轮胎和缓冲支柱压力对摆振特性的影响

阐述了摆振分析的基本思路,分析了轮胎和缓冲支柱压力对摆振特性的影响,并结合某起落架计算比较了不同轮胎及缓冲支柱压力下的摆振特性。研究表明:当两者压力降低时,摆振临界阻尼均减小,有利于防摆;反之,摆振临界阻尼均增大,不利于防摆;但在两者压力变化的百分比相同的情况下,轮胎压力变化比缓冲支柱压力变化对摆振特性的影响更明显。     

月面冯·卡门撞击坑的着陆选址和科学探测目标浅析

冯·卡门（Von Kármán）撞击坑位于月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole-Aitken，SPA）盆地中部，是中国“嫦娥4号”计划的优先级较高的探测目标。对该撞击坑的着陆和探测，有助于揭示月球形成和演化的一些关键问题，在月球科学研究中具有重大的意义。论文概要总结了冯·卡门撞击坑的研究意义和科学价值；结合LRO卫星LOLA数据、Clementine UV-VIS数据、GRAIL数据、“嫦娥2号”卫星CELMS等数据，简要分析了冯·卡门撞击坑的地形、成分、深部结构和亮?%rater are analyzed with LRO satellite LOLA data,Clementine UV-VIS data,GRAIL data,and Chang''E-2 CELMS data and their scientific meanings are also presented. Finally,combined with our results and the previous prospects about theVon Kármán crater,three candidate landing sites and the possible scientific discoveries are proposed.     

嫦娥四号动力下降段图像可视化传输方案

针对嫦娥四号降落相机在动力下降段的图像可视化传输需求和深空通信下行数传信道带宽受限的矛盾，文章提出了一种动力下降段速率自适应的可视化图像传输方案，对如何保证降落相机图像下传的实时性、完整性、速率自适应性等关键问题进行了讨论，并对方案中涉及的抽帧回放算法、帧格式识别方法、合路调度算法等关键技术进行了详细说明。同时，文中给出了该方案在嫦娥四号在轨的验证情况，结果表明，在数传通信速率受限的情况下该方案实现了降落相机图像的存储管理和可视化下传，具有实时性高、速率自适应、图像下传完整等特点，可以为其他航天器数据管理系统设计提供参考。     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

简谐激励下大型低温贮箱防晃设计

针对某大型低温贮箱,基于水平环形防晃板和竖直防晃板设计了一种布置于整个贮箱的固定结构防晃板,采用CFD软件Flow-3D数值模拟了一定简谐激励下,不同充注率时该防晃板的防晃效果.通过与液面水平环形防晃板对比发现:两种结构防晃效果相近,均可以显著抑制不同充注率下液体的质量中心波动范围.当充注率为50%时,两防晃结构甚至可以使波动范围减小64%;在晃动过程中,相比于液面水平环形防晃板,固定结构防晃板中单层水平环形防晃板的受力更小,但是贮箱受到的压力会有所增加;对比相同面积液面水平环形防晃板和竖直防晃板的防晃效果,液面水平环形防晃板优势更加明显;随着充注率的增大,液体在贮箱内晃动时液体的质量中心波动范围逐渐减小.     

行星着陆大气进入段自适应滑模抗扰控制方法

针对行星探测器着陆过程可能存在的干扰影响着陆精度问题，提出了一种抗干扰控制方法。首先建立行星探测器着陆控制模型，利用非线性干扰观测器实现对系统外部干扰的估计；在此基础上提出一种自适应滑模控制律，使得系统状态快速收敛到平衡点附近。最后，将该方法应用于火星着陆场景进行仿真。结果表明，提出的自适应滑模控制方法能够在未知扰动存在的情况下，有效实现行星探测器安全着陆，提高着陆任务的成功率。     

亚声速二喉道流场不对称现象研究

为满足未来我国先进飞行器的发展需求，我国将考虑建设大型跨声速风洞，提高风洞试验模拟精细化水平。而第二喉道作为风洞 Ma 数控制的有效手段，被认为是提升跨声速风洞能力的关键技术之一。本文首先通过CFD 数值模拟发现了二喉道段流场在某些压比下存在不对称现象，然后，利用现有引导风洞，设计加工了 Ma＝0．7的带可变中心体的二喉道段进行验证试验。试验结果显示，当前室总压达到某一值时，二喉道段流场会出现不对称现象，并前传影响试验段流场品质。最后利用 CFD 手段给出了一种无不对称现象的新型二喉道设计。     

PWM变频器供电的感应电机传热特性

为了探究电动机在脉宽调(Pulse width modulation，PWM)变频器供电下的传热特性，近一步揭示变频参数（调制比）对电动机温升分 布的影响特征,以一台采用PWM变频器供电下55 kW驱动用感应电机为例，基于流体力学及传热学基本原理，结合电机通风结构特征，建立外部包裹有空气域的三维流热耦合求解域模型，并采用有限体积元法对电机内的温度场进行了数值研究。此外，针对PWM不同调制比控制条件下电动机全域内的传热特性进行了对比分析，结果表明：两个不同调制比控制条件下电机求解域 内各主要部件温升分布趋势大致相同；径向上，转子部分温升较高，在气隙位置温升出现阶跃式变化，定子部分温升较低；轴向上，电机各部分近风端温升较低，远风端温升较高；周向上，定子轭部温升呈波浪式变化。     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

电传飞机低阶等效系统频域辨识新方法

针对带有复杂电传飞控系统飞机的飞行品质评估难题，提出了采用Chirp-Z方法将时域信号变换至频域，并在此基础上利用频域方程误差法（Equation error method,EEM）和输出误差法（Output error method,OEM）相结合辨识电传飞机低阶等效系统（Low order equivalent system,LOES）参数的新方法，并以低阶等效系统辨识的标准算例（F-14飞机经典算例）进行验算。结果表明本文所提出的低阶等效系统辨识新方法正确、辨识精度高，可以应用于工程实践。