Neighboring optimal guidance for aeroassisted orbital transfer

A neighboring optimal guidance scheme for a nonlinear dynamic system is devised with stochastic inputs and perfect measurements as applicable to fuel optimal control of an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle. For the deterministic nonlinear dynamic system describing the atmospheric maneuver, a nominal trajectory is determined. Then, taking modeling uncertainties into account, a linear, stochastic, neighboring optimal guidance scheme is devised. Assuming the additive character of the stochastic effects, the optimal trajectory is approximated as the sum of the deterministic nominal trajectory and the stochastic neighboring optimal solution. Numerical results are presented for a typical aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle     

基于HP-RPM的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化

针对含有航路点、禁飞区约束的再入突防轨迹优化问题,提出了基于HP自适应Radau伪谱法(HP-RPM)的分段轨迹优化策略,给出了在含有热流密度、过载、动压、航路点和禁飞区等约束条件下的再入轨迹优化模型;利用HP-RPM对含有再入的最优控制问题进行离散化,将其转为非线性规划问题,并根据航路点所在的位置,对再入轨迹进行分段,以再入滑翔飞行的时间最短为仿真目标函数进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,此方法可以生成一条满足多种约束条件的高精度优化轨迹,并且用时较短。     

基于反预警的反拦截中段规避突防策略

为了充分挖掘多脉冲机动突防的潜力,提高弹道导弹中段机动突防能力,提出一种基于反预警的反拦截中段规避突防策略。首先,分别以脉冲点火点及点火间隔为搜索节点与步长,视敌方拦截系统为威胁源并转化为航迹规划中的约束条件,将多脉冲弹道的设计问题转化成无人机避障航迹的规划问题。然后,在综合考虑敌方探测系统延迟和拦截系统部署及性能的基础上,选取最优的脉冲点火参数。最后,研究了脉冲增量和探测系统延迟对多脉冲规划的影响。仿真结果表明:所提出的突防策略通过多脉冲机动增加敌方预测误差,使其不能收敛与准确预警,当敌方的预测误差收敛且准确预警时,导弹却处于其拦截范围之外,无法进行拦截;能根据获取的最新战场信息,在线下60s内设计出一条多脉冲突防弹道。此外,还能根据任务的需求,提高(降低)导弹的飞行高度、平均飞行速度,缩短(增加)20%~35%的飞行时间。     

航天器轨迹优化的通用数值方法

给出了航天器轨迹优化的一种通用数值仿真方法，该方法是由静态参数优化和动态参数优化构成，其中，静态参数优化采用可变误差多面体算法，动态参数优化采用基于最优控制理论的共轭梯度方法。     

复杂环境下考虑动力学约束的翼伞轨迹规划

翼伞系统具有大惯性、强非线性等特征,而基于传统质点模型所规划的目标轨迹难以满足复杂环境下的系统动力学约束,因此在轨迹规划中采用高自由度动力学模型也就成为了计算翼伞真实运动轨迹的必然趋势。然而,翼伞的动力学模型更加复杂,目前迫切需要解决的问题就是保证规划轨迹平滑、稳定。针对该问题,本文将建立精确的翼伞六自由度动力学模型,将其引入翼伞归航的轨迹规划中,并通过改进高斯伪谱法,设计一种基于分段点规划、离散点初次规划、离散点自重构的三阶轨迹优化策略。仿真结果表明,所提算法可解决传统算法在应用动力学模型后难以得到稳定轨迹的问题,并实现复杂环境下的精确地形规避,确保规划轨迹满足翼伞的非线性动力学约束。     

A homogenization-planning-tracking method to solve cooperative autonomous motion control for heterogeneous carrier dispatch systems

Taxiing aircraft and towed aircraft with drawbar are two typical dispatch modes on the flight deck of aircraft carriers. In this paper, a novel hierarchical solution strategy, named as the Homogenization-Planning-Tracking (HPT) method, to solve cooperative autonomous motion control for heterogeneous carrier dispatch systems is developed. In the homogenization layer, any towed aircraft system involved in the sortie task is abstracted into a virtual taxiing aircraft. This layer transforms the heterogeneous systems into a homogeneous configuration. Then in the planning layer, a centralized optimal control problem is formulated for the homogeneous system. Compared with conducting the path planning directly with the original heterogeneous system, the homogenization layer contributes to reduce the dimension and nonlinearity of the formulated optimal control problem in the planning layer and consequently improves the robustness and efficiency of the solution process. Finally, in the tracking layer, a receding horizon controller is developed to track the reference trajectory obtained in the planning layer. To improve the tracking performance, multi-objective optimization techniques are implemented offline in advance to determine optimal weight parameters used in the tracking layer. Simulations demonstrate that smooth and collision-free cooperative trajectory can be generated efficiently in the planning phase. And robust trajectory tracking can be realized in the presence of external disturbances in the tracking phase. The developed HPT method provides a promising solution to the autonomous deck dispatch for unmanned carrier aircraft in the future.     

基于高斯伪谱法的吸气式高超声速飞行器爬升弹道优化研究

吸气式高超声速飞行器爬升弹道设计是其总体设计的一个重要问题。这里提出一种基于高斯伪谱法的弹道优化方法,用于解决该问题。以末端弹道倾角为性能指标,飞行攻角为设计变量,建立了飞行器纵平面弹道优化模型。通过高斯伪谱法对状态变量和控制变量进行离散,将最优控制问题转化为非线性规划问题,再利用序列二次规划算法对其进一步求解。仿真结果表明,该方法收敛域大,对初值不敏感,设计精度高,是吸气式高超声速飞行器方案弹道优化的重要方法。     

基于速度增量的空间绳系机器人中距离逼近过程最优轨迹规划

针对空间绳系机器人中距离逼近过程最优轨迹规划问题,提出了基于速度增量的多目标逼近轨迹优化方法,优化指标为总速度增量及逼近时间。首先建立逼近过程相对动力学模型及最优逼近轨迹优化模型,然后利用改进型非劣分类遗传算法得到相对逼近距离1.5 km内逼近轨迹的Pareto最优解。仿真结果表明,该方法可以揭示空间绳系机器人逼近距离1.5 km内逼近时间、燃料消耗、相对目标的面内视界角及速度增量次数之间的相互关系,能满足针对不同任务需求提供相应最优轨迹的要求。     

燃料电池无人机能源管理与飞行状态耦合

开展了燃料电池/锂电池（简称燃锂）混合动力无人机的能源管理与飞行状态耦合研究。综合顶层飞行任务规划与底层能源系统管理，以动力系统模型为耦合点联立能源系统与无人机运动方程，建立能源状态与运动状态耦合模型。针对燃锂混合最紧密的爬升过程，以迎角、转速和燃料电池的放电功率作为控制变量，建立了燃料消耗最小的能源管理与航迹规划耦合最优控制问题，研究不同爬升高度对最优控制过程的影响，并与模糊控制能源管理策略进行对比分析。针对大功率短时爬升和小功率长时巡航的典型任务特点，建立了燃锂最优混合问题。研究了最优的锂电池容量和燃料电池功率水平的混合量，以及爬升和巡航两阶段最优功率分配和飞行状态，分析了不同巡航目标高度对最优混合量和飞行状态的影响。结果表明：采用能源与航迹耦合的最优控制策略在给出最优功率流分配的同时，能够很好地兼顾飞行状态控制；对燃锂混合和飞行状态的综合优化可以有效地处理爬升和巡航阶段的能源需求矛盾，在给出最优燃锂混合量和飞行状态的同时，降低整个任务过程的燃料消耗。     

航迹规划中数字地图的设计与应用

针对低空突防中地形因素和敌方威胁的潜在影响,研究了在安全保障前提下,飞行最小危险曲面（ＳＯＭＲ）及该曲面拟合与数字地图生成的方法,并通过坐标变换将飞行器的运动方程变换到该曲面上,从而将地形和威胁因素引入飞行器运动方程,运用极小值原理,提出了飞行时间－地形遮蔽最优ＴＦ／ＴＡ＾２轨迹性能指标。给出了地形数据库加载模型,并完成了将高程数据库加载到航迹规划中的仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅能紧密跟随地形,     

Real-time trajectory planning for UCAV air-to-surface attack using inverse dynamics optimization method and receding horizon control

This paper presents a computationally efficient real-time trajectory planning framework for typical unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) performing autonomous air-to-surface (A/S) attack. It combines the benefits of inverse dynamics optimization method and receding horizon optimal control technique. Firstly, the ground attack trajectory planning problem is mathematically formulated as a receding horizon optimal control problem (RHC-OCP). In particular, an approximate elliptic launch acceptable region (LAR) model is proposed to model the critical weapon delivery constraints. Secondly, a planning algorithm based on inverse dynamics optimization, which has high computational efficiency and good convergence properties, is developed to solve the RHCOCP in real-time. Thirdly, in order to improve robustness and adaptivity in a dynamic and uncer- tain environment, a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) receding horizon control architecture is introduced and a regular real-time update strategy is proposed as well, and the real-time feedback can be achieved and the not-converged situations can be handled. Finally, numerical simulations demon- strate the efficiency of this framework, and the results also show that the presented technique is well suited for real-time implementation in dynamic and uncertain environment.     

多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法

提出了一种多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法。首先,在纵向平面内规划满足航程与终端约束的纵向标称轨迹。随后,在采用轨迹跟踪律跟踪纵向标称轨迹的同时,运用考虑初始横侧向状态的多边界航向偏差角走廊策略控制飞行器的横侧向机动,以满足到达时间约束与终端约束,进而实现单枚飞行器到达时间约束下的轨迹规划。在此基础上,完成了飞行器的到达时间分布与飞行能力分析,给出了最小与最大到达时间的分析计算方法,并根据多飞行器协同再入的任务需求完成了协同飞行时间决策。最后,多飞行器协同再入与扰动条件下的仿真结果表明,该方法能够规划出满足到达时间与终端约束的协同再入轨迹,具备良好的计算精度与鲁棒性。     

TSTO运载器一级返场轨迹优化设计与在线生成

对水平起降两级入轨（TSTO）运载器一子级返场轨迹优化和轨迹在线生成问题进行了研究。首先，给出了较独特的一子级再入轨迹设计策略：先给定侧向剖面，再分段优化求解三维轨迹。针对返场过程的大幅转向需求，设计了形式简单的倾侧角-航向角偏差剖面，并定义了具有不同任务的航向转弯段和航向微调段；针对一子级宽速域气动变化显著特点，为避免轨迹跳跃，定义了增高减速段和下降滑翔段，并采用分段优化策略求解三维轨迹。其次，针对分离扰动造成的一子级初始状态偏差，扩展了自适应高维伪谱插值（AMPI）算法的参数空间，并将其应用于返场轨迹在线生成问题。仿真结果表明，设计的倾侧角剖面能够在倾侧角不翻转的前提下调整飞行航向对准着陆场，设计的分段优化策略能够保证高度曲线平稳无跳跃，采用的自适应高维伪谱插值算法能够在分离扰动影响下快速准确地实现在线轨迹生成。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器摆动式机动突防弹道设计

 为提高大升阻比高超声速滑翔飞行器机动突防能力,提出了一种侧向摆动式机动弹道的设计方法。基于动态逆的思想,建立了侧向摆动式机动弹道的弹道形式和所需倾侧角间的关系模型;在平衡滑翔假设下,将包括动压、过载和热流在内的飞行约束转化为迎角约束,从而确定了迎角-速度飞行走廊;在此基础上,设计了平衡滑翔情况下满足侧向摆动式机动及飞行约束所需的迎角变化规律。根据所设计的迎角和倾侧角,即可实现平衡滑翔情况下预定机动模式的侧向机动。以HTV(Hypersonic Technology Vehicle)为例进行仿真分析,结果表明该方法能够快速设计出预定机动幅度和机动频率的侧向摆动式机动突防弹道。     

多滑翔飞行器时间协同轨迹快速规划

从高超声速飞行器集群"探测-打击-评估"一体化任务需求出发,针对多滑翔飞行器时间协同再入轨迹规划问题进行研究,提出集群再入的协同形式及轨迹规划方案,基于改进序列凸化算法解决了再入总飞行时间的精确控制问题,从而实现滑翔段时间协同。首先,给出了滑翔飞行器集群的协同策略,将求解模型转化为协同时间的确定、协同时间约束下的轨迹规划子问题。将模型中的时间项误差等加入罚函数,提高了协同轨迹求解可行性。引入飞行路径角预设剖面作为软约束,并通过罚函数与信赖域自适应调整,以避免轨迹求解时的振荡问题,提高了序列凸化算法的收敛性。以CAV-H飞行器模型为例验证了算法的有效性,仿真结果表明,所提算法对初值的敏感性低,求解得到的再入总时间可调范围与伪谱法一致,轨迹规划结果的平滑性及计算时间均优于伪谱法。     

基于Gauss伪谱法的UCAV对地攻击武器投放轨迹规划

研究无人作战飞机(UCAV)在对地攻击阶段的武器投放轨迹规划问题.针对传统方法在处理复杂的飞行器运动学、动力学约束上存在的困难,提出了一种基于Gauss伪谱法(GPM)的求解策略.首先,为了最大程度地逼近实际飞行环境,对UCAV的气动力特性、发动机推力特性、油耗特性及大气环境特性进行了高精度拟合,并充分考虑了飞行器各种...     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

飞行器体系优化设计问题

针对传统的飞行器设计与体系（SOS）设计相互独立造成的飞行器实际作战效能不足的问题,对同时考虑飞行器与体系耦合设计的飞行器体系优化设计问题展开研究。首先,根据体系工程（SOSE）原理给出了耦合飞行器设计与体系结构设计的飞行器体系优化设计问题的基本概念与通用数学定义;其次,基于多层体系架构,构建了飞行器体系设计优化模型,提出了包含问题定义、体系架构建模、学科建模、优化求解4个步骤的通用建模求解流程;最后,以巡飞/精确打击武器协同作战为例,构建了面向任务成本最低、时间最短的协同作战体系最优化问题并对其进行优化求解。与先设计飞行器后设计体系结构的解耦设计结果对比表明,解耦优化设计忽略了体系结构与飞行器的强耦合特征,无法最优化体系效能;耦合优化设计能够获得体系效能最大化的飞行器设计方案。     

High-precision shape approximation low-thrust trajectory optimization method satisfying bi-objective index

The shape approximation method has been proven to be rapid and practicable in resolving low-thrust trajectory; however, it still faces the challenges of large deviation from the optimal solution and inability to satisfy the specific flight time and fuel mass constraints. In this paper, a modified shape approximation low-thrust model is presented, and a novel constrained optimization algorithm is developed to solve this problem. The proposed method aims at settling the bi-objective optimization o...     

吸气式重复使用运载器弹道仿真研究

在对国内外吸气式可重复运载器的发展现状进行了分析后,建立了吸气式重复使用运载器动力学模型、地球模型以及大气模型等数学模型;建立了空天飞行器的弹道仿真系统。并以某吸气式重复使用运载器为研究对象,利用MATLAB编写程序,进行了飞行弹道的模拟仿真。仿真试验表明,计算方法及相应的仿真系统是合理可行的,可应用于吸气式重复使用运载器可行性的评价。