大型客机信息化研制支撑体系架构研究

大型客机的研制具有复杂程度高、技术难度大、协作范围广等特点，随着研制要求的不断提高与研制范围的不断扩大，传统研制模式已经发生重大转变，需要将信息化技术融入大型客机研制过程，以提高大型客机的研制质量和效率。本文提出了大型客机信息化研制支撑体系的基本概念以及总体架构，包括业务应用平台、数据管理平台、基础技术平台，并通过产品生命周期、管理业务流程、产业价值链3个方面的应用管理，可实现对大型客机研制过程的有效支撑。经过实际型号工程研制的验证，该体系能够支撑大型客机研制的全过程，大幅度地提高研制质量、缩短研制周期、降低研制成本。     

评定飞行品质的等效系统法

 一、概述 飞机设计的最终目的是为了获得具有良好的静、动态飞行品质,并能完成规定飞行任务的飞机。目前衡量飞行品质好坏的规范是MIL-F-8785C,该规范给出了飞行包线内飞机的静态控制品质、动态响应品质、对大气紊流的响应品质以及驾驶员的操纵要求等项规定。飞行控制系统设计者最关心的是动态响应品质。目前有多种确定飞机动态响     

Nonlinear adaptive flight control system: Performance enhancement and validation

The problem of decreasing stability margins in L₁ adaptive control systems is discussed and an out-of-loop L₁ adaptive control scheme based on Lyapunov’s stability theorem is proposed. This scheme enhances the effectiveness of the adaptation, which ensures that the system has sufficient stability margins to achieve the desired performance under parametric uncertainty, additional delays, and actuator faults. The stability of the developed control system is demonstrated through a series of simulations. Compared with an existing control scheme, the constant adjustment of the stability margins by the proposed adaptive scheme allows their range to be extended by a factor of 4–5, bringing the stability margin close to that of variable gain PD control with adaptively scheduled gains. The engineered practicability of adaptive technology is verified. A series of flight tests verify the practicability of the designed adaptive technology. The results of these tests demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed control scheme with nonlinear parameter estimations under insufficient stability margins and validate its robustness in the event of actuator failures.     

Distributed event-triggered adaptive control for second-order nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems

In this paper, the event-triggered consensus control problem for nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems subject to unknown parameters and external disturbances is considered. The dynamics of subsystems are second-order with similar structures, and the nodes are connected by undirected graphs. The event-triggered mechanisms are not only utilized in the transmission of information from the controllers to the actuators, and from the sensors to the controllers within each agent, but also in the communication between agents. Based on the adaptive backstepping method, extra estimators are introduced to handle the unknown parameters, and the measurement errors that occur during the event-triggered communication are well handled by designing compensating terms for the control signals. The presented distributed event-triggered adaptive control laws can guarantee the boundness of the consensus tracking errors and the Zeno behavior is avoided. Meanwhile, the update frequency of the controllers and the load of communication burden are vastly reduced. The obtained control protocol is further applied to a multi-input multi-output second-order nonlinear multi-agent system, and the simulation results show the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed method.     

移动代理(MA)综述

随着网络规模的日益扩大，如何保证网络管理系统的可扩展性和高效率性已成为网络管理人员迫切需要解决的问题。移动代理技术是新型的分布计算技术，具有很好的应用前景。移动代理系统是实现移动代理应用的基础框架。文章简述了移动代理(mobile agent)的定义和特点、代理的分类及移动代理的实现语言、以及移动的分类和移动机制；还提出了移动代理的特有技术优势，并对其发展前景进行了展望。文章在论述移动代理系统基本组成的同时，对IBM的移动代理平台aglet系统进行了介绍。     

Extensions in adaptive model tracking with mitigated passivity conditions

Feasibility of nonlinear and adaptive control methodologies in multivariable linear timeinvariant systems with state space realization {A, B, C} has apparently been limited by the standard strict passivity (or positive realness) conditions that imply that the product CB must be positive definite symmetric. More recently the symmetry condition has been mitigated, requiring instead that the not necessarily symmetric matrix CB be diagonalizable and with positive real eigenvalues. However, although the mitigated conditions are useful in proving pure stabilizability with Adaptive Controllers, the Model Tracking question has remained open and counterexamples seem to demonstrate total divergence of standard model reference adaptive controllers when the regular passivity conditions are not fully satisfied. Therefore, this paper further extends the previous results, showing that the new passivity conditions do guarantee stability with adaptive model tracking. Examples show how the new conditions solve the case of flexible structures with unknown parameters when perfect collocation is not possible. Also, the so-called counterexamples become simple, well-behaved, examples.     

基于系统工程 V模型的航空发动机正向设计方法

针对国内航空发动机研制面临需求分析和需求验证薄弱、正向研发能力欠缺的情况,在民用飞机及系统开发指南要求的基础上,构建了基于系统工程 V模型的航空发动机正向设计流程,从需求定义、需求分析、需求确认、功能分析、功能危害性分析、逻辑架构设计、物理架构设计与权衡、设计实现、系统安全性评估及产品集成与验证等方面开展航空发动机的正向设计。将建立的基于系统工程 V模型的航空发动机正向设计流程应用到某型航空发动机的设计中,利用 DOORS软件进行航空发动机设计的需求定义,采用故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)法进行系统安全性评估,有效提高了航空发动机正向设计的能力和水平。对于提升航空发动机研制质量,交付满足用户需求的航空发动机产品具有重要意义。     

State of the art in adaptive control of robotic systems

An up-to-date assessment of adaptive control technology as applied to robotics is presented. Although the field is relatively new and does not yet represent a mature discipline, considerable attention for the design of sophisticated robot controllers has occurred. In this presentation, adaptive control methods are divided into model reference adaptive systems and self-tuning regulators with further definition of various approaches given in each class. The similarity and distinct features of the designed controllers are delineated and tabulated to enhance comparative review     

研发阶段涡扇发动机模型自适应方法

为了实现研发阶段涡扇发动机整机试验数据的快速评估和模型自适应,提出一种发动机模型自适应方法。该方法以整机试验数据为输入,结合气动热力过程约束方程和发动机整机匹配约束条件,重构出各部件的性能参数。文中提出了按照高压涡轮导向器喉部流通能力确定核心机流量的方法,并以载荷系数为媒介实现叶轮机械部件参数修正计算,完成了小涵道比涡扇发动机的自适应建模计算。计算结果表明,17个测量参数与计算结果完全一致,该方法完成单个状态点自适应计算的平均时间约为1.44ms,主要部件特性的修正系数在0.95～1.05。采用该方法计算的部件特性参数自适应修正系数可为发动机性能调试和故障诊断提供依据。     

飞机发动机零部件结构完整性的概率R6评定

从飞机发动机零部件的结构完整性问题出发,以概率 R6结构完整性评定为重点论述了结构完整性评定方法。结果表明 :运用概率 R6评定方法不仅能较准确地描述评定对象的结构完整性状态,而且可以定量地分析不同参数对结构完整性的影响,并据此制定出切实可行的结构完整性保障措施。同时针对飞机发动机零部件结构完整性评定中应着重解决的问题阐述了作者的观点     

Modeling and parameter identification of linear time-varying systems based on adaptive chirplet transform under random excitation

In this paper, a time–frequency algorithm based on adaptive chirplet transform for parameter modeling and identification of Linear Time-Varying (LTV) systems under random excitation is presented. It is assumed that the solution of responses of LTV structures is expressed as the sum of multicomponent Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals in a short-time. Then the measured acceleration response is used to perform the adaptive chirplet transform, in which an integral algorithm is employed to reconstruct the velocity and displacement responses. The vibration differential equation with time-varying coefficients is transformed into a simple linear equation. Furthermore, for systems under random excitation, the input–output relation based on correlation function is also derived to estimate the parameters including physicals parameters and instantaneous modal parameters. The full procedure of the method is presented and validated by using simulated responses. The results show that the presented method is accurate and robust for various LTV systems under random excitation.     

自适应变结构神经网络在航空发动机故障诊断上的应用

根据样本空间的内积特性,提出一种无需迭代学习的自适应变结构神经网络。它的特点是学习速度快,准确性高,且能根据出现的新样本,随时改变结构。在对某型航空发动机故障诊断中,比原软件包采用的方法在准确性方面有显着提高,而且维护工作量减少,并具有实时处理能力,因此有着良好的推广应用前景。      

空间飞行器抓捕非合作目标后的复合控制

随着空间技术的不断发展，空间飞行器抓取非合作目标的稳定控制技术变得日益重要。基于拉格朗日动力学原则对空间飞行器进行动力学建模，考虑了非合作目标的未知参数、空间飞行器模型的不确定性及存在外部干扰的情况，理论分析了自适应控制及基于非线性干扰观测控制的可行性，并对比了二者的优缺点。在此基础上提出了一种可以在线精确估计非合作目标未知参数的复合控制方法，并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明，所提方法能够将所有参数的估计误差限制在很小的范围内，相对于自适应控制方法有了显著改善。     

An IPC-based Prolog design pattern for integrating backward chaining inference into applications or embedded systems

Prolog is one of the most important candidates to build expert systems and AI-related programs and has potential applications in embedded systems. However, Prolog is not suitable to develop many kinds of components, such as data acquisition and task scheduling, which are also crucial. To make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, it is attractive to integrate Prolog with programs developed by other languages. In this paper, an IPC-based method is used to integrate backward chaining inference implemented by Prolog into applications or embedded systems. A Prolog design pattern is derived from the method for reuse, whose principle and definition are provided in detail. Additionally, the design pattern is applied to a target system, which is free software, to verify its feasibility. The detailed implementation of the application is given to clarify the design pattern. The design pattern can be further applied to wide range applications and embedded systems and the method described in this paper can also be adopted for other logic programming languages.     

Model-free adaptive optimal design for trajectory tracking control of rocket-powered vehicle

An adaptive optimal trajectory tracking controller is presented for the Solid-Rocket-Powered Vehicle (SRPV) with uncertain nonlinear non-affine dynamics in the framework of adaptive dynamic programming. First, considering that the ascent model of the SRPV is non-affine, a model-free Single Network Adaptive Critic (SNAC) method is developed based on the dynamic neural network and the traditional SNAC method. This developed model-free SNAC method overcomes the limitation of the traditional SNAC method that can only be applied to affine systems. Then, a closed-form adaptive optimal controller is designed for the non-affine dynamics of SRPVs. This controller can adjust its parameters under different flight conditions and converge to the approximate optimal controller through online self-learning. Finally, the convergence to the approximate optimal controller is proved. The theoretical analysis of the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the tracking error is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

电液力伺服系统的神经网络并行自适应预测 PI 控制

考虑电液伺服系统的复杂非线性和不确定性特性,提出一类基于神经网络的并行自适应预测PI控制结构,该结构使控制参数的调整和系统的实时控制操作可并行进行,不仅做到了神经模型和控制器的在线辨识和设计,而且避免了神经网络方法通常存在的实时控制的困难,使复杂系统的在线学习控制成为可能。仿真结果表明该控制器具有良好的适应性和鲁棒性。      

异构多导弹系统自适应分布式协同制导

针对异构多导弹系统的分布式协同制导问题,在传统比例导引律的基础上设计出一类领航跟随分布式协同制导律。运用代数图论、分布式网络同步原理以及非线性系统一致性理论,领弹采用基于固定系数的比例导引律,从弹采用基于可变系数的参数自适应比例导引律。该领航-跟随分布式自适应协同制导律可使领弹和从弹实现对目标的同时攻击,且各相邻导弹间仅传输各自的可测状态信息,算法具有较低的通信代价和较好的可扩展性。最后给出了相关数值仿真算例,仿真结果验证了控制算法的有效性。     

An adaptive turbo-shaft engine modeling method based on PS and MRR-LSSVR algorithms

In order to establish an adaptive turbo-shaft engine model with high accuracy, a new modeling method based on parameter selection (PS) algorithm and multi-input multi-output recursive reduced least square support vector regression (MRR-LSSVR) machine is proposed. Firstly, the PS algorithm is designed to choose the most reasonable inputs of the adaptive module. During this process, a wrapper criterion based on least square support vector regression (LSSVR) machine is adopted, which can not only reduce computational complexity but also enhance generalization performance. Secondly, with the input variables determined by the PS algorithm, a mapping model of engine parameter estimation is trained off-line using MRR-LSSVR, which has a satisfying accuracy within 5&. Finally, based on a numerical simulation platform of an integrated helicopter/ turbo-shaft engine system, an adaptive turbo-shaft engine model is developed and tested in a certain flight envelope. Under the condition of single or multiple engine components being degraded, many simulation experiments are carried out, and the simulation results show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed adaptive modeling method.     

Capture and detumbling control for active debris removal by a dual-arm space robot

Active debris removal (ADR) technology is an effective approach to remediate the proliferation of space debris, which seriously threatens the operational safety of orbital spacecraft. This study aims to design a controller for a dual-arm space robot to capture tumbling debris, including capture control and detumbling control. Typical space debris is considered as a non-cooperative target, which has no specific capture points and unknown dynamic parameters. Compliant clamping control and the adaptive backstepping-based prescribed trajectory tracking control (PTTC) method are proposed in this paper. First, the differential geometry theory is utilized to establish the constraint equations, the dynamic model of the chaser-target system is obtained by applying the Hamilton variational principle, and the compliance clamping controller is further designed to capture the non-cooperative target without contact force feedback. Next, in the post-capture phase, an adaptive backstepping-based PTTC is proposed to detumble the combined spacecraft in the presence of model uncertainties. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed capture and detumbling control method. Simulation results indicate that the target detumbling achieved by the PTTC method can reduce propellant consumption by up to 24.11%.     

结构优化专家系统开发工具

结合结构优化领域知识特点,定义了一种基于规则的知识表示语言。着重介绍在计算机上实现结构优化专家系统开发工具的基本算法和数据结构。对推理、匹配,回溯和知识获取等功能的实现方法作了详细的阐述。该工具是建立结构优化专家系统的一部分辅助工作。该工具亦可用于类似知识结构的专业领域。