断开垂直陀螺的无人机纵向控制技术研究

为适应低成本、小型化无人机发展趋势,提出了断开垂直陀螺,仅采用角速率陀螺、GPS和大气机的简化配置控制思想,形成了基于高度控制的爬升、平飞、下滑纵向控制策略,设计了缺少俯仰角信号时的高度控制方案,并分析了控制方案的理论依据。利用某小型无人机进行了简化配置纵向控制律设计,分析了控制系统的频域特性和时域特性,对其控制性能进行了考察。通过与传感器完整配置下的常规控制律对比分析表明,对于纵向静稳定性较好的无人机,该简化配置控制策略是可行的。     

一种新的小型无人机飞行控制策略研究

针对传统控制策略对小型无人机系统计算能力要求高、结构要求复杂的特点,提出了一种新的控制策略,即只采用角速率陀螺和GPS传感器配置,控制器结构采用两层回路实现(即角速率回路和轨迹控制回路)。利用输出反馈二次调节器设计方法得到了相应的控制器结构参数。最后,通过仿真比较了新控制策略和传统控制策略在轨迹控制过程中的控制效果。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略具有与传统控制策略相似的控制效果,但新策略下的控制器结构和系统复杂程度都更简单。     

面向任务需求的模块化无人机配置方法

为了实现成本约束下面向任务需求的模块化无人机（UAVs）高效配置，基于无人机需求集和模块备选元素集，构建了任务需求与模块备选元素之间的关联矩阵；以无人机总体成本为约束条件，建立了需求满意度评价模型，引入了改进粒子群算法以获得无人机专用模块的最优配置方案，并通过算例与其他2种优化算法对比，验证了本文优化算法的有效性，进而提出了一种面向模块化无人机的配置方法。以某任务场景为例，在预定成本约束下构建了3型无人机的模块配置方案，并与文献中的单兵无人机参数配置进行对比，验证了配置方案的合理性。结合不同配置方案的成本计算结果表明，提出的模块化无人机配置方法能够实现无人机性能、成本与多种任务用途需求的协同匹配。在此基础之上，开展了模块化无人机多个配置方案单体成本、面向任务运用成本的对比分析，探讨了无人机配置参数对其单机及集群运用成本的影响规律，间接验证了本文算法对无人机单机及集群运用成本控制的支撑作用。     

一种通用型无人机飞行控制与导航系统

介绍一种通用型智能化无人机的飞行控制与导航系统的设计,阐述了系统组成、飞行控制功能、飞行管理功能和导航功能的实现,以及利用Tornado集成开发环境设计的软件系统。该飞行控制与管理系统,采用数字计算机作为核心控制部件,配以GPS导航系统、各种机载传感器、垂直陀螺和舵机等构成。具有手动遥控飞行、程控飞行和远距遥控加载数据三种飞行模式。手动飞行采用独创的开关指令式控制,可减轻操纵员的工作强度,提高飞行的可靠性、安全性。整个系统体积小、重量轻、可移植性高,适用于各种中小型无人机。该系统已用在某型无人机上,经过试飞验证,性能良好,可靠性强。     

投掷激光制导炸弹后无人机的航路规划

对地攻击是无人机在现代战场中的重要应用之一。以无人机为平台,以激光制导炸弹为武器,在满足对目标进行连续照射的前提下,研究了投放武器后无人机的航路规划问题。以攻击后无人机航路必须遵守的3条原则为基础,得出了3种可行的航路方案。通过仿真,验证了3种方案的可行性。通过对3种方案优缺点的比较,得出了每种方案的优、缺点。     

带FDI算法的无人机组合导航姿态确定控制系统设计

无人机导航系统的作用是提供导航数据给飞控计算机作为制导和控制用,因为飞控计算机的性能在很大程度上依赖于导航数据,导航系统的某一个错误可能会导致整个无人机的失败,因此,导航系统应具有故障检测和隔离(FDI)算法,介绍了一种用于无人机导航的FDI和低成本的组合导航系统,硬件包括低成本商业用MEMSIMU、GPS接收器、磁力计和导航计算机,软件包括带FDI算法的卡尔曼滤波。     

基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统研究

提出了基于单片机的通用型无人机飞行控制系统的设计方法;归纳出通用型飞行控制系统在角速度、线加速度、大气压强、GPS信息等飞行数据采集方面的特点;在无人机的高度控制、速度控制和航向控制方面设计了舵机的控制方案,详细论述了控制信号输出;研究了计算机的控制程序,为下一步的基于单片机的半实物系统仿真奠定了基础.     

一种无人机推测导航(DR)抗侧风控制策略

随着无人机应用领域的不断扩大，要求无人机在GPS信号失效时仍然能够保证一定的航迹跟随性能。在不给现役无人机增加其他的硬件配置的前提下，本文采用推测导航作为唯一的导航手段，并针对影响推测导航 精度的侧风扰动，研究了一种对抗侧风的控制策略。该策略的实质就是将普通的PID控制律改为一种容错控制律。仿真结果表明，这种控制策略在无人机作直线航迹跟踪时，效果十分理想。     

基于模型拼接技术的四旋翼无人机全飞行包线建模

四旋翼无人机在军事和民用领域都有广泛的应用前景。然而，四旋翼无人机具有机载传感器准确性低与可靠性差、不同飞行条件下动力学模型差异大等特点。本文以四旋翼无人机为研究对象，系统地开展了飞行路径重构、频率域系统辨识、全飞行包线建模的相关研究工作。针对机载低成本传感器存在显著常值偏差与量测噪声统计学特性未知的缺点，采用基于EKF的飞行路径重构技术对在飞行试验中无人机的机体空速进行重构；针对不同飞行速度下四旋翼无人机动力学模型差异大的特点，采用频域法辨识得到不同飞行条件下的本体动力学模型；针对四旋翼无人机大跨域的高精度控制需求，利用模型拼接技术，系统性地提出了全飞行包线建模方案，经过验证，所提出模型拼接技术是准确可靠的。     

一种有效的抑制压电陀螺动态误差的方法

提出了一种基于小波滤波的补偿压电陀螺动态误差的方法.与自适应卡尔曼滤波、IIR低通滤波方法在实际工程中应用的比较和大量的跑车实验表明,该方法能够有效去除压电陀螺动态误差噪声干扰,提高压电陀螺使用精度.     

GPS guidance system increases projectile accuracy

To meet the size/performance and cost-driven goals required for more advanced projectile and mortar applications, IEC focused its efforts on function consolidation, electronic signal protection, ultra-deep sensor integration, and processing stability. IEC's development has been in the utilization of silicon-based micro-machine technology for the inertial sensor, high levels of processor integration, and hardware function consolidation, making the guidance package inherently immune to the vibration and high G shock effects of the launch. In addition, the size and power are sufficiently reduced to fit the constraints of the fuse well. While a GPS “only”-based guidance system seemed an ideal solution for the lowest cost implementation of smart weapon guidance, the potential for signal jamming meant that a GPS “only” solution would not be able to guide the projectile to the target. To resolve this limitation, an anti-jam (AJ) capability had to be incorporated into the GPS receiver, and a miniature on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) had to be part of the system. Initial laboratory tests have proven that the GPS/inertial guidance system, enhanced with a robust, low-cost AJ subsystem, performs consistently well under simulated battlefield conditions     

基于改进联邦Kalman滤波的组合校准方法研究

联邦滤波器广泛应用于多传感器信息融合领域,联邦滤波中的信息分配原则影响滤波精度.针对联邦Kalman滤波器进行改进,采用基于估计协方差阵奇异值动态确定信息分配系数.对子滤波器进行重置时,采用新的重置方法,保证了子滤波器误差协方差阵的对称性,确保Kalman滤波器的一致收敛稳定性.新的联邦滤波算法允许每个状态分量拥有不同的动态信息分配因子,从而改进了联邦滤波信息融合的精度.设计了SINS/GPS/电子罗盘组合导航系统,仿真结果说明,与传统联邦滤波算法相比,改进的联邦滤波器估计精度得到了提高,可以更好地对SINS误差进行校准,提高系统的精度.     

GPS/INS integration on the Standoff Land Attack Missile (SLAM)

The Standoff Land Attack Missile (SLAM) is a worldwide, all-weather, precision-strike weapon system deployed from carrier-based aircraft. In the primary mode of operation, target location and other mission data are generated from intelligence sources available on the aircraft carrier and loaded into the missile prior to aircraft takeoff. After missile launch, the SLAM inertial navigation system (INS) guides the missile along the planned trajectory. Updating the missile INS from the Global Positioning System (GPS) during flight provides precise midcourse navigation and enhances target acquisition by accurate, on-target pointing of the SLAM Maverick seeker. The GPS/INS avionics and software integration used for SLAM are described in detail, along with some of the design tradeoffs that led to the approach. The avionics configuration integrates the Harpoon midcourse guidance unit, which includes a strapdown inertial sensor package and digital processor, with a Rockwell-Collins single-channel, sequential GPS receiver processor unit (RPU), a derivative of the GPS phase-III user equipment. In addition to the GPS receiver elements the RPU contains the navigation processor, which executes the SLAM navigation, Kalman filter algorithms, and other guidance algorithms including seeker pointing. Flight-test results of the SLAM GPS-aided INS are also included     

Preliminary Evaluation of GPS Performance for Low-Cost General Aviation

Preliminary results of a simulation effort to evaluate the requirements and feasibility of the global positioning system (GPS) as a civil air navigation system are presented. Evaluation is made of GPS requirements, from operational considerations, such as application to nonprecision approaches. The conceptual low-cost GPS receiver simulated here does not correct for the ionospheric or trophospheric delay, is sequential in nature, tracks only four satellites, and is not mechanized to make independent range rate measurements based on the Doppler shift of the GPS carrier frequency. The proposed GPS system has significantly different performance characteristics from the presently used VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) solidus distance-measuring equipment (DME) system. The GPS is a low signal level system and many have a relatively slow data rate due to the low-cost sequential receiver design. The results indicate that although the conceptual low-cost GPS receiver/ navigator is potentially more accurate than a VOR, the accuracy may degrade during aircraft turns and satellite shielding periods.     

GPS Aided Inertial Navigation

The Global Positioning System is an extremely accurate satellite-based navigation system which, after its completion in 1989, will provide users worldwide, 24 hour. all weather coverage. A joint research project among Boeing, Rockwell-Collins, and Northrop has been completed in which a GPS receiver was integrated with a low-cost strap-down inertial navigation system and a flight computer. A Kalman filter in the latter allows in-fight alignment and calibration of the INS. In addition, feedback from the INS to the GPS receiver improves the system's ability to reacquire satellite signals after outages. The resulting system combines the accuracy of GPS with the jamming immunity and autonomy of inertial navigation. System tests were conducted in which a Boeing owned T-33 jet aircraft was flown through known test pattern to align and calibrate the INS. Earlier tests, including tests against an airborne jammer, were conducted in a modified passenger bus.     

高超声速飞行器组合导航鲁棒滤波算法

高超声速飞行器由于其飞行环境的影响,使得GPS和星敏感器的量测噪声表现出非高斯特性。针对常规基于Kalman滤波的组合导航在非高斯噪声下性能下降的问题,提出了基于鲁棒滤波的高超声速飞行器组合导航算法。方法在惯性／GPS／＆异步量测建模的基础上,通过随机去耦将量测更新转化为线性回归问题,并基于M估计获得状态量最优估计。仿真结果表明,方法对非高斯噪声具有更好的鲁棒性,有效提高了高超声速飞行器组合导航系统的性能。     

Constructive neural-networks-based MEMS/GPS integration scheme

This article exploits the idea of developing an alternative data fusion scheme that integrates the outputs of low-cost micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial measurements units (IMUs) and receivers of the global positioning system (GPS). The proposed scheme is implemented using a constructive neural network (cascade-correlation network (CCNs)) to overcome the limitations of conventional techniques that are predominantly based on the Kalman filter (KF). The CNN applied in this research has the advantage of having a flexible topology if compared with the recently utilized multi-layer feed-forward neural networks (MFNNs) for inertial navigation system (INS)/GPS integration. The preliminary results presented in this article illustrate the effectiveness of proposed CCNs over both MFNN-based and Kalman filtering techniques for INS/GPS integration.     

基于嵌入式平台的MEMS/GPS 组合导航系统实现研究

主要研究基于PC104平台的MEMS/GPS组合导航系统硬件实现方法.首先设计了对MTi-30 MEMS器件与GPS接收机的数据采集软件,基于统计分析方法分析建立了传感器的误差模型参数,构建了MEMS/GPS组合算法模型,基于MEMS惯性器件和GPS接收机实测数据确定了Kalman滤波器的系统噪声阵及量测噪声阵模型参数;然后利用实际测量数据进行了MEMS/GPS组合系统导航性能仿真;最后基于PC 104嵌入式平台,构建了MEMS/GPS组合导航系统原理样机,分别在静态和动态情况下完成MEMS/GPS组合导航算法实时测试,导航结果验证了硬件平台及导航算法的正确性.     

Multipath-adaptive GPS/INS receiver

Multipath interference is one of the contributing sources of errors in precise global positioning system (GPS) position determination. This paper identifies key parameters of a multipath signal, focusing on estimating them accurately in order to mitigate multipath effects. Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) techniques are applied to an inertial navigation system (INS)-coupled GPS receiver, based on a federated (distributed) Kalman filter design, to estimate the desired multipath parameters. The system configuration is one in which a GPS receiver and an INS are integrated together at the level of the in-phase and quadrature phase (I and Q) signals, rather than at the level of pseudo-range signals or navigation solutions. The system model of the MMAE is presented and the elemental Kalman filter design is examined. Different parameter search spaces are examined for accurate multipath parameter identification. The resulting GPS/INS receiver designs are validated through computer simulation of a user receiving signals from GPS satellites with multipath signal interference present The designed adaptive receiver provides pseudo-range estimates that are corrected for the effects of multipath interference, resulting in an integrated system that performs well with or without multipath interference present.