微型飞机降低重心位置对稳定性的影响

由于微型飞机有最大尺寸的限制,通常平尾/升降舵距离机翼和全机重心很近,造成气动效率和纵向静稳定性都比较低。研究了不使用平尾/升降舵、而是通过降低微型飞机重心位置来获得纵向静稳定性的思路。分析了重心低置情况下的纵向力矩平衡关系,推导了相应的纵向静稳定性的计算公式,并构造了计算模型和试飞样机进行实例分析。结果表明,通过降低重心位置可以有效地增大微型飞机的纵向静稳定性,并可以在没有平尾的情况下实现纵向力矩平衡和获得静稳定性。其静稳定性裕度可以通过重心与气动中心的纵向距离来调节。     

飞翼布局折叠机翼变体飞机操稳特性研究

为了研究飞翼布局折叠机翼变体飞机的操稳特性,自行设计飞翼布局折叠机翼变体飞机,建立研究模型并进行简化处理。采用涡格法和工程估算法对机翼折叠过程中飞机的纵向和横航向静稳定性进行分析;采用小扰动假设,将飞机扰动运动沿纵向和横航向解耦,分别得到纵向扰动运动和横航向扰动运动对应的模态,分析机翼折叠过程对飞机动稳定性的影响;结合工程估算法和CFD仿真分析机翼折叠过程对飞机操纵性的影响。飞行试验结果表明:在飞行中机翼折叠后,飞机有进入俯冲的趋势,随着配平舵偏角的增加,俯仰运动逐渐不够灵敏;在操纵杆量相同的情况下,机翼折叠状态的俯仰运动响应较快。     

中等后掠机翼平面参数设计与实验研究

采用Euler数值计算方法,对60多种中等后掠角及展弦比的切尖菱形机翼、双三角机翼纵向气动力特性进行了计算、分析和比较,从中筛选出16种切尖菱形机翼、14种双三角机翼进行了全机高速风洞实验研究,给出了机翼的展弦比、前缘后掠角、根梢比(后缘前掠角)及几何扭转变化对全机升力、阻力及俯仰力矩的影响曲线和数据分析,在此基础上提出了用于定量估算两类机翼纵向气动力特性的关系式及修正因子。本文研究结果为建立战斗机机翼气动力设计数据库及飞机气动布局设计提供了实用的数据和设计参考。     

Z型翼变体飞机的纵向多体动力学特性

机翼变形时,变体飞机的翼面积、惯性特性、全机焦点和重心位置等均会发生较大的变化,从而引起飞机的动态特性也随之改变。为此对机翼变形过程中的Z型翼变体飞机进行了纵向多体动力学建模仿真;推导了变形过程中变体飞机的六自由度非线性动力学方程,并通过简化得到了解耦后的纵向动力学方程。机翼折叠动态过程的气动特性数值模拟结果表明,不同折叠角速度下飞机的气动力相差不大。在机翼折叠角速度较小且忽略非定常气动效应的情况下,采用气动力准定常假设对变形过程中不同机翼折叠角速度下变体飞机的纵向响应进行了数值仿真,并研究了重心位置移动和气动特性变化对飞机变形过程动态特性的影响规律。结果表明,折叠过程中气动特性的变化是影响飞机动态特性的主要因素,机翼折叠后飞机的速度和迎角增加,且飞行高度下降较大。     

某型联翼布局无人机的气动计算与分析

与常规布局飞机相比,联翼布局飞机具有结构重量轻、抗弯扭强度大、诱导阻力低、升力系数大和稳定性好等优点。介绍一种高效的数值模拟方法,完成对某型联翼布局无人机气动特性的初步计算与分析。基于商业软件ANSYS,整个研究过程着重于从网格建模、全机流场模拟、气动模拟数据分析三个方面,探索该型无人机纵向、横向和航向的气动特性以及主操纵面的操纵效率,实现对该型无人机稳定性和操纵性能的表征与评估。结果表明:无人机升降舵偏角的变化不影响无人机的握杆静稳定度,并且在0°~25°的升降舵偏角(下偏)范围内,升降舵偏角与升降舵的升力系数基本呈线性变化;在-4°~12°的迎角范围内,随着迎角的不断增大,该型无人机的横向静稳定性水平越大;两个垂直翼和垂尾是产生航向静稳定性的主要部件。     

折叠机翼展开过程气动特性实验研究

针对某型无人机大展弦比折叠机翼展开过程,对其缩比模型在不同迎角、不同机翼掠角状态下的气动特性进行了风洞实验.实验结果表明,布局的气动外形满足巡航设计要求,纵向与横航向稳定性较好,多面组合式机身表面可为全机升力带来有利影响,研究结果可在无人机、巡飞导弹等研究领域得到应用.     

大飞机机翼结冰对飞行动力学特性影响研究

机翼结冰会严重影响飞机的气动特性,威胁飞行安全。采用线化小扰动分析方法和非线性全局稳定性分析方法,对大飞机机翼对称结冰情况下的飞行动力学特性展开研究。研究结果表明:机翼结冰主要影响飞机的升阻特性,使得平衡迎角和需用推力增大,临界迎角和运载能力下降,对起降特性尤为不利;在操稳特性方面,机翼结冰会影响纵向短周期模态自由振荡频率,在少数情况下会降低短周期模态的阻尼比,同时操纵升降舵以及水平安定面进行纵向操纵时,在少数飞行状态下会出现不稳定情况。     

前翼对飞机纵向气动特性和机翼载荷影响研究

利用ARGON和MGAERO计算了三翼面布局飞机气动特性和机翼载荷,给出了有前翼、无前翼布局全机气动特性和机翼环量分布。研究分析了前翼对全机气动特性、机翼分布载荷的影响规律,得到了一些重要的结论,可用于飞机型号设计。     

不同翼梢小翼对飞机横航向特性的影响

利用有限体积法离散可压缩Euler方程,计算了带5种不同类型翼梢小翼的全机高速巡航外形.重点研究了不同小翼对飞机横航向静稳定性、机翼压力中心移动量和侧滑时滚转力矩系数随迎角变化的影响规律.研究结果表明:(1)翼梢小翼均不降低飞机的横向静稳定性,都将降低飞机的航向稳定性;(2)翼梢小翼均使机翼压力中心向外移动,小后掠角的...     

双发飞翼布局保形尾喷管燃气舵概念设计

针对飞翼布局操纵效能低、稳定性差等不足,基于大展弦比双发动机布局飞翼无人机,开展了保形尾喷管燃气舵概念设计,分别设计了一种燃气方向舵与燃气升降舵。结合可靠的计算流体力学(CFD)计算方法,获取了全机纵向和横航向气动特性,并与常规气动舵设计进行了对比。研究表明:燃气方向舵比传统阻力方向舵具有更好的偏航操纵效率,且基本不影响全机升阻特性和俯仰力矩特性;燃气升降舵与内翼段开设升降舵时俯仰操纵效率接近,且在小迎角下具有显著的俯仰操纵效率,带来的附加阻力较小。     

折叠翼变体飞行器非定常气动特性实验研究

折叠翼变体飞行器是一种可以在飞行中改变自身气动外形的新型飞行器。研制出了一种折叠翼变体飞行器的风洞实验模型,在风洞实验中测得了模型不同变体位置下的气动力以及进行变体运动时气动力的动态变化过程,并通过PIV实验手段获得模型周围的流场在变体运动过程中的变化情况。结果表明：在机翼变形过程中,折叠翼模型有明显的非定常气动现象产生,而且折叠变形的速度越大,非定常现象越明显。出现非定常现象的主要原因是变体运动对机翼前缘涡的影响。     

折叠机翼变体飞机非对称变形控制效率分析

折叠机翼变体飞机变形量大,变形引起的气动参数变化显著,提出一种将非对称变形作为操纵输入的控制方案,研究非对称变形的控制效率和有效区间。首先建立能够完整描述变形过程的非线性动力学方程和气动力模型;然后基于非对称变形控制方法建立一种非对称变形操纵模型;最后通过与常规操纵面效率对比和仿真的动态响应总结出非对称变形操纵的最大变形操纵有效区间。结果表明:在较低飞行速度下非对称变形操纵效率高,非对称变形操纵能够在基准折叠角度90°附近提供最高的滚转操纵效率。     

Gain self-scheduled H_∞ control for morphing aircraft in the wing transition process based on an LPV model

This article investigates gain self-scheduled H 1 robust control system design for a tailless fold- ing-wing morphing aircraft in the wing shape varying process. During the wing morphing phase, the aircraft’s dynamic response will be governed by time-varying aerodynamic forces and moments. Nonlinear dynamic equations of the morphing aircraft are linearized by using Jacobian linearization approach, and a linear parameter varying (LPV) model of the morphing aircraft in wing folding is obtained. A multi-loop controller for the morphing aircraft is formulated to guarantee stability for the wing shape transition process. The proposed controller uses a set of inner-loop gains to provide stability using classical techniques, whereas a gain self-scheduled H 1 outer-loop controller is devised to guarantee a specific level of robust stability and performance for the time-varying dynamics. The closed-loop simulations show that speed and altitude vary slightly during the whole wing folding process, and they converge rapidly after the process ends. This proves that the gain self-scheduled H 1 robust controller can guarantee a satisfactory dynamic performance for the morphing aircraft during the whole wing shape transition process. Finally, the flight control system’s robustness for the wing folding process is verified according to uncertainties of the aerodynamic parameters in the nonlinear model.     

基于浮点编码遗传算法的行星轮系折叠机构优化设计

针对折叠机翼变体飞机,设计一种适合装配在变体飞机小空间的行星轮系折叠机构。在系统研究行星轮系设计目标、设计变量和约束条件的基础上,基于浮点编码遗传算法,使用MATLAB优化工具箱对其主要参数进行优化。结果表明：相对于安全系数法,浮点编码遗传算法可减轻结构重量16．7％,使折叠机构在满足设计指标的情况下达到质量最轻的目的;采用浮点编码遗传算法进行优化求解是行星轮系机构设计的一种行之有效的优化设计方法。     

Nonlinear hysteresis identification and compensation based on the discrete Preisach model of an aircraft morphing wing device manipulated by an SMA actuator

The conception of aircraft morphing wings thrives in aeronautics since the appearance of shape memory alloys(SMAs). An aircraft morphing wing device, manipulated by an SMA actuator, inherits the intrinsic nonlinear hysteresis from the SMA actuator, ending up with control disadvantages. Conventionally, systems with SMA actuators are constrained to bi-stable states to bypass the hysteresis region. Rather than retreating a morphing wing device to bi-stable states, this paper is dedicated to transcend the morphing wing device beyond the customary limit. A methodology of discrete Preisach modeling, which identifies the hysteresis of the morphing wing device, is proposed herein. An array of discrete equal-distance points is applied to the Preisach plane in order to derive the Preisach density over the partitioned unit of the Preisach plane. Discrete Preisach modeling is fulfilled by the discrete first-order reversible curve(DFORC). By utilizing the discrete Preisach model, the aircraft morphing wing device is simulated; the validity and accuracy of discrete Preisach modeling are demonstrated by contrasting the simulated outcome with experimental data of the major hysteretic loop and the wingspan-wise displacement over time; a comparison between simulation and experimental results exhibits consistency. Afterwards, a hysteresis compensation strategy put forward in this paper is implemented for quasi-linear control of the aircraft morphing wing device, which manifests a compensated shrinking hysteresis loop and attains the initiative of extending the morphing range to the intrinsic hysteretic region.     

伸缩机翼变形技术研究

变体飞机可以根据需要改变气动外形,以便在不同的飞行状态都能获得最佳的气动性能,提高飞机的任务适应能力。伸缩机翼变形技术在国外已经过几十年的研究和探索,是变体飞机技术的主要发展方向之一。本文综述了伸缩机翼技术的发展历史及国内外研究情况,阐述了伸缩机翼变形原理及其优缺点,提炼了设计伸缩机翼所涉及的关键技术,展望了伸缩机翼技术在飞机、导弹、地效翼飞行器以及飞行汽车等方面的应用前景。     

Continuous morphing trailing-edge wing concept based on multi-stable nanomaterial

Morphing technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the flight efficiency of aircraft. Traditional control surfaces based morphing method is mature and widely used on current civil and military aircraft, but insufficiently effective for the entire flight envelope. Recent research on morphing wing still faces the challenge that the skin material for morphing should be both deformable and stiff. In this study, a continuous morphing trailing-edge wing with a new multi-stable nano skin material fabricated using surface mechanical attrition treatment technology was proposed and designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the aerodynamic performance of the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing. Results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of deflection angle and so does the lift-drag ratio at a small angle of attack. More importantly, compared with the wing using flaps, the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing can reduce drag during the morphing process and its overall aerodynamic performance is improved at a large angle of attack range. Flow field analysis reveals that the continuous morphing method can delay flow separation in some situations.     

飞翼布局无人机变形机翼设计与模型验证研究

对飞翼布局无人机变形机翼和变形机翼传动机构进行了设计,根据设计结果制作验证模型进行风洞实验和外场飞行试验,以此研究伸缩段机翼对飞行器机翼整体气动性能的影响。结果表明:采用变形机翼技术,可以通过实时控制机翼的气动外形保持较高的气动效率,提高飞机在巡航状态下的升力和高速飞行状态下的机动性,满足飞机在各种任务剖面的战术性能要求。     

Prediction of transient responses of a folding wing during the morphing process

Accurate prediction of the structural dynamic characteristics of a folding wing during the morphing process is a prerequisite for performing transient aeroelastic analysis. In view of this fact, this paper develops a set of differential-algebraic equations that govern the time evolution of the folding wing during the morphing process by using the floating frame approach. Using the established equations of motion, the transient responses of the wing during the morphing process are computed. The developed equations can be further integrated with the CFD codes to carry out the transient aeroelastic analysis of the morphing wing.