一种微小型平板式热管的传热性能分析

对一种微小型平板式热管的传热特性在自然对流和强制对流冷却条件下进行了试验研究.并与同尺寸实心铝板的传热性能进行了试验对比.分析了加热功率、冷却强度的变化对平板热管传热性能的影响规律.结果表明:该微小型平板式热管具有良好的启动特性和均温特性.该平板热管的当量导热系数可达到其管壳材料导热系数的12.7倍,强化传热能力的效果相当明显,又克服了传统平板热管抗压能力较差、无法加工较大散热面积的弱点,在电子设备的散热冷却领域具有良好的应用前景.      

容器热物性参数对蓄热系统性能影响的数值研究

建立了分析潜热蓄热系统蓄热性能的二维数学模型,并进行了数值计算.其中考虑了容器壁面的导热,且相变传热只考虑导热模型,对相变材料(PCM)相变过程的求解采用解耦法计算模型.对几种不同材料容器内PCM熔化过程进行了数值计算比较,结果表明,容器材料的导热系数、比热容和密度等热物性参数对PCM的熔化有很大的影响.此外还对不同初始温度和边界壁温对PCM熔化的影响进行了数值计算.所得结论对潜热蓄热系统的热性能及其优化设计有一定的指导作用.      

太阳能热动力系统吸热/蓄热器能量分析

空间太阳能热动力发电系统是一种新型的空间电力系统。吸热 /蓄热器是热动力发电系统关键部件之一。吸热 /蓄热器采用的蓄热方式是相变蓄热。通过对吸热 /蓄热器的能量分析 ,可以很好的了解吸热器的能量传递 ,以及相变材料的工作过程。建立了太阳能热动力发电系统吸热器腔体辐射模型 ,结合换热管的传热模型计算了吸热器的传热过程。得到了吸热器的能量损失、工质吸收能量、PCM的潜热储能和显热储能等重要指标 ,并且得到了换热管最大温度 ,工质出口温度等重要结果。计算结果可以用于吸热器的设计     

相变调温服相变传热研究(英文)

为了研究相变调温服的热防护性能,介绍了人体热调节模型,利用焓法建立了相变传热数学模型。在整个区域建立统一的能量方程,采用控制容积有限差分法对方程进行隐式离散,用追赶法求解方程组得到各节点的焓值,求出相变材料内表面的温度。通过相变调温服人体热调节模型,计算出人体的动态温度分布及出汗量。计算结果表明,核心温度的变化与试验结果相符,出汗量相差不大,所建相变传热模型合理可靠。通过比较人体穿着相变调温服和未穿该服装时的动态温度分布及出汗量,可以看到穿着相变调温服能显著地减轻人体的热负荷。     

空间站太阳能吸热器蓄热性能地面模拟试验

利用相变材料 (PCM)的熔化潜热来蓄热可以保证空间站太阳能热动力系统在轨道的阴影期内仍能连续发电。针对这一核心技术 ,建立了空间太阳能吸热 -储热器单元换热器地面模拟实验台。在模拟轨道条件下 ,对不同入射热流、不同工质进口温度及不同工质流量进行了多种组合测试。结果表明 ,单管工质气体的出口温升在轨道的日照期和阴影期都达到了预期的要求 ,相变材料容器的最高温度和平均温度都处于材料的安全范围内。     

空间发电系统热能储存容器的二维模型

高温熔盐相变储热是空间太阳能热动力发电系统的关键技术之一。基于微重力状态下的传热控制微分方程, 采用焓法对相变材料容器进行了二维数值分析。建立了一种新的空穴模型, 改进了以往的模拟计算, 对计算结果给予了讨论。      

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

2.5D编织结构复合材料温度场特征研究

考虑到编织结构陶瓷基复合材料（CMC）在涡轮叶片等航空发动机高温部件应用时，材料内部编织结构特征会导致高温部件的温度场存在波动性。为了研究复合材料温度场的波动特征，以2.5D编织结构复合材料为例，分别建立了基于等效导热系数的均匀化平板模型和基于材料全尺寸细观编织结构的平板模型，计算对比了两种平板模型的温度场分布及内部热量传输特征，同时探究了材料内部编织结构的角度、纤维束轴向与径向导热系数比、纤维束与基体导热系数比等材料结构特征参数和热物性特征参数对材料表面温度波动的影响规律，并开展了编织结构平板的温度场测试实验。研究结果表明：与基于等效导热系数计算得到的平板温度场相比，基于全尺寸编织结构平板模型得到的温度场存在明显的波动特征，当平板内部平均温度梯度为25383K/m时，表面温度波动幅值达到12.41K，表面最高温度由906.96K增加到911.60K，并且在平板内部热量的传输方向沿着纱线发生明显的偏转。同时，随着纱线编织角度的增加，材料表面温度波动幅值下降，但表面的高温区域增加，沿着经纱轴向的温度波动频次增加。随着纤维束轴径向导热系数比的增加，材料表面的高温区域基本不变，温度波动幅值小幅下降，均匀性增强；随着纤维束与基体导热系数比的增加，材料表面的高温区域增加，温度波动幅值降幅较大，均匀性得到较大提高。在本文的研究范围内，当边界温度达到1600K时，基于等效导热系数的方法无法准确地预估复合材料的温度场。     

Heat Absorbing and Releasing Experiments with Improved Phase-change Thermal Storage Canisters

This article, based on authors' long-term study, proposes an improved foamed-Ni-packed phase-change thermal storage canister, which takes advantage of the foamed-Ni characteristic of instinctive porous structure and excellent properties to ameliorate its void distribution and thermal conductivity. The improved canister and the unimproved one without foamed-Ni package, are put to heat absorbing and releasing tests to investigate the effects of heat absorbing temperature upon the phase-change materials (PCM) melting time under three temperature schemes by using platinum resistance thermometers (PT100) and data acquisition modules (ADAM-4000) to gather the data of varying temperature. Afterwards, the computerized tomography (CT) is employed to scan the void distribution in both canisters. Compared to the unimproved canister, the experimental results evidence the superiority of the improved one in higher uniformity in void and temperature distribution as well as faster thermal responses.     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

车用液冷机壳电机定子绕组热性能直接设计法

电动汽车驱动电机极力追求高密度轻量小型化,不断推进电机的冷却散热与热传导技术的进步与发展。为此,开展车用驱动电机的电-磁-热一体化设计方法研究,通过构建一种工程化定子热路模型提出了定子绕组热性能直接设计法及其关键热参数,并直接融入电磁设计中,强化热性能设计的同时也弥补了传统电磁设计热负荷AJ值评估热性能的缺陷。通过快速评估电机的热传导能力和绕组温升,可评估比较不同设计方案的热性能,得到电-磁-热一体化设计的最佳解决方案,从而提升电机持续运行的输出转矩。采用定子绕组热性能直接设计法,改进设计了一台液冷机壳车用永磁同步驱动电机样机,显著降低了定子绕组温升。样机温升试验验证了定子绕组热性能直接设计法及其关键热参数评估热性能的有效性。     

金属热防护系统多层隔热材料的稳态传热分析

采用能量平衡方程和两热流密度近似法建立了金属热防护系统多层隔热材料的稳态传热的数学模型,并利用测量多层隔热材料单元的有效导热系数的实验和遗传算法对纤维隔热材料的辐射衰减系数和隔热屏表面辐射发射系数这两个热物参数进行了优化,最后用实验测得的多层隔热材料的有效导热系数验证了采用优化后参数的多层隔热材料的稳态传热模型的正确性.     

航空煤油RP-3结焦产物的物性

在环境温度为800K和900K条件下,获取RP-3航空煤油结焦产物,通过试验获得表观形貌及物性,拟合了结焦产物的比热容和导热系数随温度变化的经验关系式。结果表明:航空煤油结焦产物的微观结构为球状颗粒堆积且表面存在可见孔隙,表观密度约为1 049kg/m~3,真密度约为1 498kg/m~3,孔隙率约为29.9%,环境温度为800K下生成的油焦真密度较900K下生成的小;通过闪光法测得油焦比热容约为1.1~2.2J/(g·K),导热系数约为0.19~0.28W/(m·K),比热容和导热系数均随着温度的升高而增加,环境温度为800K下生成的油焦比热容和导热系数较在900K条件下生成的略大。     

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

高温相变单元管蓄热过程数值模拟

对以高温共晶盐 Li F-Ca F2 为相变材料 (PCM)和以干空气为工质的相变蓄热系统 ,采用焓方法建立了以控制体单元为对象的单管相变蓄热模型。在模拟空间站太阳能吸热 /储热器轨道运行参数下进行了数值计算。计算结果与地面模拟试验数据进行了比较 ,吻合良好。     

Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

空间站高温固液相变蓄热容器的实验研究

相变材料(PCM)容器是空间太阳能动力装置吸热—储热器的关键部件。吸热器的蓄/放热性能及其寿命取决于PCM容器的设计与制造是否可靠。文中对PCM容器的结构设计及其制造工艺、PCM的充装工艺、PCM的熔化—凝固特性和空穴的形成、PCM熔点及相变潜热的测量以及PCM与容器材料的相容性这些关键问题进行了试验研究。      

镍基高温合金GH536的热疲劳行为

燃烧室火焰筒作为航空发动机的热端关键结构件，在工作过程中受到复杂的循环温度载荷，使其承受热疲劳损伤.对火焰筒常用镍基高温合金GH536的热疲劳行为进行试验研究.根据火焰筒结构和载荷特征，设计了中心孔平板试样以及热疲劳试验，研究了热疲劳载荷条件下GH536平板的裂纹萌生及扩展规律，揭示了GH536的热疲劳破坏机理.研究发现:①热疲劳裂纹以穿晶模式萌生，以沿晶方式扩展并断裂；②随着热疲劳试验中上限温度的升高，裂纹的萌生寿命缩短，裂纹扩展速率加快，试样在800℃时的热疲劳裂纹萌生寿命是900℃裂纹萌生寿命的4.5倍.      

涂层材料瞬态传热实验与导热系数辨识

针对涂层-基体一体化的双层结构,为测试评估其中涂层材料的导热性能,提出基于瞬态平面热源法（transient plane source, TPS）的涂层材料导热系数反演辨识方法。根据Hot-Disk实验测试原理,建立基体-涂层-探头整体的二维非稳态传热模型;结合测量过程中的瞬时温升数据信息,采用粒子群优化算法反演辨识获得涂层材料的导热系数;并通过实验和数值模拟论证了上述方法的可靠性。结果表明：该测量方法能够有效获得涂层导热系数,测试反演的数值偏差小于4.0%。最后,实际测量和反演辨识获得了一种涂层材料常温至773 K的导热系数,随温度提高呈现增大趋势,数值范围为0.18～0.29 W/(m·K)。     

二氧化硅气凝胶的等效热导率理论

应用分子运动论对二氧化硅气凝胶的传热机理进行了研究。根据其微观结构特点,建立了纳米孔隙模型。考虑气体分子间的相互作用力,推导了纳米孔隙内气体的热导率,得到了二氧化硅气凝胶内气体热导率的表达式。建立了二氧化硅气凝胶固相结构单元导热模型,运用分子运动论推导了固相结构的热导率,获得了二氧化硅气凝胶的总体等效热导率。结果表明,影响二氧化硅气凝胶内气体热导率的主要因素是气体的平均分子自由程与分子之间以及分子与壁面之间的相互作用,固相结构单元的直径和接触界面的直径是影响固相结构单元热导率的主要因素,而二氧化硅气凝胶孔隙尺寸的分布严重影响其等效热导率。