自主可控技术在试验任务领域的应用研究

试验信息系统是航天发射和科研试验任务的关键支撑,需要走自主可控的道路。基于此,首先说明了试验信息系统的自主可控现状,并从多方面分析了面临的主要安全威胁。基于自主可控技术发展水平及发展现状分析了推进自主可控的可行性,再分别从网络设备、计算机设备、存储设备、操作系统、数据库等基础软件、安全防护设备、核心器件等方面提出了自主可控技术应用策略,并相应提出自主可控的应用软件研制策略。最后针对推进自主可控的风险进行了深入分析,提出了具体的应对措施。经过多个典型系统应用表明,基于国产品牌硬件设备和自主基础软件平台,经过一定的适配和系统定制,能够满足试验任务强实时、高可靠性要求。     

具有非匹配不确定性相似组合系统的分散鲁棒控制

针对一类具有非匹配不确定性的相似组合系统,基于块控原理,提出了一种变结构控制设计方法.不确定项存在于各子系统的互联项中,可以是非线性或时变的,不满足匹配条件,但有界;利用反演设计方法来处理系统中的非匹配不确定性,再用变结构控制方法来改善系统的性能;然后利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了闭环系统的信号为最终一致有界且系统的状态收敛于滑模超平面的邻域.最后,用一个仿真实例证明了所提出的方法的正确性和有效性.     

一种卫星导航模拟器置信度评估方案及应用

置信度评估能够为卫星导航模拟器的研制与改进提供依据。提出了一种基于对数最小二乘的模糊层次分析法和相似度法相结合的置信度评估方案。该方案利用基于对数最小二乘的模糊层次分析法将卫星导航模拟器系统分解为若干子系统或模型,并利用相似度法计算各个子系统或模型的置信度,同时使用模糊层次分析法计算各子系统或模型的权重向量,而后再逐级综合得到模拟器系统的总置信度。该方案能够将复杂系统逐层细化,且求解的子系统或模型的权重向量与置信度较为客观真实,具有重要的工程参考价值。     

分段线性气动弹性系统的作动器饱和控制律研究

本文通过规范化带有分段非线性刚度的三自由度二元机翼的状态方程,研究机翼气动弹性控制律的饱和设计问题。基于参数变化引起的状态矩阵不稳定共轭特征根,分离出不稳定子系统。利用子系统时间可逆性寻找系统的零可控域和吸引域,结合高阶不变吸引域设计出针对不同可控区域的线性饱和反馈控制律。数值仿真结果表明:这种设计方法能快速镇定不稳定的气动弹性系统,在初始条件很苛刻的条件下亦能对模型进行有效控制。     

基于扩展状态观测器的电动负载模拟器反演滑模控制

针对电动负载模拟器中存在的强位置扰动、摩擦、间隙非线性以及参数时变等不确定干扰,提出了一种基于扩展状态观测器的反演滑模控制策略。基于反演设计的思想,将电动负载模拟器分解为负载力矩子系统和永磁同步电机驱动子系统。对负载力矩子系统,利用带有滤波器的扩展状态观测器,消除量测噪声对系统的影响,同时估计出系统中存在的干扰,而后采用比例趋近滑模控制律,得出负载力矩子系统所对应的虚拟控制量;对永磁同步电机驱动子系统,利用常规扩展状态观测器估计出子系统中的复合扰动,采用非奇异终端滑模控制律,消除观测误差以及干扰对系统的影响,并得出系统所需的最终控制量。最后,利用李雅普诺夫方法证明了电动负载模拟器的稳定性,并通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

切换线性奇异系统能达的必要条件

在各子系统正则的条件下研究了切换线性奇异系统的能达性问题。对给定的切换序列定义了容许控制集合,以保证在该容许控制集合中的任意控制律的作用下,相应切换系统的状态都是连续的。基于切换线性奇异系统状态方程解的结构特点,定义了一系列子空间。利用所定义的子空间是循环不变子空间的特点,得到了切换线性奇异系统能达的必要条件。所给的必要条件涵盖了常规切换系统和非切换奇异系统的能达性必要条件。     

基于可用能的多电飞机能量利用率分析方法

为了分析复杂多电飞机系统的能量使用情况,将模块化系统建模与可用能分析方法相结合构造出一种能量利用率分析方法。利用该方法将多电飞机系统分成动力、电力、液压、机体、防冰除冰、环境控制和座舱等子系统,在完整巡航任务剖面内计算各子系统可用能的分配和使用情况,分析相同飞行状态下不同子系统以及相同子系统在不同飞行状态下的能量利用率。所采用的燃料可用能计算公式不仅考虑了化学能还考虑了燃烧状态的影响。结果显示,多电飞机中可用能损失主要发生在发动机中,液压作动系统紧随其次;防冰除冰单元在飞机盘旋阶段的可用能效率较低,在起飞着陆阶段效率较高。     

基于扩维QLEKF的脉冲星/星间定向组合导航

面向星座卫星高精度自主导航技术需求,设计了一种融合X射线脉冲星和星间定向观测信息的组合导航方法。通过X射线探测器获得脉冲到达时间观测量,照相观测星相机和星间链路设备获得星间相对位置矢量观测量,设计导航滤波器对观测量进行处理,估计参与导航的星座卫星的运动状态。针对地球星历误差影响组合导航性能的问题,将地球相对于太阳系质心的位置扩充为状态向量,设计了扩维扩展卡尔曼滤波器,利用敏感器观测量对导航所需的地球位置矢量进行实时估计,从而削弱地球星历误差的影响。进而,针对滤波器参数选取影响状态估计精度的问题,设计了一种Q学习扩展卡尔曼滤波器（QLEKF）,主要思路是利用Q学习方法的决策能力,自适应地选择适当的滤波器参数以改善估计性能。数学仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效减小地球星历误差对星座自主导航的影响,取得优于传统滤波算法的定位精度。     

基于模糊灰色聚类和组合赋权法的飞机健康状态综合评估方法

针对目前飞机健康状态不易准确评估的难题,以飞机液压系统为具体研究对象,提出一种基于模糊灰色聚类和组合赋权相结合的健康状态综合评估新方法。首先,利用熵权法和层次分析法（AHP）分别计算并确定飞机液压系统各关键部件相关参数的权重,再通过组合赋权法将上述两种权重进行组合,得到具有主客观意义的组合权重。第二,采用灰色聚类法评估飞机液压系统各关键部件的健康状态。针对评估结果,由飞机液压系统各关键部件聚类系数创建飞机液压系统的健康评估模糊评判矩阵。然后依据该矩阵,采用熵权法和AHP分别求出各关键部件权重,并用组合赋权法进行组合。最终,采用模糊综合评判法评估飞机液压系统的健康状态。以某型飞机真实液压系统为例进行了试验验证,结果表明,所提出的基于模糊灰色聚类和组合赋权相结合的健康状态综合评估方法能够有效实现飞机液压系统健康评估的效能,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

基于反步法的空天飞行器有限时间姿态跟踪控制

针对空天飞行器再入段姿态跟踪控制问题,根据反步法和控制分配技术提出了一种有限时间复合控制策略,处理在未知扰动和参数不确定性情况下RLV进行再入飞行时的姿态镇定问题。首先,根据多时间尺度,将RLV模型分为双回路子系统——姿态角子系统和姿态角速度子系统,并在反步法框架下定义误差向量,结合快速幂次趋近律设计虚拟角速度指令;然后,设计有限时间观测器,补偿包含虚拟指令微分组合的不确定项,并实时反馈给有限时间控制律,避免"参数膨胀";最后,利用分离原理和Lyapunov有限时间稳定性理论,证明了整体系统的收敛性,分析并给出了闭环系统的收敛时间。仿真结果表明了该控制策略的有效性。。     

快速判断线性控制系统能控能观性的一种途径

介绍了判断线性控制系统能控性和能观性的一种方法,并提供了一种用 MATLAB 语言编写的快速准确判断线性控制系统能控能观性的软件。     

垂尾抖振主动控制的压电作动器布局优化

为了提高压电作动器垂尾抖振主动控制系统的控制性能,提出一种基于输出可控性的压电作动器优化准则。使用压电驱动载荷等效方法建立压电纤维复合材料（MFC）压电作动器力学模型,并建立了带MFC压电作动器垂尾结构模型的动力学方程。在模态可控性和模态价值理论的基础上,提出考虑剩余模态影响的压电作动器优化目标函数。针对垂尾结构的前5阶模态使用遗传算法优化得到压电作动器的布局方案,使用线性二次高斯（LQG）最优控制方法控制垂尾的抖振响应。仿真结果表明,本文优化得到的布局方案比用其他方法能更好地均衡系统的模态可控性,减小剩余模态的影响,获得更好的垂尾抖振响应控制。     

Synthesis of Computationally Efficient Sequential Linear Estimators

The Kalman sequential linear estimation theory, although not always utilized because the number of computations required for many systems of practical importance becomes prohibitive, allows straight-forward synthesis of optimal estimators for many complex systems. Some systems designers have chosen to ignore variables and by such a reduction in system dimension have been able to economize with regard to the number of computations. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a method which allows economy of computation by partitioning the system state vector; the variables to be eliminated are placed in one subsystem and the remaining variables in one or more additional subsystems. The resultant system is computationally more efficient if some variables are eliminated. This is so because the remaining states have been partitioned into two or more subsystems. The number of computations for a subsystem varies approximately as the cube of the dimension of its state vector. By operating on several subsystems of lesser dimension than that of the unpartitioned system, the number of computations is decreased; performance will deteriorate. The method for determining the partitioning tends to keep this deterioration under control; it is illustrated by application to a marine-type inertial navigation system.     

Multi-mode optimal fuzzy active vibration control of composite beams laminated with photostrictive actuators

Firstly, a multi-field coupling finite element formulation of composited beam laminated with the photostrictive actuators is developed in this paper. Moreover, an optimal fuzzy active control algorithm is also proposed on the basis of the combination of optimal control and fuzzy one.This method opens a new avenue to resolve the contradiction between the linear system control method and nonlinear actuating characteristics of photostrictive actuators. The desired control for suppressing multi-modal vibration of photoelectric laminated beam is firstly obtained through optimal control and then the fuzzy control is used to approach the desired mechanical strain induced by photostrictive actuators. Thus, the multi-mode vibration control of beam is realized.In the design process of optimal fuzzy controller, the design of fuzzy control is independent of optimal control. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method can effectively realize multi-modal vibration control of photoelectric laminated beams, and the control effect of optimal fuzzy control is better than that of optimal state feedback control.     

面向结构振动控制的压电作动器优化配置研究

 为了研究压电主动结构振动控制当中作动器的位置优化问题,从系统的状态空间方程出发,在系统可控性Gram矩阵特征值的基础上来描述性能指标,以输入的能量吸收率为优化目标函数,提出了一种新的位置优化配置准则。利用有限元分析(FEA)方法分析作动器的配置,并与遗传算法(GA)结合进行优化计算,计算过程中对作动器的位置采用二进制编码加以描述。通过对一压电简支板结构的仿真计算对该方法进行了验证,并与其他几种不同的配置方法进行对比,从而证明了新方法的优越性。     

Dynamics modeling and pressure control of composites tape winding system based on LQSMC

Pressure fluctuations during the composite fiber winding process seriously affect the product's compactness strength, fatigue resistance, stress uniformity, and resin content. The accuracy of pressure control systems is affected by nonlinear disturbances, such as friction, parameter perturbation, and measurement noise. A robust control algorithm based on linear quadratic optimal control and sliding mode control (LQSMC) is proposed to overcome these problems. The method is based on the system state space expression and linear quadratic optimal control. The state space model of the system is improved by using a Kalman filter and control input for state estimation, and a new sliding surface equation is defined. The ameliorated control algorithm exhibits good performance and can effectively suppress sliding mode control (SMC) chattering. Simulation and experimental results show that LQSMC offers high control precision, much stronger anti-interference, and robustness, which can effectively improve the positioning and tracking accuracy of a pressure control system compared with linear quadratic optimal control (LQC). The winding pressure control precision is improved by 45% to 50%. The results show that the porosity of composite fiber tape winding products decreased thanks to our method.     

Nonlinear modeling of integrally actuated beams

A set of nonlinear, intrinsic equations describing the dynamics of beam structures undergoing large deformations is presented. The intrinsic kinematical equations are derived for the general case of a moving beam. Active force/strain terms are added to the equations to take into account active components. The equations are then discretized into finite elements, transformed into state-space form and finally decomposed into modes. Actuation and sensor models are established before implementing a simulation model in Matlab/SIMULINK. The model is validated by comparison with exact, analytical results and then used to analyze the dynamic behavior of an active helicopter blade in vacuum. Beside the analysis of the inherent dynamics of this system in terms of eigenvalues and vectors, the influence of centrifugal stiffening on the modal controllability of the blade is discussed. Finally, the design of a MIMO controller based on full-state optimal control (LQR approach) and optimal state estimation (Kalman filter) is presented with the aim to add vibrational damping to the weakly damped system. The closed loop properties are validated by both analytical methods and simulation runs.     

Tracking considerations in selection of radar waveform for rangeand range-rate measurements

The conventional approach for tracking system design is to treat the detection and tracking subsystems as completely independent units. However, the two subsystems can be designed jointly to improve system (tracking) performance. It is known that different radar signal waveforms result in very different resolution cell shapes (for example, a rectangle versus an eccentric parallelogram) in the range/range-rate space, and that there are corresponding differences in overall tracking performance. We develop a framework for the analysis of this performance. An imperfect detection process, false alarms, target dynamics, and the matched filter sampling grid are all accounted for, using the Markov chain approach of Li and Bar-Shalom. The role of the grid is stressed, and it is seen that the measurement-extraction process from contiguous radar "hits" is very important. A number of conclusions are given, perhaps the most interesting of which is the corroboration in the new measurement space of Fitzgerald's result for delay-only (i.e., range) measurements, that a linear FM upsweep offers very good tracking performance     

Minimum Trajectory Sensitivity of a Large Launch Booster Control System

An optimal closed-loop control scheme is developed for a linear timevarying system. The system has two independent parameters which may deviate from their nominal values. The problem is motivated by the possible failure of the control system of the large launch booster after takeoff. The computational scheme involves an iterative algorithm and requires the solution to a matrix Riccati equation. An example is given as an illustration.