路径约束的时间最短多脉冲交会全局优化

不同于现有的多脉冲最优交会研究多集中于交会时间固定的最省燃料优化,研究了路径约束和脉冲受限的多脉冲最短时间交会问题。综合考虑了交会测量视场角、脉冲总量和脉冲作用时刻等约束,基于Lam-bert交会算法,建立了多脉冲交会最短时间优化的非线性规划模型。为了高效获得全局最优解,采用了模拟退火算法用于非线性优化问题的求解。最后,通过解决一个寻的三脉冲交会问题验证了模型和算法的有效性。该研究方法可寻找满足特定约束条件的最优交会轨道。     

非合作目标交会的双层MPC全局轨迹规划控制

针对空间非合作目标近距离视线交会中的全局最优鲁棒轨迹规划与控制问题,提出了基于高斯伪谱方法（GPM）和线性时变模型预测控制（LTVMPC）的双层模型预测控制（MPC）算法。在轨迹规划方面,以视线坐标系下的相对轨道动力学为模型、能量最少和控制精度最优为性能指标构建最优控制问题,利用GPM精度高、收敛速度快的特点将最优控制问题转化为易于求解的全局非线性规划问题,在MPC框架下求解得到全局最优的标称轨迹,克服了传统的MPC不适用于全局大范围非线性规划的缺点;在轨迹跟踪控制方面,考虑预测时域内状态转移矩阵的时变特性,设计了LTVMPC算法对标称轨迹进行追踪,避免了存在不确定性时轨迹的重规划,从而降低在线计算量,保证算法在线自主实施,并且采用滚动优化的策略使算法对不确定性具有鲁棒性。由于规划层和控制层考虑的约束相同,因此规划的轨迹是可控、可达的。数字仿真表明,在燃料消耗和交会时间等方面,提出的方法均显著优于传统的MPC方法,相较于传统的MPC方法,新算法的交会时间减少50%左右,燃料消耗降低30%以上。     

Optimal robust linearized impulsive rendezvous

The optimization of time-fixed linearized impulsive rendezvous with control uncertainty is investigated. One performance index related to the variances of the terminal state error is defined as the performance index of robustness which is calculated by linear covariance method. The two-objective optimization problem of minimizing the total characteristic velocity and the performance index of robustness is formulated based on the Clohessy–Wiltshire (C-W) system and solved by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm. The Pareto-optimal solution sets of one homing rendezvous mission are provided and the Pareto optimality is verified by comparing with the fuel-optimal and the robustness-optimal solutions. It is shown that the proposed approach can quickly investigate the relation between the fuel cost and the trajectory robustness, besides evaluate different rendezvous maneuver schemes.     

基于混合粒子群算法的上升段交会弹道快速优化设计

基于梯度搜索的高效性和粒子群搜索的随机性,提出了一种混合粒子群算法,并应用该算法研究了运载火箭上升段交会弹道快速优化设计问题.以运载火箭与目标飞行器在交会时刻的距离最小为目标函数,设计了运载火箭飞行程序,建立了运载火箭上升段交会弹道优化模型,同时分别采用混合粒子群算法、遗传算法和粒子群算法进行求解.仿真结果表明:基于本文算法对运载火箭上升段交会弹道进行优化设计,平均交会位置误差为4.137m,较遗传算法减少了17.940m,平均优化耗时488.922s,较粒子群算法缩短了2342.125s.混合粒子群算法搜索速度较快,收敛精度较高,可用于运载火箭上升段交会弹道的快速优化设计.      

Orbital rendezvous using two-step sliding mode control

The problem of spacecraft rendezvous is studied, using sliding mode control in the presence of the earth's gravitational perturbation. The impulsive solution of Lambert's problem is obtained using the combined equations method to minimize total ΔV via an iterative method, and it is used as the desired trajectory for the rendezvous. In this paper, a two-step sliding mode control method is introduced for solving the rendezvous problem with finite-thrust including unmodeled dynamics.The thrust-coast-thrust type control laws for the system to follow the desired trajectories are represented and resultant trajectories are close enough to the Lambert's orbit with comparable amount of ΔV to the Lambert's impulsive solution. All state variables matched the final boundary conditions reasonably well at the end of maneuver.     

Optimization of multiple-impulse minimum-time rendezvous with impulse constraints using a hybrid genetic algorithm

The minimum-time multiple-impulse rendezvous with impulse constraints is investigated in this paper. Based on the Clohessy–Wiltshire (C–W) equations, an optimization model including several different kinds of impulse constraints such as the maximum impulse magnitude, the total velocity change magnitude and the time of imposing impulse for multiple-impulse minimum-time rendezvous is established. A generalized inverse matrix solution for linear equation is applied to avoid handling the terminal equality constraints. In order to obtain the global solution efficiently, a hybrid optimizer combining the advantages of a floating-coded genetic algorithm and simplex method is employed. A low-earth orbit multiple-impulse rendezvous problem is used as an example. The influence of the number of impulses, the optimization variables and the constraints on the solution is analyzed, and the different optimization algorithms are compared. Results indicate our proposed model and approach is effective in designing linearized minimum-time rendezvous trajectory with impulse constraints.     

交会接近轨迹的闭环斜滑控制算法研究

为了矫正追踪航天器相对接近轨迹的偏离,实现交会轨迹的主动安全控制,在开环斜滑算法的基础上提出了闭环斜滑主动控制方法,包括轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法和终端控制的闭环斜滑算法。利用某近距离交会接近问题,采用MonteCarlo（蒙特卡洛）打靶仿真,分析比较了开环斜滑算法和2种闭环斜滑算法。结果表明,闭环控制终端偏离明显小于开环情况,同时在较短时间内以较小的速度增量实现了终端状态控制,并且轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法控制精度小于终端控制算法。     

航天器交会对接模拟系统逼近过程自抗扰控制

航天器交会对接地面模拟系统用于研究航天器交会对接过程的动力学、导航与控制等方面的相关问题。模拟器通过气浮轴承悬浮在大理石平台上来模拟太空的无摩擦微重力环境。通常情况下要保证大理石平台足够水平,由于实际平台不可能完全水平,模拟器的重力分量会使模拟器产生下滑现象,这种现象对大型地面模拟器设备尤为严重。针对模拟器的逼近过程设计了轨迹规划。为了减小测量信号噪声的影响,采用跟踪微分器(TD)对整个逼近过程中的测量信号进行滤波。针对逼近过程中模拟器存在下滑力等干扰问题设计控制器,通过扩张状态观测器(ESO)实时估计干扰量,进而对干扰量进行补偿。对模拟器冷喷气推力系统制定了推力器分配策略,采用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)技术实现对推力的近似等效。提出的控制方法应用于航天器交会对接地面模拟系统,实验结果表明所提出的控制方法能有效消除下滑力等干扰的影响。     

在轨服务航天器对目标的相对位置和姿态耦合控制

研究在轨服务航天器自主逼近与捕获目标航天器过程中的相对位置和姿态耦合动力学与控制问题.考虑控制输入耦合,建立服务航天器对目标航天器的相对位置和姿态一体化耦合动力学模型.基于此耦合动力学模型,考虑相对位置跟踪中的控制指令耦合和控制输出受限,利用反馈线性化理论,设计相对位置和姿态一体化耦合控制算法.并利用李雅普洛夫理论证明...     

基于正交试验设计的交会远距离导引误差分析

由于测量-规划-执行闭环过程的引入,交会远距离导引段的导航执行误差之间存在交互作用。对一个实际的远距离导引任务,采用正交试验设计方法安排数值试验,通过离差平方和评估误差之间的交互作用。结果表明,影响推进剂消耗的主要误差源之间存在显著的交互作用,而影响终端相对位置速度的主要误差源之间的交互作用很小或不明显。     

基于TH方程的椭圆轨道交会偏差分析

研究了考虑闭环控制偏差的椭圆轨道交会问题。基于推导的状态转移矩阵,采用线性协方差分析方法对交会椭圆轨道目标过程的导航偏差和控制偏差进行了分析,建立了闭环控制状态偏差和协方差的递推模型,给出了一种改善交会制导精度的修正算法。通过蒙特卡洛打靶仿真对线性协方差分析结果进行了验证,结果表明,本文所提出的偏差分析方法和修正算法精度较高,可用于椭圆轨道交会问题的研究。     

轨迹／飞行器总体参数的一体化优化方法研究

基于飞行力学、最优控制理论、最优化方法，采用两种轨迹／飞行器总体参数的一体化优化方法－－静态＋动态一体化优化方法和参数最优化方法，研究载人飞船再入的轨迹／总体参数的优化，并比较了两种一体化优化方法的不同特点。通过数字计算，得到飞船的最优滚转程序、升阻比，再入角和再人终端时间。结果分析表明，两种一体化优化方法有得到较高精度。     

一种应用于弹道导弹控制的朗伯特导引方法

介绍了一种用于与弹道目标会合的三自由度拦截弹仿真,其导引方法可以使拦截弹与弹道目标的位置和速度相匹配,在会合后能够跟随目标运动。该方法采用朗伯特导引,控制在主动段飞行的导弹,使它的弹道与弹道目标的弹道重合。在与弹道目标会合之前,预先设定了一个短暂的末修段,以使拦截弹的速度与弹道目标的速度相匹配。     

基于信息一致性的无人机紧密编队集结控制

提出了基于信息一致性的分段式无人机紧密编队集结控制策略,将集结过程分为3步:参考集结点选取和目标集结点分配、形成松散编队以及形成紧密编队。首先,以线切入预定航线的方式计算参考集结点,按照松散编队队形展开生成目标集结点,并利用基于三维距离空间的优化选择算法,将目标集结点快速、准确地分配给每架无人机。然后,使用速度一致性实现向目标集结点定点集结和向松散编队伴航集结,通过非精确的航迹控制快速形成松散编队,提高编队集结的效率。接下来,启动速度、姿态一致性来实现编队最终的精确航迹控制,并逐步压缩编队队形进入紧密编队,避免发生碰撞,完成从松散编队到紧密编队的平稳过渡,同时准确地跟踪预定航线。使用协同修正方法抑制了测量误差、协同误差和通信延迟,提高了紧密编队的稳定性和控制精度。最后,基于MATLAB平台环境对所提三维集结控制策略进行了仿真,验证了其合理性与有效性。     

Direct Optimization of Low-thrust Many-revolution Earth-orbit Transfers

Low-thrust Earth-orbit transfers with 10^?5-order thrust-to-weight ratios involve a large number of orbital revolutions which poses a real challenge to trajectory optimization. This article develops a direct method to optimize minimum-time low-thrust many-revolution Earth-orbit transfers. A parameterized control law in each orbit, in the form of the true optimal control, is proposed, and the time history of the parameters governing the control law is interpolated through a finite number of nodal values. The orbital averaging method is used to significantly reduce the computational workload and the trajectory optimization is conducted based on the orbital averaging dynamics expressed by nonsingular equinoctial elements. Furthermore, Earth's shadowing and perturbation effects are taken into account. The optimal transfer problem is thus converted to the parameter optimization problem that can be solved by nonlinear programming. Taking advantage of the mapping between the parameterized control law and the Lyapunov control law, a technique is proposed to acquire good initial guesses for optimization variables, which results in enlarged convergence domain of the direct optimization method. Numerical examples of optimal Earth-orbit transfers are presented.     

Optimal trajectory design accounting for the stabilization of linear time-varying error dynamics

This study is dedicated to the development of a direct optimal control-based algorithm for trajectory optimization problems that accounts for the closed-loop stability of the trajectory tracking error dynamics already during the optimization. Consequently, the trajectory is designed such that the Linear Time-Varying(LTV) dynamic system, describing the controller’s error dynamics, is stable, while additionally the desired optimality criterion is optimized and all enforced constraints on the traje...     

基于对偶四元数的航天器相对位置和姿态耦合控制

针对交会对接、在轨服务等航天任务中存在的轨道和姿态动力学耦合问题,突破传统的轨道姿态分而治之模式,利用对偶四元数建立了相对位置和姿态的一体化耦合动力学模型,并分析了模型中存在的轨道和姿态耦合影响.针对此强耦合、非线性系统,基于对偶四元数的李群结构设计了误差PD（Proportional Derivative,比例微分）控制律,采用Lyapunov（李雅普诺夫）方法分析了控制系统的稳定性,并指出其相比传统的轨道和姿态分别控制方法更有优势.仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够一体化控制航天器的相对位置和姿态,相对位置控制精度在0.01m以内,相对姿态控制精度在0.05°以内,这表明所设计的控制器有效可行.     

交会对接寻的段水平双脉冲交会轨道精确求解

基于考虑摄动影响的精确轨道动力学模型,对交会对接寻的段水平双脉冲交会轨道的精确求解方法进行了研究。提出了将控制脉冲的俯仰角近似转化为控制时刻的轨道幅角,从而调整脉冲控制时刻以消除径向速度增量的方法,精确求解首末水平双脉冲的启控时刻;引入导引终点位置偏差的比例控制方法,精确求解水平双脉冲的精确控制量。仿真结果表明,2轮整体迭代可获得首末水平脉冲控制时刻和控制量的精确值,脉冲水平特性达到俯仰角小于1°,导引终点相对位置精度达到10m,验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于地基CEI技术的空间飞行器相对位置测量技术研究

讨论了差分CEI的基本原理,分析了差分CEI的相对位置确定的误差。通过分析得出结论：在CEI基线长度为1000m时,相对角度测量精度可以达到16urad,如果增加基线距离或者结合SBI技术,测量精度会进一步提高,测量精度能够满足交会过程中相对导航、编队卫星相对位置测量、高轨卫星共位等要求。     

High-fidelity trajectory optimization for aeroassisted vehicles using variable order pseudospectral method

In this study, the problem of time-optimal reconnaissance trajectory design for the aeroassisted vehicle is considered. Different from most works reported previously, we explore the feasibility of applying a high-order aeroassisted vehicle dynamic model to plan the optimal flight trajectory such that the gap between the simulated model and the real system can be narrowed. A highly-constrained optimal control model containing six-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics is established. To solve the formulated high-order trajectory planning model, a pipelined optimization strategy is illustrated. This approach is based on the variable order Radau pseudospectral method, indicating that the mesh grid used for discretizing the continuous system experiences several adaption iterations. Utilization of such a strategy can potentially smooth the flight trajectory and improve the algorithm convergence ability. Numerical simulations are reported to demonstrate some key features of the optimized flight trajectory. A number of comparative studies are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the applied method as well as the high-order trajectory planning model.