一种用于深空探测的Chirp变换频谱分析仪设计与实现

根据深空探测对频谱分析仪抗辐射、高分辨率、低功耗的需求，研究一种基于Chirp变换的高分辨率频谱分析仪设计及其实现.利用中心频率为1GHz、带宽为400MHz、色散时间为10μs的声表面波滤波器，提出了一种模拟和数字相结合的高分辨率频谱分析仪设计方案，并搭建原理实验系统完成了实测验证，其分析带宽为400MHz，频率分辨率达到152kHz，功耗约为3.6W.分析了压缩线器件非理想特性对频率分辨率的影响，利用实测压缩线频率响应特性获得幅度和相位补偿曲线，对展宽线信号进行幅相失配补偿.仿真结果表明，该补偿方法可将频率分辨率提高至108kHz.      

非线性能量阱对飞轮振动抑制效果的实验研究

利用薄片金属梁作为非线性刚度元件，构建一种非线性能量阱。为了验证非线性能量阱对飞轮振动特性的抑制效果，搭建地面飞轮测试系统。分别采用力锤敲击和飞轮以恒定转速运行的方法施加不同载荷，对安装非线性能量阱前后测试系统各典型位置的振动响应进行对比研究。利用实测数据，采用傅里叶变换方法将动态响应信息分别在时间域和频率域内展开。研究表明：力锤敲击产生的冲击载荷和飞轮以恒定转速运行产生的稳态载荷均可以激发非线性能量阱定向能量传输；受非线性能量阱的影响，柔性支架设备安装面和飞轮安装面振动响应得到有效抑制。但是，由于非线性能量阱阻尼和吸振子质量较小，不同程度削弱了其振动抑制效果。     

A concept mission for the Stellar Population and Evolution with Cubesats (SPEC)

Binary or multiple stellar systems, constituting almost a third of the content of the Milky Way, represent a high priority astronomical target due to their repercussions on the stellar dynamical and evolutionary parameters. Moreover the spectral study of such class of stars allows to better constrain the evolutionary theories of the Galactic stellar populations. By resolving the members of stellar systems through photometric observations we are able to perform more detailed measurements to infer their mass. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of a cubesat based mission including an optical payload to directly optically discriminate the members of a selected sample of binary systems. The scientific targets, consisting 11?M class dwarf stars binary systems, have been extracted from the already studied Riaz catalogue. These subset has been selected considering the star distance, the members angular separation, and the distance from the Galactic plane (due to limit the background and foreground contamination). The satellite concept is based on a 6 unit Cubesat embedding some commercial off the shelf components and an ad hoc designed optical payload occupying almost 4 units. The optical configuration has been chosen in order to fit the angular resolution requirements, as derived from the target characteristics. Moreover, according to the optical analysis and the computed field of view some requirements on the attitude control system have been inferred and fulfilled by the component selection. The paper is organized as in the following: a brief scientific introduction is made; consequently the project is described with particular attention to the optical design and the standard sub-systems; finally the conclusions are drawn and the future perspectives are investigated.     

High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

散射对高温气体-碳黑颗粒混合物辐射传输的影响

基于全光谱k分布(Full spectrum k distribution,FSK)模型、MIE理论和有限体积法(Finite volume method,FVM),构建了均温、均质辐射参与性气体-碳黑颗粒混合物介质热辐射传输模型,并分析了碳黑不同尺寸、不同体积浓度以及介质不同路径长度和不同温度条件下,因忽略碳黑颗粒散射所导致的介质热辐射传输特性(如辐射热流、辐射源项)的计算误差。研究结果表明:体积分数不变,增大粒径,计算误差呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;数密度不变,增大粒径,或者粒径不变,增大体积分数,均将使得计算误差相应增大;粒径、体积分数不变,增大路径长度,或者升高介质温度,均将增大计算误差。通常对于含有大颗粒、高碳黑浓度的辐射参与性气体-碳黑颗粒混合物介质,碳黑颗粒散射不能忽略。     

高温铝合金电磁超声检测回波特性及因素分析

针对高温铝合金在线检测条件下，温度对铝合金电磁超声检测回波特性的影响规律尚不明确、高温检测时缺陷定量/定位补偿困难这一难题，以螺旋线圈电磁超声换能器（EMAT）为例，建立了高温铝合金EMAT检测过程的场路耦合有限元模型；研究了温度对EMAT激励/接收换能效率、EMAT激励/接收电路的功率分配特性、超声传播过程中的扩散/介质衰减特性、回波幅值和超声声速等因素的影响规律；研制了耐高温EMAT探头，对20~500℃高温铝合金试样进行了检测实验，并测定了高温铝合金的超声介质衰减系数和超声声速。在仿真和实验相结合的基础上，分析了高温检测时超声回波幅值变化特性及其影响因素。结果表明：对于铝合金这类非铁磁性金属材料，导致高温时超声回波幅值下降的主要原因是超声介质衰减系数随着温度的升高而增大，其次为高温时EMAT激励/接收电路的功率分配特性的改变。在激励EMAT在试样表面形成的洛伦兹力不变的条件下，其所激励的超声波回波幅值具有随着温度的增加而增加的特点，可以有效减缓超声回波幅值下降的趋势。     

基于相对最值点的最小二乘直线检测方法

为了解决传统目标检测中遇到的检测速度慢、精度低等问题，本文提出一种新的图像特征——相对最值点，并依据相对最值点提出一种新的最小二乘直线检测的方法。该方法首先搜索Canny边缘的闭合包络，并寻找闭合包络的相对最值点。包络上相邻相对最值点之间长度满足阈值要求的即为疑似直线的两端点，进而利用最小二乘拟合方法获得该疑似直线的拟合方差，最后利用拟合方差与拟合直线长度之比作为直线判定的标准用来检测出图像中的直线。实验表明，本方法与传统方法如PPHT直线检测、LSD直线检测方法等相比，检测直线的精度更高，检测速度更快。     

基于不确定性的飞行器分离可靠性建模与分析方法

为实现飞行器分离任务可靠性的定量分析和高效精确评估，研究了高超声速飞行器分离任务过程中各种不确定性因素对分离可靠性的影响，提出一种基于不确定性的飞行器分离可靠性建模与分析方法。面向高超声速飞行器分离任务需求，建立分离动力学仿真模型，综合考虑分离过程不确定性因素的影响，利用灵敏度分析方法识别主要不确定性因素，构建分离可靠性模型。针对此模型，提出一种改进主动学习Kriging(IAK)的分离可靠性分析方法，通过新的采样策略选取失效概率更大的采样点作为新增训练点，进行高效可靠性分析。实例结果表明，该方法能够准确描述不确定性因素对分离过程的影响，提升分离可靠性定量分析的精度和效率，为飞行器分离方案的精细化设计提供支撑。     

脉冲电流大厚度电解线切割加工试验

航空航天难加工材料直纹面构件的高精度高表面完整性加工已经成为制造领域普遍关注和亟需解决的难题，电解线切割加工在高表面完整性要求加工场合上具有原理性优势。建立脉冲电流电解线切割加工模型，分析了工件厚度变化带来的影响。试验结果表明：随着工件厚度增加，电解液电阻减小，工件两端极间电压减小，加工缝宽变窄；双电层时间常数增大，脉宽时间内充电所能达到的电位降低，有效加工时间变短，平均电流密度较低；脉冲频率大于20 kHz时，最大进给速度随频率增加而快速减小，低于20 kHz时，最大加工速度差别较小。最后，采用脉冲频率20 kHz，以进给速度4 μm/s稳定加工出20 mm厚榫头/榫槽结构，表面粗糙度约为0.449 4 μm，表面质量、加工效率明显高于100 kHz加工效果。     

高精度盘式永磁电机温度分析与研究

以高精度无槽盘式永磁电机为研究对象,建立了电机三维电磁仿真模型。详细分析了该电机反电动势和转矩特性,避免由高次谐波引起的定、转子及永磁体涡流损耗,有效改善了电机的热性能,为进一步研究打下基础。建立了三维温度场仿真模型,分析了热源分布和传热过程,计算了电机在自然散热条件下温度的稳态分布。最后通过电机温升试验,验证了理论分析的正确性与合理性。