺带的压辊坐标生成

根据可展曲面上“自然路径”与测地线等价原理，应用沿弧长展开方法，研究了柱面上“自然路径”轨迹生成、铺带头轨迹坐标和姿态坐标计算模型与方法，讨论了简单边界的处理原则与方法，为实现柱面自动铺带CAD／CAM提供了依据。     

基于树脂基复合材料自动铺丝工艺的轨迹设计技术探讨

针对树脂基纤维增强复合材料自动铺丝过程中出现的纤维褶皱、分层等工艺缺陷,着重探讨不同轨迹设计方法(固定角、测地线、变曲率)在抑制工艺缺陷上的优劣。对不同轨迹规划方法进行了比较,最终给出针对不同曲面特征、不同铺丝工艺要求的轨迹设计方法。     

复合材料自动铺丝路径生成技术研究

基于自主研制的七自由度铺丝机,研究具有芯模的封闭构件自动铺丝路径规划技术,设计了通用的铺丝路径生成算法,可生成任意角度的铺丝路径。     

铺放压力和铺放压辊对丝束铺放质量影响的研究

探讨了规则形和不规则形空间曲面产生铺丝轨迹线的方法,借助有限元的自由网格划分技术,在CAE环境下产生曲面的规则网格划分,提取节点位置信息顺序建立铺丝轨迹线。在铺丝轨迹基础上,导出了筒形件的理论铺丝间隙,采用非线性接触有限元技术模拟了铺丝压辊与筒形件模具力学模型,得到最佳铺丝压力与铺丝参数之间的变化规律,通过调节铺丝参数使丝束与模具表面完全贴合,为提高铺丝质量与精度奠定了基础。     

规则回转体自动铺丝轨迹规划与丝束增减

为满足自动铺丝轨迹的满铺覆性要求，针对现阶段自动铺丝轨迹规划存在的不足，提出了不同的丝束增减算法。首先讨论纤维铺放方向的确定和中心轨迹数量的计算，设计不同铺放方向轨迹的生成算法。然后以丝束重叠系数为重要参数，对于纤维局部堆积和空缺问题提出单侧纤维裁剪算法和双侧纤维裁剪算法，并对裁剪后的重叠区域和间隙区域进行面积求解，使得纤维丝束均匀覆于芯模表面。最后基于CATIA CAA二次开发平台，将上述算法集成到纤维铺放CAD系统中，通过运动仿真系统验证算法的正确性。利用提出的丝束增减算法，实现了间隙/重叠区的均匀分布，尽量降低了富树脂区等相关缺陷的聚集对性能的不良影响。     

Dual Drive Curve Tool Path Planning Method for 5-axis NC Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

The problem of finished surface being not first-order continuous commonly exists in machining sculptured surfaces with a torus cutter and some other types of cutters. To solve this problem, a dual drive curve tool path planning method is proposed in this article. First, the maximum machining strip width of a whole tool path can be obtained through optimizing each tool position with multi-point machining (MPM) method. Second, two drive curves are then determined according to the obtained maximum machining strip width. Finally, the tool is positioned once more along the dual drive curve under the condition of tool path smoothness. A computer simulation and cutting experiments are carried out to testify the performance of the new method. The machined surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to examine the machining quality. The results obtained show that this method can effectively eliminate sharp scallops between adjacent tool paths, keep tool paths smooth, and improve the surface machining quality as well as machining efficiency.     

一种机器人砂带磨削的路径规划方法(英文)

机器人砂带磨削系统具有弹性接触和宽行加工两个显著优点,被广泛应用在具有复杂工件的终加工领域,提高表面质量和加工效率。有关在曲率约束下的磨削路径规划研究较为少见。由于工件与接触轮之间存在复杂的弹性接触,因此,机器人磨削路径可以利用接触运动学的一般方法来求解。机器人砂带磨削过程且需要满足一般的砂带磨削工艺要求,其中最重要的是保证接触轮与工件的局部几何特征贴合。在曲率较小的局部,相邻刀位点的弧长加大,以保证加工效率。相反地,在曲率较大的局部,相邻刀位点的弧长较小,以保证加工精度。利用一系列平面与目标曲面相截,得到相应的截平面的轮廓曲线。对于任意一条轮廓线,优化相邻刀位点之间的弧长,在曲率较大的局部增加一个中间刀位点。本文提出了一种包含弧长优化和主曲率匹配的磨削路径生产方法,通过离线仿真验证了有效性,并利用该方法提高了曲面的磨削质量。该路径规划方法为生成光顺且精确的机器人曲面磨削路径提供了理论依据。     

Elliptical model for surface topography prediction in five-axis flank milling

In five-axis flank milling operations, the intersecting surfaces of different cutting edges create roughness on the milled surfaces that cannot be ignored in situations with strict requirements, especially in aeronautical manufacturing. To focus on motion problems in milling operations, this paper presents a new model that utilizes elliptical paths as cutting edge trajectories on 3D surface topography machined by peripheral milling. First, the cutter parallel axis offset and location angle are considered, which change the location of the ellipse center and intersection point of the cutting edges. Then, through the proposed model, the predicted surface topography is obtained, and the factors that affect the development tendency of roughness are analyzed. Next, the effects of the cutter location position (CLP) geometric parameters, cutter parallel axis offset and curvature on the roughness are evaluated by a numerical simulation. Finally, machining tests are carried out to validate the model predictions, and the results show that the surface topography predictions correspond well with the experimental results.     

开孔曲面自动铺放轨迹规划算法研究

为解决开孔曲面自动铺放轨迹规划问题,提出在前处理中将孔边界内外的曲面接合成完整曲面的方法,采用STL文件提取网格化曲面信息并重构开孔曲面拓扑,按照设定算法获得“连续”的铺放轨迹后,再按孔边对轨迹点进行信息整理得到后置处理所需的最终铺放轨迹点信息.研究了迭代法和投影法在轨迹线与孔边界交点的求取方法,综合比较2种算法的效率和精度后,发现投影法更适于开孔曲面的轨迹规划.根据上述算法,编写了基于VC++ 6.0平台的轨迹规划程序,以整体复合材料前机身为例进行算法验证,证明了提出的开孔曲面自动铺放轨迹规划算法的合理性和正确性.     

基于弧长参数的开边自由曲面构件上纤维均匀覆盖(英文)

This article uses arc-length parameters for path planning to carry out robotic fibre placement （RFP） over open-contoured structures This allows representing the initial path and offset points using an identical mathematical equation and computation by more simple arithmetic. With the help of classical differential geometry, the calculation of fiber-placing paths may be reduced to solution of initial-value problems of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain （parametrically defined mould surface） or in 3D space （an implicitly defined mould surface）, thereby significantly improving on the existing methods. Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed method, besides its computational simplicity, has a better error control mechanism in computing the initial path and offset points. Numerical experiments are also carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the new method in composite forming processes and also its potential application in computer numerical control （CNC） machining, surface trim, and other industrial practices.     

Positioning method of a cylindrical cutter for ruled surface machining based on minimizing one-sided Hausdorff distance

Motivated by the definition of the machining errors induced by tool path planning methods, a mapping curve of the tool axis of a cylindrical cutter is constructed on the tool surface.The mapping curve is a typical one that can be used to express the closeness between the tool surface and the surface to be machined. A novel tool path planning method is proposed for flank or plunge milling ruled surfaces based on the minimization of the one-sided Hausdorff distance(HD) from the mapping curve to the surface to be machined. It is a nonlinear optimization problem in best uniform approximation(BUA) or Chebyshev sense. A mathematical programming model for computing the minimum one-sided HD is proposed. The linearization method of the programming model is provided and the final optimal solutions are obtained by simplex method. The effectiveness of the proposed BUA method is verified by two numerical examples and compared with the least squares(LS) and double point offset(DPO) methods. The variation in tool orientation induced by the optimization of the tool positions is also evaluated.     

一种用NURBS表示的过渡曲面的生成方法

讨论在两参数曲面上生成显式定义的参数过渡曲面问题。提出了一种围绕两曲面的交线,采用参数化平面与曲面之一的等距面求交,寻找两曲面的等距点,以产生变半径过渡曲面的方法;过渡曲面本身为2次×3次NURBS曲面,充分利用了NURBS曲线可精确表示圆弧曲线的特点,并使得可用统一的算法对过渡曲面进行各种处理。     

Effect of variable-angle trajectory structure on mechanical performance of CF/PEEK laminates made by robotic fiber placement

In comparison to the traditional fixed-angle trajectory, the variable-angle trajectory has a greater design space. However, it is a challenge to determine which common design curve structure is the most effective for improving mechanical performance. This work explores the effects of various design curves such as fixed-angle curve, linear curve, arc curve, sine curve, Bezier curve, and cubic polynomial curve trajectories on mechanical performance of laminates, including vibration modal performance and buckling performance. Genetic algorithm and improved NSGA-II algorithm are then used to optimize various curve structures. The results are confirmed utilizing thermoplastic Carbon Fiber (CF)/Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) laminates made by robotic fiber placement experiments. The relationship model between different mechanical performance and curve design variables is established. The optimization of variable-angle structure with mechanical properties as input variables is achieved. Meanwhile, a full-process angle-variable laying software platform from trajectory planning (CAD), trajectory optimization to manufacturing (CAM) is developed for facilitating the fiber placement application.