一种直升机尾传动轴抗弹击损伤容限分析方法

为保障直升机被弹击后仍具备充足时间供直升机安全降落,亟需对弹击后传动轴进行损伤容限设计,确保其被击中后仍拥有足够的剩余疲劳寿命.本文提出了一种直升机尾传动轴抗弹击损伤容限分析方法,可有效预测弹击损伤后的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命.采用该方法对尾传动轴进行弹击动力学仿真分析;其次,发展一种非标准断裂韧度测试方法以获取尾传动轴的断裂...     

A new method to predict fatigue crack growth rate of materials based on average cyclic plasticity strain damage accumulation

By introducing a fatigue blunting factor, the cyclic elasto-plastic Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field near the crack tip under the cyclic loading is modified. And, an average damage per loading-cycle in the cyclic plastic deformation region is defined due to Manson-Coffin law. Then, according to the linear damage accumulation theory-Miner law, a new model for predicting the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of the opening mode crack based on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage is set up. The step length of crack propagation is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. It is clear that every parameter of the new model has clearly physical meaning which does not need any human debugging. Based on the LCF test data, the FCG predictions given by the new model are consistent with the FCG test results of Cr2Ni2MoV and X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1. What’s more, referring to the relative researches, the good predictability of the new model is also proved on six kinds of materials.     

Individual aircraft life monitoring: An engineering approach for fatigue damage evaluation

Individual aircraft life monitoring is required to ensure safety and economy of aircraft structure, and fatigue damage evaluation based on collected operational data of aircraft is an integral part of it. To improve the accuracy and facilitate the application, this paper proposes an engineering approach to evaluate fatigue damage and predict fatigue life for critical structures in fatigue monitoring. In this approach, traditional nominal stress method is applied to back calculate the S-N curve parameters of the realistic structure details based on full-scale fatigue test data. Then the S-N curve and Miner’s rule are adopted in damage estimation and fatigue life analysis for critical locations under individual load spectra. The relationship between relative small crack length and fatigue life can also be predicted with this approach. Specimens of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy and TA15M titanium alloy are fatigue tested under two types of load spectra, and there is a good agreement between the experimental results and analysis results. Furthermore, the issue concerning scatter factor in individual aircraft damage estimation is also discussed.     

基于高斯权值-混合建议分布粒子滤波的疲劳裂纹扩展预测

飞行器结构的疲劳裂纹扩展预测对保障结构安全、实现视情维护具有重要意义。结合粒子滤波算法和结构健康监测方法进行在线的疲劳裂纹扩展预测是近年来刚刚开始研究的新方法,该方法通过状态空间模型表征疲劳裂纹扩展过程中的不确定性,同时通过贝叶斯方法将结构健康监测所获取的结构实际裂纹观测值用于修正裂纹扩展模型的预测误差,实现更准确的疲劳裂纹扩展在线预测。由于该方法的研究刚刚开展,已有研究中粒子滤波算法的重要性密度函数往往简单选取为先验转移概率密度,存在严重的粒子退化问题。另一方面出于简单考虑,仅采用表征裂纹稳定扩展区的Paris模型。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于高斯权值-混合建议分布粒子滤波的疲劳裂纹在线预测方法,基于表征裂纹全扩展区域的NASGRO裂纹扩展模型建立疲劳裂纹扩展状态方程,以主动Lamb波监测方法实现结构裂纹的在线监测,借助在线结构健康监测的优势,在粒子滤波时选取重要性密度函数为观测概率密度和先验转移概率密度的混合分布,同时基于先验估计获取高斯权值进行权值更新。本文进一步进行了仿真研究,结果表明所提出的方法优化了疲劳裂纹扩展预测的准确性。     

力学不均匀性对焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展影响的研究

本文将焊接接头简化为夹层材料裂纹体模型，通过实验及弹塑性有限元方法研究了均匀材料和具有力学不均匀性的夹层材料裂纹体中心裂纹试件中疲劳裂纹的扩展规律。发现疲劳裂纹的扩展不但取决于裂纹尖端处材料的性质，而且还受裂纹尖端附近材料力学不均匀性的严重影响；不均匀体裂纹尖端的塑性区、应力应变场与均匀材料裂纹体显著不同；力学不均匀性对疲劳扩展寿命影响的本质在于力学不均匀性对疲劳裂纹闭合的影响     

结构连接件疲劳损伤容限全寿命设计方法

通过对结构疲劳裂纹形成寿命和裂纹扩展寿命的研究,提出了连接件疲劳全寿命的计算方法。本文分别研究了连接件的裂纹形成寿命和扩展寿命,研究了试片裂纹形成寿命与扩展寿命之间的关系,提出了用试片的S-N曲线确定连接件裂纹形成寿命的修正方法。通过典型连接件的计算给出了连接件的全寿命,并与试验结果进行了对比,得到了较好的吻合。本文希望通过典型连接件全寿命研究提出一种更合理、可靠的连接件疲劳分析的工程方法,经试验结果验证这种方法是可行的。     

RELIABILITY AND DAMAGE TOLERANCEANALYSIS FOR AIRCRAFT PROPELLER

ＲＥＬＩＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＡＮＤＤＡＭＡＧＥＴＯＬＥＲＡＮＣＥＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＦＯＲＡＩＲＣＲＡＦＴＰＲＯＰＥＬＬＥＲＦｅｉＢｉｎｊｕｎ，ＧａｏＺｈｅｎｔｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｏｌｉｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡ...     

含多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限评定方法

将概率断裂力学理论与损伤容限／耐久性设计方法有机地结合起来,考虑结构初始疲劳裂纹尺寸及其扩展过程的随机性,建立了裂纹相互独立条件下的多裂纹结构的全寿命概率损伤容限评定模型,并成功地运用于机翼主梁的可靠性评定,给出指定疲劳寿命下的安全可靠度或指定安全可靠度下的安全疲劳寿命。     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.     

A model-based prognostics method for fatigue crack growth in fuselage panels

This paper proposes a model-based prognostics method that couples the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a new developed linearization method. The proposed prognostics method is developed in the context of fatigue crack propagation in fuselage panels where the model parameters are unknown and the crack propagation is affected by different types of uncertainties. The coupled method is composed of two steps. The first step employs EKF to estimate the unknown model parameters and the current damage state. In the second step, the proposed efficient linearization method is applied to compute analytically the statistical distribution of the damage evolution path in some future time. A numerical case study is implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the coupled EKF-linearization method provides satisfactory results: the EKF algorithm well identifies the model parameters, and the linearization method gives comparable prediction results to Monte Carlo (MC) method while leading to very significant computational cost saving. The proposed prognostics method for fatigue crack growth can be used for developing predictive maintenance strategy for an aircraft fleet, in which case, the computational cost saving is significantly meaningful.     

基于粒子滤波的结构疲劳裂纹扩展动态贝叶斯推断方法

准确预测结构的疲劳裂纹扩展过程是开展飞机单机寿命监控与剩余寿命估算的基础。提出一种基于动态贝叶斯网络的结构疲劳裂纹扩展预测方法,结合疲劳裂纹扩展的先验知识与后验知识来准确地推断裂纹长度;研究粒子滤波算法中不同粒子数对动态贝叶斯网络推断精度的影响规律;通过对单孔板结构与耳片连接结构件在随机载荷谱下进行裂纹扩展研究。结果表明：动态贝叶斯网络方法可以对复杂结构的疲劳裂纹扩展进行准确预测,预测精度相对于传统方法提高50% 以上。     

螺桨断裂可靠性及损伤容限分析与评定

针对Ｙ７－２００５螺桨的载荷及使用环境的特点,建立了含裂纹构件的长寿命可靠性计算的二维断裂干涉模型,给出了无限寿命下的含裂纹结构的断裂可靠性计算方法。并计算了在不同初始裂纹尺寸下螺旋奖的可靠度。同时,对螺桨进行了损伤容限分析,建立了适应于高频小载荷下利用载荷的二维概率分布函数的裂纹扩展寿命干涉积分公式。给出了在不同初始裂纹尺寸下的裂纹扩展寿命及检修周期。     

飞机结构数字孪生关键建模仿真技术

飞机结构安全性设计思想经历了从静强度设计、安全寿命设计、损伤容限与耐久性设计到单机追踪的演变,未来有进一步向结构数字孪生的方向发展的趋势。飞机结构数字孪生是数字线程驱动的,多学科、多物理、多尺度、多保真度、多概率的模拟仿真系统,采用在线传感器监测、离线地面检查、飞机运行历史等多源数据,反映并预测对应飞机结构实体在全寿命周期内的行为和性能,有望革新现有的飞机结构使用和维护模式。面向疲劳寿命管理,提出飞机结构数字孪生的5项关键建模仿真技术,分别是载荷和损伤的数据获取技术、多尺度建模和力学分析技术、含裂纹复杂结构的精确高效仿真技术、基于降阶的数字孪生高效建模技术和考虑不确定性与多源异构数据的剩余寿命评估技术,并详细探讨这五项关键技术的研究现状与发展方向,为飞机结构数字孪生的系统研究与工程应用提供参考。     

某机平尾大轴断裂损伤容限评定分析

根据某机平尾大轴在做疲劳试验时突然发生完全断裂,究其原因进行了损伤容限评定分析,并得出了分析结论:由于管壁腐蚀穿透裂纹已大于疲劳载荷谱工作应力所对应的临界裂纹长度,因此裂纹产生了不稳定扩展,换句话说,也就是疲劳载荷谱工作应力已大于腐蚀裂纹长度所对应的剩余强度要求值,因此导致了该大轴突然发生快速断裂。     

涡轮盘榫槽的损伤力学研究

本文运用损伤力学方法对涡轮盘试件榫槽在蠕变和疲劳交互作用下的裂纹起始寿命与裂纹扩展寿命进行了分析研究。榫槽的非线性损伤累积模型是由修正的Ｃｈａｂｏｃｈｅ′ｓ低循环疲劳损伤模型和改进的Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ′ｓ蠕变损伤模型综合形成的。在此基础上建立了疲劳和蠕变交互作用下裂纹扩展计算模型。从理论分析计算与试验结果的一致性,说明所建模型的正确性。采用损伤有限元素法,以有限元网格尺寸模拟损伤裂纹长度。从试件榫槽的裂纹扩展计算分析中,提出裂纹起始方向和裂纹扩展方向判断准则,并通过计算检验了此准则的正确性。文中所建立的基本理论,计算方法及结果分析在工程实际中具有一定使用价值。     

多孔多裂纹平板的疲劳裂纹扩展试验与分析方法

飞机结构广布疲劳损伤是目前大型客机损伤容限设计与分析的难点。通过试验研究了典型多孔多裂纹2024-T3铝合金平板的裂纹扩展行为。试验结果表明：相邻孔边裂纹之间的相互干扰明显降低了共线多裂纹平板的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。就本文研究的典型多孔板,所有孔边都出现了等长裂纹这一极端情况,其裂纹扩展寿命是单孔平板孔边裂纹扩展寿命的10%左右。本文采用Eshelby夹杂理论和权函数法给出了典型多孔多裂纹问题的应力强度因子近似解析解,并结合Paris裂纹扩展公式预测疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。与采用有限元法获得应力强度因子并预测多孔多裂纹板的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行对比,对比结果表明：采用解析解和有限元解获得的应力强度因子预测的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命与试验结果吻合良好;相比于有限元法,本文的应力强度因子解法简单、高效,将有助于飞机结构多位置损伤（MSD）的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测分析。     

铝锂合金材料发展及综合性能评述

在抗疲劳设计等工程应用中,对材料综合性能的准确把握是使用材料进行设计的基础。作为一种航空材料,铝锂合金因具有高比强度、高比刚度的性能而受到青睐,与普通铝合金相比,铝锂合金的各方面性能,包括常规力学性能和疲劳断裂性能,具有独特特征。不同时期研发的铝锂合金产品,其各方面性能也有显著差异。本文通过比较铝锂合金和普通铝合金的性能差异,以及比较不同铝锂合金之间的性能差异,对铝锂合金材料性能发展进行综合评述。通过对铝锂合金发展历程、常规力学性能、疲劳极限和疲劳抗力、疲劳裂纹扩展抗力的分析,给出了结构设计选材的一些建议。     

起落架结构损伤容限特性研究

扼要地介绍了对某型主起落架结构的损伤容限特性研究。用同~个起落架完成了从疲劳裂纹形成到裂纹扩展、以及剩余强度和结构总体破坏试验全过程。损伤容限设计用于该起落架结构,可以获得更安全可靠的保证。     

基于导波原位检测的复合材料疲劳表征与寿命预测研究

随着复合材料在先进飞行器结构中占比的逐渐增加,复合材料在服役过程中力学性能的变化对飞行器整体的安全至关重要。为了实现基于导波原位检测的飞行器复合材料整体部件疲劳评估和寿命预测,首先,从宏观和细观的角度研究复合材料疲劳损伤演化规律;在此基础上,通过分析导波波场信息,探究导波相速度、模态能量比等特征在表征复合材料疲劳方面的潜力;其次,从复合材料损伤机理出发,建立导波相速度与疲劳损伤累积的演化模型;然后,构建深度学习框架,以数据驱动的方式从导波波场中提取疲劳演化特征;最后,提 出基于贝叶斯模型平均方法的疲劳演化模型,对复合材料剩余疲劳寿命进行预测。结果表明：通过提取和分析导波特征信息,可以准确地对复合材料疲劳状态进行表征,结合贝叶斯模型平均方法和置信区间准则,实现了在试件疲劳破坏之前的剩余寿命预测。     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of composite materials

In order to analyze the stress and strain fields in the fibers and the matrix in composite materials,a fiber-scale unit cell model is established and the corresponding periodical boundary conditions are introduced.Assuming matrix cracking as the failure mode of composite materials,an energy-based fatigue damage parameter and a multiaxial fatigue life prediction method are established.This method only needs the material properties of the fibers and the matrix to be known.After the relationship between the fatigue damage parameter and the fatigue life under any arbitrary test condition is established,the multiaxial fatigue life under any other load condition can be predicted.The proposed method has been verified using two different kinds of load forms.One is unidirectional laminates subjected to cyclic off-axis loading,and the other is filament wound composites subjected to cyclic tension-torsion loading.The fatigue lives predicted using the proposed model are in good agreements with the experimental results for both kinds of load forms.