Multi-mode optimal fuzzy active vibration control of composite beams laminated with photostrictive actuators

Firstly, a multi-field coupling finite element formulation of composited beam laminated with the photostrictive actuators is developed in this paper. Moreover, an optimal fuzzy active control algorithm is also proposed on the basis of the combination of optimal control and fuzzy one.This method opens a new avenue to resolve the contradiction between the linear system control method and nonlinear actuating characteristics of photostrictive actuators. The desired control for suppressing multi-modal vibration of photoelectric laminated beam is firstly obtained through optimal control and then the fuzzy control is used to approach the desired mechanical strain induced by photostrictive actuators. Thus, the multi-mode vibration control of beam is realized.In the design process of optimal fuzzy controller, the design of fuzzy control is independent of optimal control. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method can effectively realize multi-modal vibration control of photoelectric laminated beams, and the control effect of optimal fuzzy control is better than that of optimal state feedback control.     

智能结构模糊振动控制的在环仿真

提出了采用压电材料作为传感器和驱动器,基于模糊逻辑的柔性结构主动振动控制方法,并在嵌入式微处理器上实现模糊控制策略.柔性智能梁结构为例,以单片机为控制器,采用数值方法在计算机上模拟柔性结构模型,利用计算机与单片机的串行通讯技术实现了梁结构振动控制的硬件在环仿真,并编制出良好的人机界面和硬件接口程序.仿真结果表明本文提出的模糊控制方法能够很好的实现对智能梁结构的振动抑制.     

Acceleration sensors based modal identification and active vibration control of flexible smart cantilever plate

Some flexible appendages of spacecrafts, such as solar panels, are cantilever plate structures. Thus, vibration problem is unavoidable when there is slewing maneuver or external disturbance excitation. Vibration of such cantilever plate structures includes coupled bending and torsional motion. Furthermore, the low amplitude vibration near the equilibrium point is very difficult to be quickly suppressed due to nonlinear factors of the hardware in the system, which is harmful to stability and attitude control accuracy. To solve these problems, acceleration sensor-based modal identification and active vibration control methods are presented for the first two bending and the first two torsional modes vibration of the cantilever plate. Optimal placements of three acceleration sensors and PZT patches actuators are performed to decouple the bending and torsional vibration of such cantilever plate for sensing and actuating, and identifications are achieved by experiments. A nonlinear control method is presented to suppress both high and low amplitude vibrations of flexible smart cantilever plate significantly. Experimental comparison researches are conducted by using acceleration proportional feedback and the presented nonlinear control algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented acceleration sensor-based methods can suppress the vibration of cantilever plate effectively.     

1200℃高温环境下板结构热模态试验研究与数值模拟

高超声速飞行器高马赫数飞行时,翼、舵及垂尾等板形姿态控制结构将会面临极为严酷的高温环境,为了获得难于实测的结构在高温与振动复合环境下的热模态参数,本文将瞬态气动热试验模拟系统与振动试验系统相结合,建立了高温热/振联合试验测试系统,实现了高达1200℃热环境下矩形板结构的模态频率等关键振动参数的试验测试。同时,对矩形板结构的热模态特性进行了数值计算,并将试验结果与计算结果进行对比验证。试验中通过自行研制的耐高温陶瓷导杆引伸装置将结构上的振动信号传递至高温热场之外,使用常温加速度传感器对振动信号进行参数识别;并运用时-频联合分析技术对试验数据进行分析处理。本文所获得的高温环境(200~1100℃)下矩形板结构的模态频率的试验结果与数值计算结果取得了比较好的一致性,验证了本试验方法的可信性及可用性。本研究结果为高超声速飞行器翼舵结构在高温环境下的振动特性分析以及安全可靠性设计提供了重要的试验手段和参考依据。     

Proportional fuzzy feed-forward architecture control validation by wind tunnel tests of a morphing wing

In aircraft wing design, engineers aim to provide the best possible aerodynamic performance under cruise flight conditions in terms of lift-to-drag ratio. Conventional control sur-faces such as flaps, ailerons, variable wing sweep and spoilers are used to trim the aircraft for other flight conditions. The appearance of the morphing wing concept launched a new challenge in the area of overall wing and aircraft performance improvement during different flight segments by locally altering the flow over the aircraft's wings. This paper describes the development and appli-cation of a control system for an actuation mechanism integrated in a new morphing wing structure. The controlled actuation system includes four similar miniature electromechanical actuators dis-posed in two parallel actuation lines. The experimental model of the morphing wing is based on a full-scale portion of an aircraft wing, which is equipped with an aileron. The upper surface of the wing is a flexible one, being closed to the wing tip; the flexible skin is made of light composite materials. The four actuators are controlled in unison to change the flexible upper surface to improve the flow quality on the upper surface by delaying or advancing the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime. The actuators transform the torque into vertical forces. Their bases are fixed on the wing ribs and their top link arms are attached to supporting plates fixed onto the flex-ible skin with screws. The actuators push or pull the flexible skin using the necessary torque until the desired vertical displacement of each actuator is achieved. The four vertical displacements of the actuators, correlated with the new shape of the wing, are provided by a database obtained through a preliminary aerodynamic optimization for specific flight conditions. The control system is designed to control the positions of the actuators in real time in order to obtain and to maintain the desired shape of the wing for a specified flight condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control system by use of a proportional fuzzy feed-forward methodology are demon-strated experimentally through bench and wind tunnel tests of the morphing wing model.     

平板压电除冰系统中压电元件排布规律研究

针对压电振动除冰方法在工程上的可用性,以平面铝板为研究对象,采用有限元模型和结构动力学分析的方法,对平板压电除冰系统中压电元件的排布规律进行了研究。以平板长度方向上的截面为研究对象,用有限元分析方法研究了二维压电耦合模型的模态振型,选取了长度方向上三阶模态振型为最佳除冰模态振型,并以此振型为后续三维模型的基础振型。针对压电元件数量、压电元件相对贴片数量和压电元件贴片集中度这三个不同的排布参数,利用三维压电耦合有限元模型,以冰层与平板交界面处的弹性应变作为激励效果的直接体现参数,仿真分析了压电元件在平板宽度方向上的排布规律。仿真结果表明：压电元件在宽度方向上排布在中间位置和边缘位置,对结构均具有较好的激励效果,压电元件的布局要避开宽度方向上弹性应变较小的位置,因此对于分布在平板宽度方向边缘的压电元件,仍然可以在目标结冰区激励出较强的振动效果;在相同的接触面积下,减小压电元件的相对贴片数量,提高压电元件的贴片集中度,均可以提高压电元件对平板的激励效果,因此在实际应用中,在尺寸和粘接结构情况允许的情况下,尽可能选择尺寸较大的压电元件;并且当曲面上压电元件的贴片范围被限制的情况下,适当提升某一方向上压电元件贴片集中度,可以提高对平板结构的激励效果。灵活结合压电元件排布规律,可以设计出可行的压电元件排布方式,为压电除冰系统的工程研究提供借鉴和参考。     

模糊线性/非线性自抗扰切换控制及其应用

针对干扰弹在作战过程中所遇到的强非线性的干扰、模型不确定性的影响等特性,提出了一种模糊线性/非线性自抗扰切换控制器。首先,以干扰弹滚转运动模拟装置为研究对象,分别建立了以飞轮角速度为被控量、滚转角为被控量的数学模型;提出了用模糊规则改进线性/非线性自抗扰切换控制条件,进而实现更为平稳的模糊软切换;然后选择采用飞轮角速度线性自抗扰控制内环和滚转角模糊线性/非线性自抗扰切换控制外环的双闭环控制策略;最后,搭建了系统的仿真模型与实验平台。仿真与实验结果都表明该控制器兼具了线性自抗扰与非线性自抗扰的优势,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

Variable structure control and active vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft during attitude maneuver

This paper presents a new approach to vibration reduction of flexible spacecraft during attitude maneuver by using the theory of variable structure control (VSC) to design switching logic for thruster firing and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as sensor and actuator for active vibration suppression. The spacecraft to be investigated is a hub with a cantilever flexible beam appendage, which can undergo a single axis rotation. The proposed control system includes the attitude controller acting on the rigid hub, designed by variable structure control technique, and the surface-bonded PZT patches for active vibration suppression of flexible appendages, designed by the positive position feedback (PPF) control technique. To avoid chattering, pulse-width pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulation is adopted for the thruster control, which makes the thrusters to be operated in a close to linear manner and also can suppress the relatively large amplitude vibrations excited by, for example, rapid maneuver. However, some residual micro-vibrations still exist due to the switching actions. Upon that, the technique of active vibration control using PZT is turned on to provide further vibration suppression of the residual micro-vibrations and fine tuning of the system performance. By combining the advantages of both these control strategies, an improved performance for vibration control in both the macro-and micro-senses can result. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show the theoretical and practical merit of this approach.     

Gust load alleviation wind tunnel tests of a large-aspect-ratio flexible wing with piezoelectric control

An active control technique utilizing piezoelectric actuators to alleviate gust-response loads of a large-aspect-ratio flexible wing is investigated. Piezoelectric materials have been exten-sively used for active vibration control of engineering structures. In this paper, piezoelectric mate-rials further attempt to suppress the vibration of the aeroelastic wing caused by gust. The motion equation of the flexible wing with piezoelectric patches is obtained by Hamilton's principle with the modal approach, and then numerical gust responses are analyzed, based on which a gust load alle-viation (GLA) control system is proposed. The gust load alleviation system employs classic propor tional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers which treat piezoelectric patches as control actuators and acceleration as the feedback signal. By a numerical method, the control mechanism that piezo-electric actuators can be used to alleviate gust-response loads is also analyzed qualitatively. Further-more, through low-speed wind tunnel tests, the effectiveness of the gust load alleviation active control technology is validated. The test results agree well with the numerical results. Test results show that at a certain frequency range, the control scheme can effectively alleviate the z and x wing-tip accelerations and the root bending moment of the wing to a certain extent. The control system gives satisfying gust load alleviation efficacy with the reduction rate being generally over 20%.     

Flutter control of a composite plate with piezoelectric multilayered actuators

Active flutter velocity enhancement scheme is presented for lifting surfaces, employing Linear Quadratic Gaussian based multi-input multi-output controller with multilayered piezoelectric actuators. To numerically test the developed concept, a composite plate wing, surface bonded with eight piezoelectric bender actuators and sensors has been considered. A modal flutter control model is formulated in state-space domain using coupled piezoelectric finite element procedures along with unsteady aerodynamics and optimal control theory. The bending – torsion flutter instability has been actively postponed from 44.13 to 55.5 m/s using the energy imparted by the multilayered piezoelectric actuators. As the power requirement by these actuators is comparatively very low with respect to stack actuators, they can be employed in an integrated form to develop active lifting surfaces for real time applications.     

压电纤维复合材料驱动的机翼动态形状控制

利用压电材料实现柔性机翼的主动形状控制,能够有效提高机翼结构效率和气动性能;要实现连续、光滑的高精确形状控制效果,机翼变形过程必须满足一定的动态要求。本文利用在上下翼面反对称铺设的新型压电纤维复合材料——宏纤维复合材料(MFC)提供驱动力矩,研究了机翼扭转变形的前馈轨迹跟踪控制。首先建立了机翼结构有限元模型和气动力载荷模型,采用载荷比拟法得到MFC作动器的控制载荷向量,给出了气动弹性控制方程及其状态空间表达形式。为跟踪预设的变形参考轨迹,以跟踪误差的时域积分为目标函数,对MFC作动器的电压加载历程进行了优化设计。结果表明,采用规划后的电压加载历程,机翼气动弹性响应很好地跟踪了预期参考轨迹,实现了连续、光滑的动态形状控制效果,提高了控制精度。     

考虑扰动输入/性能输出分布时作动/传感器配置优化

 针对结构振动控制问题，提出了一种考虑扰动输入/性能输出分布信息时作动/传感器的优化配置准则。在降维的模态坐标下建立状态空间形式的结构动力学方程，通过Lyapunov方程求解扰动和作动器的能控性Gramian矩阵，并利用矩阵奇异值分解获得扰动的能控性方向和作动器的能控性方向，通过同时最大化作动器对结构的作动能力以及作动器的能控性方向与扰动的能控性方向的一致性来确定作动器的最优位置。类似思想用于确定传感器的最优位置。以采用压电片为作动器的悬臂梁为例阐述了新准则的应用。     

含脱胶压电传感器/驱动器的智能结构的有限元分析

将压电传感器、驱动器粘贴在复合材料结构的表面可实现结构的振动主动控制 ,但若传感器、驱动器部分脱开会对结构的静、动态特性产生显著影响。建立了一个新的加强假定应变压电固体单元 ,用于压电自适应层合结构振动主动控制的模拟仿真。与现有的压电固体单元相比 ,所建单元性能更优越 ,精度和计算效率更高 ,并能用于壳体结构的分析。采用相同坐标值但不同的节点号的方法模拟脱层 ,利用该单元分析了传感器、驱动器脱开对结构动力学特性的影响。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

垂尾抖振主动控制的压电作动器布局优化

为了提高压电作动器垂尾抖振主动控制系统的控制性能,提出一种基于输出可控性的压电作动器优化准则。使用压电驱动载荷等效方法建立压电纤维复合材料（MFC）压电作动器力学模型,并建立了带MFC压电作动器垂尾结构模型的动力学方程。在模态可控性和模态价值理论的基础上,提出考虑剩余模态影响的压电作动器优化目标函数。针对垂尾结构的前5阶模态使用遗传算法优化得到压电作动器的布局方案,使用线性二次高斯（LQG）最优控制方法控制垂尾的抖振响应。仿真结果表明,本文优化得到的布局方案比用其他方法能更好地均衡系统的模态可控性,减小剩余模态的影响,获得更好的垂尾抖振响应控制。     

振动主动控制仿真系统开发研究

针对目前振动主动控制中软件计算存在的不足,提出了基于Ansys和M atlab的结构振动主动控制通用仿真系统的软件设计方案,以满足对大型、复杂结构进行振动主动控制仿真计算的要求。按照软件工程方法,首先开发了原型系统,并以一压电智能板结构为计算实例对该系统的设计方案进行了说明和初步验证,结果表明该方案具有一定的可行性、有效性和通用性。     

自适应桁架结构振动控制中主动构件的最优配置

主动构件的最优配置对于自适应桁架结构的设计和振动控制十分重要。为了确定主动构件在自适应桁架结构中的配置,通过引入闭环模态耗散能因子概念,来评价主动构件在结构振动阻尼控制中引入的结构模态主动阻尼的相对大小,由此建立主动构件配置多目标优化问题,并通过一平面自适应桁架结构优化数值计算,说明了该优化配置方法的正确性和有效性     

不同类型多级等离子体激励器诱导气流的力学特性研究

等离子体激励器通过产生的等离子加速气流,可以实现对流动的控制。单级等离子体激励器由于受到等离子体放电的物理限制,其控制作用较小;为了提高等离子体流动控制的效果,关于多级等离子体激励器的研究得到发展。采用图像采集和粒子示踪测速系统(PIV),对传统多级等离子体激励器和多级双极性等离子体激励器的放电现象以及气流加速进行研究,并通过流场速度分布计算等离子体激励器对空气产生的推力和吸力。结果表明:随着电压的升高,传统多级等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力会逐渐减弱;而多级双极性等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力均呈逐渐增强的趋势。     

压电驱动器用于薄板型结构振动主动控制研究

对一个带有压电铺层的悬臂层合板进行了振动主动控制的分析和试验。不但采用了速率反馈 ,还用现代控制理论的设计方法研究了最优控制问题 ,设计了相应的数字式控制试验系统 ,进行了试验验证 ,并对 2种控制律的结果进行了比较。同时还研究了机电耦合刚阵的影响。     

一类非线性系统的变结构控制问题

本文研究了简约型非线性控制系统的变结构控制问题,针对变结构控制切换函数的确定问题进行了深入研究,给出了一类非线性系统切换函数的确定方法。研究结果表明,该方法适用于一类难于或不能可控正则化和线性化的非线性控制系统的综合。最后通过仿真证实了该方法的有效性。