克努森数对气膜冷却流动换热相似特性的影响

数值模拟研究克努森数Kn对不同尺度气膜冷却流动换热相似特性的影响,选取孔径为0.3,3,10mm平板单排圆柱形气膜孔模型,计算得到模型在Kn不同与相同条件下冷却效率和孔流量系数.结果表明:Kn相同时,小孔与大孔模型流动换热特性相似,冷却效率及流量系数均吻合很好;Kn不同时,两模型流动换热特性存在一定差异,冷却效率及流量系数吻合较差.因此为在气膜冷却相似放大研究中得到准确的相似结果,需要保证小孔及大孔模型的Kn相同.      

克努森数在微尺度相似流动特性研究中的作用

为了研究克努森数对微尺度相似流动的影响,选取孔径分别为3,1,0.5,0.3mm的相似小孔模型并视流体为连续介质,在相同的雷诺数下对各尺度小孔流体克努森数不同和相同的情况进行数值模拟,计算小孔的质量流量系数并分析其内部流场特征.结果表明:在相同的雷诺数下,原件与放大件的内部流场在克努森数相同时表现出更好的相似性,小孔质量流量系数也表现出更好的吻合性,因此在采用相似放大模型研究微小尺度结构的流动特性时,为了得到更为准确的结果,必须保证相似放大件和微尺度原件克努森数相同.      

微尺度阵列射流冲击结构换热特性实验研究

为了研究真实发动机尺寸下带有长圆形扰流柱阵列射流冲击结构的换热特性,选取雷诺数Re范围为1000~10000,并保证与真实发动机工况相同的克努森数Kn条件下,进行了实验研究。扰流柱排布方式分为顺排和叉排,冲击孔径D=0.4mm,0.5mm,0.6mm,冲击距H/D=1,1.5,2,详细分析了几何参数对结构整体平均对流换热系数的影响。结果表明:扰流柱的排布方式对平均换热系数影响很小,原因在于长圆形扰流柱的导流作用强于扰流作用;相同雷诺数时,孔径减小,流量减小33%,换热系数最大下降幅度10%,小孔结构具有保持相同换热强度、减小流量的应用潜力;相同雷诺数时,换热系数随着冲击距的减小而增大。     

小尺度孔的流量系数试验

对小尺度孔的流量系数进行了试验研究,并讨论了其流量系数在不同几何和流动参数下的变化规律.小孔直径为0.5,1.0,2.0 mm和3.0 mm;孔间距为5,10和20;长径比为1,2和4;倾斜角为30°,60°和90°;雷诺数Re低于6 000.通过试验可得孔的倾斜角度是影响流量系数的决定性因素之一,孔径对流量系数有显著影响,长径比和孔间距对流量系数均有不同程度的影响.该结果对小尺度孔在叶片气膜或冲击冷却的设计和研究中有重要意义.     

主流逆压力梯度下气膜孔流量系数的实验

为研究主流逆压力梯度下气膜孔的几何结构和气动参数对流量系数的影响规律,采用放大模型在低速回流式风洞中进行了实验。在对比研究圆柱孔和双向扩张孔流量系数基础上,重点研究了双向扩张孔的流量系数。结果表明,双向扩张孔的流量系数比圆柱孔的流量系数高。前倾角越大,流量系数越高;径向角越大,流量系数越高。流量系数随动量比的增加而增高,在动量比小于4时增幅尤其明显。主流湍流度增大使流量系数增大,动量比越小,增幅越大。除了在孔轴线与平板的夹角较大情况外,密度比对流量系数的影响较小。     

旋转对带斜肋和双排孔通道孔流量系数影响

为了获得工作叶片内部通道布置斜肋情况下的气膜孔流量系数,利用商业软件对带60°肋和双排气膜孔出流的旋转矩形通道内的流场进行了数值模拟.通道入口雷诺为数60 000,罗斯贝数为0,0.11,0.22,气膜孔总出流比0.22.通道静止时,计算结果与实验数据符合较好,左侧孔和右侧孔的流量系数差别不大.通道顺时针旋转时,两个孔的平均流量系数增加90%左右,左侧孔流量系数是右侧孔流量系数的4～5倍.通道逆时针旋转时,两个孔的平均流量系数减小10%左右,左侧孔和右侧孔流量系数基本相同.      

带肋壁与出流孔内流通道中肋角度对流量系数的影响

在根据相似理论放大的模型上,测量了带肋壁与出流孔内流通道中沿主流流向分布的各出流孔的流量系数C_d。实验在内流通道进口雷诺数为40000～80000,通道总出流比为0.30～0.60的范围内进行,重点分析了肋角度、内流通道进口雷诺数Re和通道总出流比SR对C_d的影响规律。结果显示:在本实验的工况范围内,沿内流通道布置的各出流孔C_d的变化幅度不大,在中后部略有上升;在相同流动状况下,C_d随肋角度的增大而增大,在120°时达到最大值;通道进口雷诺数和通道总出流比对C_d的影响都不显著。      

动量比对涡轮叶片气膜孔流量系数的影响

采用放大的叶片模型，利用大尺寸低速线性叶栅风洞进行实验，测量了涡轮工作叶片表面不同位置处6排气膜孔的流量系数，研究了不同吹风比、密度比和雷诺数对流量系数的影响。结果表明：（1）用二次流与主流的动量比来描述气膜孔流量系数的变化规律较为恰当。该参数可以综合吹风比和密度比的影响；（2）气膜孔流量系数随动量比的增大而增加，在小动量比下，影响尤为明显；（3）叶片表面不同位置处气膜孔的流量系数有较大的差别。表明气膜孔出口处的流动状态对流量系数有较大的影响。     

流量分配对涡轮叶片内通道压力分布特性影响的实验研究

为掌握某型涡轮叶片内流通道不同出流位置的流量分配比例对该通道压力系数分布的影响规律.对该通道进行合理简化并根据相似原理,采用几何放大模型,在通道进口雷诺数Re=2.7×10^4～3.4×10^4的条件下,研究出流孔一、出流孔二及出流孔三5种不同流量分配情况的通道压力系数分布,结果表明：三处出流位置流量分配的变化对第一通道压力系数的影响并不明显,而对第二和第三通道的压力系数有明显影响;减小出流孔一、出流孔三流量分配比例以及增加出流孔二的流量分配比例会使通道压力系数整体较低;增加出流孔三流量分配比例使第三通道压力系数整体较高且沿流程下降趋势缓和.     

纵向波纹隔热屏气膜孔流量系数的实验研究

针对加力燃烧室离散孔纵向波纹板结构隔热屏,通过改变次流雷诺数和出流比得到了波纹板上不同开孔位置处气膜孔的流量系数。实验结果表明,不同开孔位置处流量系数有很大差异;同一开孔位置处,对于长径比远小于1（L/D=0.17）的孔,气膜孔和次流通道的动量比对小孔流量系数有很大影响,尤其是在动量比较小的情况下;而在同一动量比下,单纯改变小孔雷诺数或次流通道雷诺数对流量系数影响不大。     

纵向波纹隔热屏气膜孔流量系数的实验

针对加力燃烧室离散孔纵向波纹板结构隔热屏,通过改变次流雷诺数（Re_c=24×104～33×104）和出流比（S=0.02～0.07）得到了波纹板上不同开孔位置处气膜孔的流量系数.实验结果表明,不同开孔位置处流量系数有很大差异;同一开孔位置处,对于长径比远小于1（L/D≈0.17）的孔,气膜孔和次流通道的动量比对小孔流量系数有很大影响,尤其是在动量比较小的情况下;而在同一动量比下,单纯改变小孔雷诺数或次流通道雷诺数对流量系数影响不大.      

地面燃气轮机单管燃烧室流量分配试验

对设计的100kW地面燃气轮机单管燃烧室空气流量分配进行了试验研究。在常压环境下采用堵孔法分别得到了旋流器、主燃孔和掺混孔的流量特性曲线,分析得到燃烧室不同结构的流量系数;试验研究了不同进口流量条件下燃烧室的流量分配,测量得到了燃烧室总压损失。研究发现:随着进口空气流量的增加,燃烧室的流量分配比例基本保持稳定,并且与燃烧室的设计空气比例基本吻合;随着燃烧室进口流量（雷诺数）的增加,旋流器、主燃孔和掺混孔的流量系数呈线性降低;随着进口流量（雷诺数）的增加,燃烧室总压损失逐渐增大;对主燃孔和掺混孔的流量特性测量中,两种测量方法得到的试验结果稍有差别,总体上看两种测量方法的试验结果较为接近。通过对比分析证明两种试验测量方法真实可靠,该研究结果可为100kW地面燃气轮机燃烧室的设计与优化提供依据。      

肋角度对流量系数影响的数值模拟研究

利用有限体积法对三维不可压缩的N-S方程进行离散,对同时带肋和气膜孔出流的内流冷却通道在45°,60°,90°,120°肋的结构下进行了数值模拟。网格划分采用非结构化网格,湍流模型为Realizablek-ε模型,近壁处湍流采用壁面函数,采用SIMPLE算法求解速度与压力的耦合。计算获得了同时带肋和气膜孔出流的内流冷却通道在不同肋角度时的三维流场分布和气膜孔的流量系数值。结果表明同时带肋和气膜孔出流的通道流场结构比较复杂,肋在通道中诱发的二次流改变了气体在进入气膜孔时偏转角度,从而影响了流量系数值。通道中气膜孔的流量系数值随肋角度的增大而呈增大的趋势。计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,两者规律符合良好。      

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

Experiments of flow and heat transfer performances for air-cooling laminated turbine vane

Flow resistance and heat transfer coefficients of typical double wall laminated film cooling configuration within a turbine vane were experimentally studied.The specimen was in large scale,and made of transparent organic glass.Laminated configuration consisted of double wall laminates,pin-fins,staggered arrays of impingement and film holes.The number ratio of impingement holes,pin-fins and film holes was2∶1∶1.Five experiment vanes were installed in static cascade,and experiments were carried out under constant heat flux.Re of internal cooling air in the experiment was from 104 to 2×105,and Re of external fluid was from 105 to 3×105.The experiment results show that flow resistances of front channel and back channel of the vane are in the same level,and both of them decrease as Re of cooling air increases.Nuof front channel is slightly higher than that of back channel.Both of them increase as Re of cooling air increases.And experiment results were obtained from experiment vanes were compared with that obtained from laminated flat plates,and the tendency of the results agrees well.     

Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where50000 Rej 90000, 1.74 H/d 27.5, 66° a 90°, and 13.2 r/d 42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors,including Rej, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly.When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distributionof the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.