可变形翼战术导弹飞行动力学联合仿真研究

基于集中质量假设发展的一套适于可变形翼导弹的多体运动模型,以附加惯性项及快变气动参数的形式来反映弹翼变形对导弹动态特性的影响,涉及交叉求解不同弹翼外形对应的气动特性及运动方程.由此提出的一种基于Missile DATCOM与MATLAB/SIMULlNK的联合仿真方法,应用于典型轴对称导弹的变翼动态特性研究中,快速有效...     

大后掠机翼外侧翼下导弹气动特性分析

位于大后掠翼战斗机机翼下的导弹,在飞行中受到的气动载荷,会对结构疲劳特性产生显著影响。为了研究导弹的气动载荷,建立了某型战斗机挂载导弹的气动仿真模型,设计了 3种导弹构型,分别为带前后弹翼导弹、只带后弹翼的导弹与只有弹体不带弹翼的导弹。对飞机翼下挂载 3种不同构型的导弹进行了气动特性的数值模拟与分析,并对比了导弹的气动载荷分布规律。计算结果表明:位于大后掠机翼下方的导弹,由于机翼下方的洗流作用,会受到较大的气动载荷,导弹的气动载荷以侧力和滚转及偏转力矩为主要分量；滚转力矩的方向会导致导弹与发射装置连接处靠近飞机对称面一侧受力较大,容易降低疲劳寿命；导弹的气动载荷主要由后弹翼产生,可在设计弹翼时适当减小后弹翼的面积,从而降低战斗机后掠翼洗流对翼下挂载导弹气动特性的影响。     

变展长战术导弹非定常气动特性研究

以某轴对称基准弹为模型,通过数值模拟对其进行了准定常和非定常气动特性研究,探索可变翼飞行器在变展长过程中的非定常气动特性。结果表明:在弹翼连续变展长的过程中,非定常气动特性曲线在对应的准定常气动特性曲线周围形成滞回环,若来流马赫数增大,则滞回环变小。当来流为超声速时,轴对称基准弹飞行迎角和变形周期对其非定常气动特性影响较小,而非定常气动特性并不显著,接近于准定常气动特性,在可变翼飞行器设计过程中可以忽略不计;当来流为亚声速时,展长变化对非定常气动特性有一定的影响,不能忽略。     

弹翼张开气动特性研究

导弹在高速飞行中的弹翼张开过程是一类非定常、非线性的复杂空气动力学问题。为了研究弹翼张开过程中的空气动力特性，我们在FL-1风洞开展了弹翼张开气动特性试验技术研究，并针对典型的折叠弹翼进行了风洞试验。试验结果表明，弹翼张开过程中，导弹的气动特性发生了显著变化，随着弹翼张开速度的增加，准静态试验的误差逐渐增大。     

远程民机变弯度机翼后缘外形变形矩阵气动设计

针对远程民机变弯度机翼后缘外形设计问题，从变形矩阵构建角度开展气动优化设计研究。参考指关节变形结构特点确定后缘变形外形参数化方法，基于代理优化算法，结合变形关联约束搭建了后缘外形变形矩阵气动优化设计流程，完成了以升力阶梯变化为特征的巡航任务剖面变形矩阵和由抖振点和阻力发散点构成的非巡航任务剖面变形矩阵的气动优化设计。研究表明，在巡航任务剖面，后缘变形减阻收益随着设计点升力相对基准点变化量的增加而增大，且高升力时的减阻量约为低升力的7～8倍。后缘变形减阻关键在于调整主翼压力分布，对变弯控制剖面偏度不敏感，考虑变形关联约束不会明显降低减阻收益，存在变弯控制剖面偏转规律相同、偏度与升力线性对应，且减阻收益明显的阶梯变形矩阵。在非巡航任务剖面，后缘变形同样具有明显的规律性，可有效降低抖振点的激波强度，但无法有效改善阻力发散。     

主动变形扑翼飞行器的设计和风洞测力试验研究

主动变形扑翼可以模仿鸟翼飞行时的复杂运动。为了了解主动变形扑翼飞行器的气动特性,在研究鸟类骨骼结构和翅膀及尾翼运动规律的基础上,设计并制造了一种基于机器人技术的主动变形扑翼飞行器;给出了主动变形扑翼飞行器的机构运动规律函数,并设计出机构运动控制系统;在低速风洞中对此飞行器进行了一系列测力试验,研究了主动变形扑翼的升力、推力特性,以及风速、扑动频率、扑动幅度、伸展相位等参数对升力和推力的影响,并与常规扑翼进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,较之常规扑翼,主动变形扑翼可以显著增加升力和增强对不同飞行状态的适应能力。     

不同尾翼鸭式布局远程弹在跨／超声速的气动特性实验研究

为了研究鸭式布局远程弹尾翼对气动特性的影响,设计了无尾翼,“T”型尾8翼,栅格尾翼三种尾翼布局,通过风洞测力实验研究不同布局在不同马赫数及迎角状态下对远程弹气动特性尤其是滚转特性的影响。实验结果显示：安装“T”型尾翼的模型和安装栅格尾翼的模型相比,在跨声速阶段,其升力特性优于栅格尾翼,也更利于滚转控制,但在超声速区域,栅格尾翼模型具有明显的升力特性优势,同时也容易进行滚转控制,而减小阻力是栅格翼将来需要解决的问题。     

可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型气动特性分析

以变弯度翼型为研究对象,计算了其六种外形的绕流流场,分析了不同的连续光滑变形翼型与传统偏转翼型的气动特性,讨论了变形参数对气动特性的影响,研究了气动特性的产生机理;与此同时,以形状记忆聚合物柔性蒙皮和机械结构实现了可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型,并在风洞实验中测试了其气动特性。计算和实验结果表明:可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型能改进传统主翼-简单襟翼翼型的气动特性和流场分离特性;可变形段范围、转轴位置、后缘偏转角度、后缘高度等变形参数对气动特性具有显著影响。     

变后掠变展长翼身组合体系统设计与特性分析

为了探索可变形飞行器气动、结构和控制关键技术,在可变后掠角及展长的翼身组合体风洞试验模型系统设计与特性分析方面开展了研究。系统设计包括总体方案设计、近似理论分析与计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟、结构与控制技术集成;特性分析包括结构特性、控制特性、定常与非定常气动特性的测试及其分析。结果表明:大尺度变形能显著改变飞行器的升力、阻力和升阻比等气动特性,进而使可变形飞行器能适应多种环境和任务,因而在全飞行周期中比传统固定外形飞行器具有更优的性能。     

一种新的变前掠翼无人机气动布局

研究了一种新的变前掠翼无人机气动布局概念,在低、亚、跨和超声速状态下可通过改变机翼的前掠角来获取最佳的气动性能。根据设计指标和翼身融合技术初步设计了其几何外形,并采用三维Navier-Stokes方程数值模拟和对比分析了5种不同任务构型的气动特性。结果表明：①在Ma=0.6巡航时,平直翼加挂副油箱构型最大升阻比为14.55,而三角翼构型仅为8.29;②在Ma=0.4机动时,45°前掠翼构型失速迎角达到38°且具有最大的升力系数2.455,较平直翼构型提高了4.9%;③在Ma=1.5高速突防时,三角翼零升阻力系数最小,比平直翼加挂副油箱构型减小了14.4%,最大升阻比提高了34.6%;④所有计算状态下俯仰力矩特性均良好。研究结果验证了变前掠翼无人机气动布局新概念的合理性和先进性,可为高性能无人机的设计提供参考。     

伸缩弹翼巡航导弹气动外形优化研究

基于一种伸缩弹翼改变巡航导弹外形的概念,提出超声速巡航与亚声速盘旋相结合的飞行任务,使用Missile Datcom作为气动计算的工具,分别对固定翼、两级伸缩翼和三级伸缩翼的外形参数进行了优化,使三种不同弹翼导弹完成相同飞行任务的燃料消耗分别最小,优化方法选取遗传算法与模式搜索法相结合的混合优化策略.优化结果显示,两级、三级伸缩翼巡航导弹相对固定翼巡航导弹燃料消耗量分别减少7.8%和12%,表明伸缩弹翼有效提高了巡航导弹在整个飞行任务中的气动性能.     

Delaying stall of morphing wing by periodic trailing-edge deflection

Morphing wings can improve aircraft performance during different flight phases. Recently research has focused on steady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible trailing-edge, and the unsteady aerodynamic and stall characteristics in the deflection process of the morphing wing are worthy further investigation. The effects of the angle of attack and deflection rate on aerodynamic characteristics were examined, and based on the aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing, a method was developed to delay stall by using the flexible periodic trailing-edge deflection. The numerical results show that the lift coefficients in the deflection process are smaller than those in the static situation at small angles of attack, and that the higher the deflection rate is, the smaller the lift coefficients will be. On the contrary, at large angles of attack, the lift coefficients are higher than those in the static case, and they become larger with the increase of the deflection rate. Further, the periodic deflection of the flexible trailing-edge with a small deflection amplitude and high deflection rate can increase lift coefficients at the critical stall angle.     

Aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wing with flexible leading-edge

The morphing wing can improve the flight performance during different phases. However, research has been subject to limitations in aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible leading-edge. The computational fluid dynamic method and dynamic mesh were used to simulate the continuous morphing of the flexible leading-edge. After comparing the steady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing and conventional wings, this study examined the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wings with upward and downward deflections of the leading-edge at different frequencies. The numerical results show that for the steady aerodynamic, the leading-edge deflection mainly affects the stall characteristic. The downward deflection of the leading-edge increases the stall angle of attack and nose-down pitching moment. The results are opposite for the upward deflection. For the unsteady aerodynamic, at a small angle of attack, the transient lift coefficient of the upward deflection, growing with the increase of deflection frequency, is larger than that of the static case. The transient lift coefficient of the downward deflection, decreasing with the increase of deflection frequency, is smaller than that of the static case. However, at a large angle of attack, an opposite effect of deflection frequency on the transient lift coefficient was demonstrated. The transient lift coefficient is larger than that of the static case when the leading edge is in the nose-up stage, and lower than that of the static one in the nose-down stage.     

Transient aeroelastic responses and flutter analysis of a variable-span wing during the morphing process

To investigate the transient aeroelastic responses and flutter characteristics of a variablespan wing during the morphing process,a novel frst-order state-space aeroelastic model is proposed.The time-varying structural model of the morphing wing is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with time-dependent boundary conditions.A nondimensionalization method is used to translate the time-dependent boundary conditions to be time-independent.The time-domain aerodynamic forces are calculated by the reduced-order unsteady vortex lattice method.The morphing parameters,i.e.,wing span length and morphing speed,are of particular interest for understanding the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of variable-span wings.A test case is proposed and numerical results indicate that the flutter characteristics are sensitive to both of the two morphing parameters.It could be noticed that the aeroelastic characteristics during the wing extracting process are more serious than those during the extending process at the same morphing speed by transient aeroelastic response analysis.In addition,a faster morphing process can get better aeroelastic performance while the mechanism comlexity will arise.     

飞翼布局无人机变形机翼设计与模型验证研究

对飞翼布局无人机变形机翼和变形机翼传动机构进行了设计,根据设计结果制作验证模型进行风洞实验和外场飞行试验,以此研究伸缩段机翼对飞行器机翼整体气动性能的影响。结果表明:采用变形机翼技术,可以通过实时控制机翼的气动外形保持较高的气动效率,提高飞机在巡航状态下的升力和高速飞行状态下的机动性,满足飞机在各种任务剖面的战术性能要求。     

Experimental investigations of a full model with adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings

The morphing wing concept aims to constantly adapt the aerodynamics to different flight stages. The wing is able to adapt to different flight conditions by an adjustable Aspect Ratio (AR) and sweep. A high AR configuration provides high aerodynamic efficiency, while a low AR configuration, with highly swept wings offers a good maneuverability. Additionally, the flexible membrane allows the wing surface to stretch and contract in-plane as well as the airfoil to adapt to different aerodynamic loads. In the context of this work, the aerodynamic characteristics of a full model with form-adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings are investigated experimentally. The focus is on the high-lift regime and on the analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients as well as their sensitivities. Especially, the lateral aerodynamic derivatives at asymmetric wing positions are of interest.     

滑动蒙皮变后掠无人机非定常气动特性研究

为了探索飞机变形过程中的非定常气动特性及其机理,基于滑动蒙皮变后掠无人机这一可变形飞行器大尺度全局变形研究平台,通过风洞实验对其进行了非定常气动特性研究。结果表明:无人机变后掠过程中非定常气动特性曲线在相应的准定常曲线周围形成滞回环;无人机变后掠速率越快,滞回效应越显著;无人机以约7.5°/s的速率变后掠,会使非定常气动特性数值偏离相应的准定常数值5%以上;变后掠无人机非定常气动特性产生的主要原因可能在于流场结构迟滞和机翼附加速度。     

多段柔性变体扑翼飞行器设计

多段柔性变体扑翼模仿海鸥翅膀的复杂运动.观察海鸥翅膀的运动周期,设计了包含慢频率扑动、展向折弯、弦向扭转和结构柔性变形的扑翼模型,并应用准定常方法计算气动力,为该扑翼飞行器设计提供依据.在CATIA和3DMAX中设计多段柔性变体扑翼机的三维模型和运动模拟,制作样机进行飞行试验,研究其平飞、爬升、偏航等飞行姿态,结果表明升力和推力与数值计算结果吻合.相较于原有扑翼飞行器,多段柔性变体扑翼飞行器可以慢频率扑动飞行,调整扑翼形状.      

战术弹纵横向气动力计算方法

本文介绍一种计算中等攻角、中等侧滑角情况下正常式或鸭式布局的战术弹纵、横向气动力特性的方法。它是一种数值计算与工程计算相结合的方法。位流气动力通过求解线性偏微分方程获得,粘性分离产生的非线性气动力通过对一系列脱体涡的计算获得。方法中考虑了翼面与尾面间近距干扰和远距干扰的影响。本方法可用于计算来流马赫数为0到3.5左右、攻角和侧滑角为0°到20°左右、正常式或鸭式布局的战术弹纵、横向气动力系数。计算结果与实验数据比较,有良好的一致性。