超燃冲压发动机不同燃烧室结构流场数值模拟

对带不同长深比凹腔结构（燃烧室）的二维超燃冲压发动机流场进行数值模拟,采用迎风二阶精度NND格式求解二维欧拉方程,对流场进行冷态数值计算,能够更加清楚地捕捉、分析激波的特点,反映流场的状态和旋流特点;结果证明凹腔可以使流场中形成低速高压回流区,以达到燃料混合燃烧的目的。凹腔长深比对流场特性、总压恢复、燃烧室阻力影响显著。随着长深比的越大,凹腔旋流强度越强,总压损失越大,燃烧室阻力越大。     

带凹腔的超声速燃烧室燃烧流场数值模拟

对带凹腔结构的燃烧室二维甲烷燃烧流场进行了数值模拟.采用迎风3阶精度MUSCL格式求解二维含组分守恒N-S方程,湍流模型采用剪切修正的RNG k-e湍流模型,分别分析了凹腔不同的长深比和导流槽结构对燃料燃烧的影响;对喷甲烷燃烧工况进行了计算研究.结果表明:凹腔可以提高燃烧效率,却使总压恢复系数降低;凹腔的长深比越高,燃烧效率越高,总压恢复系数越低;在总压恢复系数较高的情况下,采用导流槽可进一步提高燃烧效率.     

冲压燃烧室内的燃料扩散性能研究

应用含组分守恒方程的质量平均Navier-Stokes方程和B-L代数湍流模型,本文数值模拟了带支板引射器的模型燃烧室内部的流场结构,对比研究了支板引射器数量以及燃料注入角度对燃料混合性能的影响.在计算过程中,对方程中的对流项采用了空间为二阶精度的TVD和AUSMPW格式,扩散项则采用了二阶中心差分离散.采用流体力学时间步内的当地积分法克服了非平衡源项的刚性问题,保持了LU-SSOR隐式算法的高效率.研究结果表明,燃料有角度注入及采用多支板构型可提高燃料的混合性能.     

凹腔结构对超声速燃烧室中横向燃料喷流流动与燃烧的影响

在超声速燃烧室的壁面上安装具有不同长深比、深度以及后壁倾角的凹腔,在凹腔上游壁面横向喷注燃料射流。分别利用掺有丙酮蒸气的氦气和氢气模拟不燃烧和燃烧两种情况下的横向燃料喷流,利用平面激光诱导荧光技术分别对流场中不同截面上的丙酮和氢氧基进行成像,同时对不燃烧情况下的喷流流场进行了数值仿真。研究发现:凹腔结构主要通过影响由凹腔后壁高压区向凹腔前壁传播高压扰动的行为来影响凹腔内部的静压分布,从而影响燃料的流动过程;凹腔长深比减小、深度或后壁倾角增大都有助于高压扰动的前传,导致燃料不易向凹腔内部偏转以及进入凹腔的燃料质量减少;凹腔长深比和深度的增加可增大凹腔内低速回流区的范围,有助于增强凹腔内部的燃烧以及火焰稳定能力;凹腔后壁倾角对燃料燃烧的影响不显著。     

燃料引射方式对超燃冲压燃烧室混合及燃烧效率的影响

应用含组分守恒方程的质量平均Navier Stokes方程和B L代数湍流模型,数值模拟了后台阶构型燃烧室在采用台阶上游支板引射和壁面垂直引射燃料时的内部流场。在计算过程中,对方程的对流项采用空间为二阶精度的TVD格式,扩散项则采用二阶中心差分离散。通过流场计算,对比研究了引射方式对燃料混合性能的影响。结果表明,台阶上游的支板在燃烧室的流场中产生了一对相对稳定的大尺度轴向旋涡,该旋涡不利于燃料的混合。采用壁面垂直引射时,在喷嘴下游的燃料流场中产生了小尺度轴向旋涡,该旋涡是提高燃料混合及燃烧效率的关键。     

凹腔几何构型和来流马赫数对部分覆盖型凹腔流动的影响

为了研究覆盖板长度、凹腔深度、凹腔长深比和来流马赫数对部分覆盖型凹腔流场的影响,采用二维耦合隐式N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,对部分覆盖型凹腔的流场进行了数值仿真。发现覆盖板长度对自由来流没有明显影响;长深比是影响不同深度凹腔的覆盖区质量交换的主要因素;覆盖区质量交换随着长深比增大而减少;来流马赫数增加,凹腔覆盖区的质量交换下降;与大长深比凹腔相比,小长深比凹腔的覆盖区质量交换受长深比和来流马赫数影响更加明显。     

三维超声速燃烧室凹腔构型的优化设计及参数分析

凹腔构型对超声速燃烧室的燃烧效率、阻力特性、火焰稳定等性能都有重要的影响,且凹腔构型各参数变化产生的影响存在复杂的耦合作用。因此,针对横向喷射燃料的三维超声速燃烧室凹腔构型进行了基于代理模型的优化设计及参数分析研究。首先对凹腔的长度、深度和后壁倾角进行正交试验设计,数值仿真用以对凹腔燃烧室进行流场与性能分析,建立燃烧室燃烧效率和总压恢复系数与设计变量间的代理模型,根据基于替代模型的复杂系统优化策略,采用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对凹腔构型进行二次优化设计,得到Pareto前沿面。结果分析表明,优化凹腔构型可分为窄深型、浅长型和中深中长型,分别对应Pareto前沿面的急变段、平缓段和巨变段;凹腔燃烧室的燃烧效率与凹腔长度呈负相关,与凹腔深度呈正相关,总压恢复系数反之;后壁倾角对总压恢复系数和燃烧效率影响均较小。平缓区的燃烧室压力幅度变化小且总压恢复系数高,其长深比在2.67~8,在不需要极高的燃烧效率情况下,可以优先选择平缓区凹腔构型。     

超燃冲压发动机多凹腔燃烧室混合与燃烧性能定量分析

为从定量上研究超燃冲压发动机多凹腔燃烧室对增强混合、燃烧的影响,用大涡模拟方法和火焰面模型对燃料当量比为0.062的流场进行数值模拟。比较了不同多凹腔构型对混合效率、燃烧效率和总压损失的影响,并结合壁面压力分布、数值纹影解释了其原因。结果表明,凹腔串联、凹腔并联均能增强混合,混合效率最大可提高20.95%和9.52%;凹腔串联、凹腔并联均能增强燃烧,燃烧效率最大可提高14%和16.94%;燃烧时凹腔串联总压损失最小,但凹腔并联燃烧放热最快,对缩短燃烧室长度有利。     

凹腔火焰稳定器阻力特性的实验研究

在超燃冲压发动机直连式实验中,模拟马赫数1.92、静温509K、静压86.6kPa来流,采用等截面燃烧室构型,利用推力测量系统对不同结构尺寸的开式凹腔火焰稳定器的冷流阻力和热试阻力进行了研究。通过对深度分别为10,15,20mm,长深比4~10,后壁倾斜角18°~60°的凹腔火焰稳定器的冷流阻力比较,实验表明凹腔火焰稳定器的冷流阻力与凹腔深度成正比;也与凹腔长深比成正比;并随后壁倾斜角的增大先减小后增大,在30°~60°范围内应存在一个角度使得冷流阻力最小。实验还以氢气为燃料,利用火花塞点火器进行点火,在燃烧模态下对不同喷注位置、不同当量比时的凹腔火焰稳定器阻力特性进行了对比,结果表明凹腔火焰稳定器的热试阻力比冷流阻力小,且受燃料喷注方式的影响较大;在实际超燃冲压发动机工况下,凹腔火焰稳定器的阻力随着当量比的增加而减小,并最终会表现为正推力。     

超声速混合层凹腔隔板的自激振动特性实验研究

为了克服强迫振动诱导混合增强难以工程实现的缺陷,提出隔板自激振动诱导混合增强的新技术,而设计最优自激振动频率的隔板是该技术的难题。采用平板开凹腔的隔板构型,通过实验手段并结合数值仿真,分析了凹腔隔板的自激振动特性。研究表明,凹腔的声学自激振荡引起压力随时间的波动是隔板自激振动的直接原因;隔板的约束条件与凹腔的构型参数长深比、后缘倾角对自激振动特性有重要影响;自激振动频率与限位尺寸呈反相关,当限位尺寸为0时,频率提高了324.63%;与凹腔长深比K=1时相比,K=7的频率降低了19.36%。自激振动频率与后缘倾角呈正相关,后缘倾角为90°时,频率提高了23.15%。改变约束条件可大幅提高自激振动频率,是隔板优化设计的一个重要方向。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

直升机起落架的集成计算

直升机起落架常规计算包括停机状态计算及减缩质量计算、静态性能计算及主、尾起落架的着陆性能计算.要完成这些计算需要整机及起落架的诸多数据.在研制过程中,为了获得最优的设计,需要对起落架的各参数进行不断调整,对计算结果进行反复分析和比较,计算量较大,数据处理较为繁复耗时.详细阐述如何采用Excel和Matlab对起落架的常规计算进行集成.为完成一种直升机起落架的常规计算,采用该集成方法,编制了2000余行的M代码.在惠普Z800计算机平台下运行,耗时400余秒即可完成所有相关计算.输入输出的数据存储在同一Excel文件,文件中各项参数和计算结果数据可直接用于查阅、校对、分析,也可再编辑.