基于多点随机激励的发动机管路振动疲劳寿命分析

针对航空发动机管路系统激振环境复杂、激振点多的现状和在此边界条件下单点随机振动方法无法准确分析与模拟的问题，提出了一种多点动力学振动分析方法，首先从理论上推导出多点激励的动力学振动方程，其次利用有限元模拟验证了结构多点振动的动强度响应特性，根据Dirlik模型预测了管路系统的随机振动疲劳寿命，对比分析了结构在多点振动激励与单点振动激励下响应动力学特性以及疲劳寿命的关系，针对载荷相关性问题探究管路应力响应与疲劳寿命的变化规律，最后针对于不同的约束条件，分析了弹性约束刚度值对于结构疲劳寿命的影响。对比分析发现：在多点激励下管路系统的的振动寿命仅为单点激励最低疲劳寿命的22.31%，管路应力响应与疲劳寿命随相位与相干系数变化而呈规律变化，随着约束刚度值的增加，结构的响应功率谱密度增加，结构共振区域对于功率谱密度放大作用减小，疲劳寿命降低，验证了多点动力学振动分析方法的有效性。     

基于虚拟激励法的薄板随机振动分析

针对航空发动机薄壁构件在实际工作中受到的噪声影响的问题,基于虚拟激励法原理,利用改进的傅里叶级数法处理位移函数和白噪声激励,对薄板进行了任意弹性边界条件下的随机振动响应分析。推导并计算了白噪声激励下薄板的位移响应功率谱,将响应功率谱与ANSYS自带谱分析模块结果进行对比分析,证明了改进方法的准确性。该方法使用簧代替经典边界条件,改变弹簧的刚度系数组合可以高效准确地处理其他更复杂的结构以及边界条件。     

支承刚度非线性转子系统的不平衡响应

针对航空发动机中转子支承的刚度非线性问题,基于谐波平衡法,发展了一种适用于多自由度转子系统的不平衡响应计算方法.通过对带有非线性支承的双盘转子系统不平衡响应的数值模拟,获得了影响非线性转子系统不平衡响应的关键参数和重要规律.研究表明:转子不平衡响应的非线性特征与振型密切相关,转子的峰值频率和峰值振幅随支承刚度非线性的增强而升高,随不平衡的增大而增大,非线性支承会使响应中出现频率的3倍频和5倍频成分.     

俯冲拉起飞行条件下航空发动机整机动力学特性分析

以某航空发动机带机匣双转子试验器为参考,分别采用截锥壳元素法和Timoshenko梁理论对其机匣和双转子系统进行了有限元建模,得到了试验器的整机转子动力学有限元模型。研究了俯冲拉起飞行条件下机匣支承刚度、安装节支承刚度与机动载荷对双转子航空发动机整机动力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:机匣支承刚度与机动载荷对发动机产生转静子径向碰摩的影响较大,而安装节支承刚度对发动机产生转静子径向碰摩的影响相对较小;机匣测点振动随机匣支承刚度的减小而减小,随安装节支承刚度的减小而增大;机匣测点振动对俯冲拉起机动载荷变化不敏感。     

基于多点随机激励的发动机管路振动疲劳寿命分析

针对航空发动机管路系统激振环境复杂、激振点多的现状和在此边界条件下单点随机振动方法无法准确分析与模拟的问题,提出了一种多点动力学振动分析方法,首先从理论上推导出多点激励的动力学振动方程,其次利用有限元模拟验证了结构多点振动的动强度响应特性,根据Dirlik模型预测了管路系统的随机振动疲劳寿命,对比分析了结构在多点振动激励与单点振动激励下响应动力学特性以及疲劳寿命的关系,针对载荷相关性问题探究管路应力响应与疲劳寿命的变化规律,最后针对于不同的约束条件,分析了弹性约束刚度值对于结构疲劳寿命的影响。对比分析发现:在多点激励下管路系统的的振动寿命仅为单点激励最低疲劳寿命的22.31%,管路应力响应与疲劳寿命随相位与相干系数变化而呈规律变化,随着约束刚度值的增加,结构的响应功率谱密度增加,结构共振区域对于功率谱密度放大作用减小,疲劳寿命降低,验证了多点动力学振动分析方法的有效性。     

中介轴承外圈故障动力学建模及仿真分析

为了研究航空发动机中介轴承故障特征,基于Hertz非线性接触理论,建立了一种考虑时变位移激励的4自由度中介轴承外圈故障动力学模型。采用双转子试验台对中介轴承外圈故障进行实验模拟,实验结果和动力学模型数值求解结果一致,验证了所建立模型的准确性。采用动力学模型仿真分析了中介轴承外圈存在缺陷情况的振动响应。研究了中介轴承振动方根幅值、波形因子、脉冲因子、峰值因子和峭度因子随缺陷大小、径向载荷的变化规律。结果表明:随着缺陷尺寸或径向载荷增大,中介轴承振动方根幅值呈增大趋势。脉冲因子、峰值因子和峭度因子等无量纲参数随着缺陷尺寸增加,先增大后减小。随着径向载荷增加,以上三个无量纲参数呈增大趋势。同时,证明方根幅值、脉冲因子、峰值因子和峭度因子等特征参数对中介轴承外圈故障敏感。     

航空发动机转子叶片的声振疲劳特性试验

由于振动载荷、声载荷等会造成航空发动机转子叶片的高周疲劳失效,通过试验研究了发动机转子叶片的声振疲劳特性.首先研究了叶根边界条件对发动机转子叶片声响应特性的影响,对3组叶片施加不同的顶紧力,由低到高施加声载荷,试验得到不同叶根边界条件下叶片的声响应与声载荷的关系,并且得出叶根边界条件对转子叶片声响应大小有影响的结论.随后研究了叶片的声振疲劳特性,得出以下结论:声载荷作用下,叶片确实可以发生破坏.在两种不同的激励方式（随机振动激励与正弦振动激励）作用下叶片的频率下降略有不同,并且在动应力水平相同的条件下,发动机转子叶片在正弦振动激励下的寿命远大于其在随机振动激励下的寿命.      

发动机双转子-机匣耦合系统碰摩故障分析

根据航空发动机双转子结构已被大量采用,构成航空发动机双转子-机匣耦合系统,将航空发动机转子系统简化为双转子-机匣耦合动力学系统,其中轴承被简化为弹簧和阻尼.考虑了低压转子与高压转子通过中介轴承的耦合作用,导出了连续体双转子多盘-机匣系统的四阶偏微分运动方程.运用变步长四阶龙格库塔法模拟了双转子系统的碰摩故障响应,分析了转速和中介轴承刚度对系统碰摩故障响应的影响,发现了该双转子模型在发生碰摩故障时的一些非线性动力特性,为解决工程实际问题提供了可参考的理论依据,具有一定的工程意义.      

径向支承刚度非对称转子系统振动特性分析

为研究径向支承刚度非对称对航空发动机转子系统的影响,采用集中参数模型和有限元理论建立此类转子振动特性的求解方法,研究关键影响参数及影响规律.结果表明:支承刚度非对称导致转子系统在两正交方向质量刚度特性不同,使稳态响应相位非同步变化和幅值差异,这是引发转子反进动涡动和椭圆形轴心轨迹的内在原因.增大支承刚度非对称程度使转子...     

航空发动机外部管路的振动响应分析

针对航空发动机外部管路的动力学设计需求,采用基于试车实测数据的振动响应求解方法,对典型管路的振动响应特性进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:在风扇机匣位置的管路主要承受转子不平衡和风扇气动激励,表现为典型的简谐激励特征,可采用谐响应分析方法求解其振动响应。低阶振型对管路的动态特性起决定作用,振动能量输入导管结构后,响应输出方向可能发生变化。在燃烧室及尾喷口位置的管路主要承受来自于燃烧室火焰脉动和气动噪声激励,表现为典型的随机激励特征,可采用动力学谱密度方法求解其振动响应,得到功率谱密度响应曲线及具有一定置信度的位移分布和应力分布。     

共用支承-双转子系统振动耦合机理及响应特性

针对带有涡轮级间共用承力框架的双转子系统，采用机械阻抗理论定量描述结构质量/刚度分布特征，建立了复杂转子系统振动耦合机理模型，并提出了针对共用支承-双转子系统的振动耦合点确定方法，以及交互激励瞬态响应仿真方法。仿真结果表明：共用支承-双转子系统振动耦合的力学本质，是转子与支承结构振动交互作用下的动力响应耦合，既包括共用支承结构振动基础激励带来的振动耦合力学行为，又包括多转子交互激励下多频率组合的振动响应耦合力学行为。其中基础激励下耦合程度与支承机械阻抗及转子振型有关，转子间交互激励下耦合程度则受被激转子模态振型影响，被激转子刚体模态振型对基础振动敏感，在激励转子作用下更易产生转子交互激励下振动耦合。     

带中介轴承的双转子系统振动耦合作用评估

为了评估中介轴承对双转子系统的振动耦合作用,从临界转速位置振型变化、临界转速变化、模态振型与稳态不平衡响应的应变能分布变化、中介轴承受力变化等多角度,阐释双转子耦合振动的表现形式和关联关系,提出了相应的评价指标或评估方法,并以典型燃气涡轮发动机双转子系统为对象,进行了分析评估。结果表明,单转子的模态振型可能在双转子模态振型中表现为3种形式,一一对应出现、重复出现或耦合出现,对应的临界转速及应变能分布也会随之产生相应的变化;中介轴承受力在临界转速位置出现峰值,而应变能分布变化最大的转速位置与系统临界转速位置不一致,同时还受不平衡激励位置影响;各单元应变能占比变化量随转速变化曲线可详细分析特定不平衡激励下系统应变能分布变化情况。所提方法可为双转子-中介轴承系统的设计、故障诊断提供参考。     

Nonlinear vibration response characteristics of a dual-rotor-bearing system with squeeze film damper

Rolling bearing and Squeeze Film Damper (SFD) are used in rotor support structures, and most researches on the nonlinear rotor-bearing system are focused on the simple rotor-bearing systems. This work emphasizes the comparative analysis of the influence of SFD on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the dual-rotor system supported by rolling bearings. Firstly, a reduced dynamic model is established by combining the Finite Element (FE) method and the free-interface method of component mode synthesis. The proposed model is verified by comparing the natural characteristics obtained from an FE model with those from the experiment. Then, the steady-state vibration responses of the system with or without SFD are solved by the numerical integration method. The influences of the ball bearing clearance, unbalance, centralizing spring stiffness and oil film clearance of SFD on the nonlinear steady-state vibration responses of the dual-rotor system are analyzed. Results show that SFD can effectively suppress the amplitude jump of the dual rotor system sustaining two rotors unbalance excitations. As the ball bearing clearance or unbalance increases, the amplitude jump phenomenon becomes more obvious, the resonance hysteresis phenomenon strengthens or weakens, the resonant peaks shift to the left or the right, respectively. SFD with unreasonable parameters will aggravate the system vibration, the smaller the oil film clearance, the better the damping performance of the SFD, the larger the centralizing spring stiffness is, the larger resonance amplitudes are.     

Experimental study of rotor blades vibration and noise in multistage high pressure compressor and their relevance

Rotor blades fault of aeroengine compressor is mostly caused by mechanical and aerodynamic excitation. And the excitation factor of high intensity sound wave to rotor blades should not be ignored. Experimental researches are conducted on a multistage high pressure compressor. When high level vibration occurs on the first stage of rotor blades, the noise spectrum presents typical characteristic for discrete multi-tone in the compressor. The amplitude of blade vibration displacement and the sound pressure level of characteristic frequency noise increases and decreases simultaneously and reaches the maximum value at the same time. This frequency merely occur on a certain speed range and is locked in a specific range which presents no variation with the rotating speed. When high level vibration occurs on the first stage of rotor blades, the noise spectrum presents a sharp peak and the propagation state of the characteristic frequency is a helix structure in the compressor. It can be confirmed that acoustic resonance occurs in the multistage compressor. The acoustic resonance frequency and its side band frequencies are generated by modulation of a rotating noise source at the rotor speed which is the excitation source of the rotor blades vibration.     

结构参数对弹上电子设备双层减振系统 减振性能的影响规律研究

针对弹上电子设备双层减振系统结构参数设计问题,研究了一二级减振系统的频率比、质量比、阻尼比对双层减振系统在随机振动激励下的绝对加速度响应峰值、全频段的加速度响应均方根值、高频段的加速度响应均方根值、相对位移响应均方根值、耦合频率等动力学参数的影响规律,得出一般性的结论,并探讨了双层减振技术的应用,可为弹上电子设备双层减振系统的减振性能设计提供理论支撑。     

Generation of Non-Gaussian Random Vibration Excitation Signal for Reliability Enhancement Test

During environment testing, the time histories of some dynamic environments follow non-Gaussian distribution. It is always assumed that the random vibration simulated follows Gaussian distribution, because the traditional digital random vibration control system can only supply the random vibration excitation signal of Gaussian. Yo simulate the real environment of product, a method is developed in this paper that can generate non-Gaussian random signal with specified power spectrum density （PSD）, skewness and kurtosis by shot noise. In this way, non-Gaussian random vibration can be produced on traditional electrodynamic shaker. It solves the problems of spectral valley and energy shortage in low frequency on omni-axis shaker. At last, the wavelet is used to analyze the non-Gaussian signal     

Study on dynamic stiffness of supporting structure and its influence on vibration of rotors

The dynamic response of the rotor depends on not only itself but also the dynamical characteristics of the structures that support it. In this paper, the coupling vibration characteristics of the rotor and supporting structure are studied using one simple rotor-supports model firstly, and then the dynamic stiffness of the typical supporting structure of an aero-engine is investigated in use of both numerical and experimental methods. While, one simulation strategy is developed to include dynamic stiffness of realistic supports in the dynamical analysis of the rotor system. The simulated and tested results show that the dynamic stiffness of the supporting structure not only depends on the structural parameters but also is related to the frequency of the excitation force. The dynamic stiffness is affected by the damping and inertia effect when the excitation frequency is high and closed to the resonance frequency of the support, which may decrease the dynamic stiffness sharply. More resonance frequencies may be induced and the critical speed could be reduced or increased. While higher vibration response peak and overload of the bearing may also be caused by the varied dynamic stiffness, which needs to be avoided in the design of the rotor-supports system.     

失谐叶栅的受迫振动响应特性分析

采用基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法的降阶气动力模型并耦合结构运动方程,实现了存在外激励载荷时失谐叶栅受迫振动响应的快速分析。针对典型的跨声速叶栅,通过求解其位移响应幅值较系统地研究了失谐方式、失谐强度和叶片质量比对失谐叶栅受迫振动响应幅值的影响。研究表明文中刚度失谐形式可以改善叶栅振动的稳定性,同时导致系统受迫振动响应局部化程度的增加,并且受迫响应的最大振幅放大因子随失谐强度增加或者质量比降低存在先增大后减小的一个峰值,不同失谐形式则对这个峰值的大小有着明显的影响。由于该方法可高效地分析失谐叶栅受迫振动各参数对模态局部化的影响,在工程上有一定的应用价值。     

Modal analysis strategy and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of complicated aero-engine dual-rotor system with rub-impact

This paper aims to gain insight into the nonlinear modal characteristics and the possible influence of the modes on the responses for the practical dual-rotor system with rub-impact in aero-engine. The finite solid element method combined with a constraint stiffness model produced by rub-impact is introduced to build the governing equation of the complicated nonlinear dualrotor system. In order to deal with the efficiency and numerical divergence in the process of solving the nonlinear modes of ...     

基于正负刚度并联的低频隔振器研究

为了能够抑制微振动对在轨运行航天器造成的不利影响,提出了一种由螺旋柔性弹簧（SFS）与磁性弹簧并联构成的低频隔振器;其中,螺旋柔性弹簧作为正刚度元件为系统提供承载能力,并通过有限元建模对其轴向刚度特性进行了数值分析;由两两相吸、同轴配置的3块环形永磁体构成的磁性弹簧为该隔振系统沿轴向提供负刚度以降低系统的固有频率;基于等效电流模型分析讨论了该磁性弹簧的磁刚度特性,并在平衡位置附近对磁刚度作了线性近似。通过分析所设计的低频隔振器与其相应线性隔振系统的位移传递率,比较了2种隔振器的隔振性能。研究结果表明：所提出的低频隔振系统能够有效地隔离低频微幅振动,降低系统的固有频率,进而拓宽了隔振频带;同时,进一步改善了隔振系统在共振区域附近的阻尼特性,有效地降低了共振峰值。