力值加载校准系统误差补偿方法研究

针对飞机液压系统地面测试设备校准方法和校准装置欠缺的问题,为了提高飞机液压系统地面测试设备的测试性能和可靠性,设计了一套力值加载校准系统,该校准系统能够按着设置的参数输出精确的力值,实现对飞机液压系统地面测试设备的校准.满足了飞机液压系统地面测试设备对校准方法和校准装置的需求.     

定位定向接收机校准技术研究

介绍了全球导航卫星系统的组成与应用,利用本实验室的短基线场,对定位定向接收机进行实际大地坐标的定位与定向校准实验。给出了实验原理、实验过程及实验结果;并通过仿真机产生标准信号对接收机进行校准实验,对两种校准实验结果进行比较,分析了影响因素。     

飞机地面测试试验系统综合校准述评

综述了飞机地面测试试验系统现场校准的现场，对现场校准的需求情况进行了归纳和总结，包括溯源性要求、在线评价需求、多种物理量校准需求、多种特性校准需求、自动化校准需求以及总体评价需求。从技术上、计量法规上以及人的意识上几方面入手，分析了其中的难点，包括原位校准、多种物理量激励源、自动化校准、可测性、法规适应性、复合量纲特征和质量意识，并提出了相应的向点对策和建议，包括总体评价对策、以及现场测量系统的可测性设计原则和分段法校准方案。     

汽车碰撞试验测量系统中定标墙的校准方法研究

碰撞试验是综合评价汽车碰撞安全性能的最基本、最有效的方法。定标墙是碰撞车辆变形测量分析系统(DMAS)重要的组成部分,是由10万多个编码点和标识点组成的一种测量空间网络,为测量系统提供标准值,从而获得汽车车身的形变。本文提出了一种汽车碰撞试验定标墙的现场校准方法,利用摄影测量系统与标准尺,通过合理布局实现定标墙的高精度校准,用该方法可将定标墙的标识点的坐标校准误差控制在0.05 mm。     

体现主客方校准法的塔式垂准仪校准装置

介绍了基于顶杆原理的主客方校准法;叙述了以三轴重合为功能设计重点、以天顶天底和屋顶地面照准标融为一体为主线、可见光与激光校准项目有机结合的实现主客方校准法的校准装置设计思路与构建原则。最后,给出了装置复现的准铅垂线的准确度分析。     

综合采用GPS和地面雷达测量数据评估制导系统精度

仅用地面雷达跟踪数据评估制导系统的精度,其效果受客观条件限制。研究表明,把GPS(全球定位系统)作为外测资源在精度分析工作中加以利用,则效益显著。本文探讨综合利用GPS和地面雷达测量数据评估制导系统精度的问题。即对飞行试验的导弹,除了采用地面雷达进行跟踪测量外,还假设其装有弹载接收机。该高动态接收机通过弹载天线接收从四颗(以上)卫星发射的信号,该信号提供伪距和伪距变化率数据及广播星历资料。将这些外测数据(GPS数据和雷达数据)与遥测信息结合起来,选定合适的状态参数后,即可建立状态方程和观测方程。本文采用先进的估计技术(尤指U-D型卡尔曼滤波器)可分离出制导系统惯性器件等误差。由于把导弹的遥测速度和位置(修正了已知误差)转化成相应的外测数据并与之求差产生观测量,同时形成相应的测量矩阵。而U-D型卡尔曼滤波器又能将观矢量进行标量化处理,因此综合利用GPS数据和地面跟踪数据,实际上增大了观测矢量的阶数,从而提高了状态估计精度。当仅有其中一种测量手段时,该滤波器仍能正常运算。     

基于GPS跟踪技术的TDRS星测轨

本文评述了利用ＧＰＳ和ＧＰＳ有关技术ＴＤＲＳ星轨道的二种不同方法。第一种ＴＤＲＳ昨下装ＧＰＳ接收机，直接测得到ＧＰＳ卫星的距离，以此确定ＴＤＲＳ星历，不需要地面测控网；第二种ＴＤＲＳ星发一适当的信标信号，地面多台接收机同时跟踪ＧＰＳ和ＴＤＲＳ卫星。     

北斗卫星通信导航信号激励器的方案设计和应用

根据北斗卫星系统工作原理,提出了北斗卫星通信导航信号激励器的方案设计和在直升机型号设计中的应用。该激励器具有模拟北斗卫星通信导航信号的功能,其作用是在航电系统地面综合联试中,为机载北斗接收机和组合导航系统提供激励信号。     

LTN-101型惯性导航基准系统校准分析

以CRJ700飞机为例,讲述了惯性导航基准系统地面校准的目的、方法和程序,对实际校准过程中遇到的异常现象进行解析,可为惯性导航基准系统校准工作提供借鉴。     

C／A码差分GPS着陆系统用于I类着陆的试飞评估

所完成的飞行试验是为了评估Ｃ／Ａ码差分ＧＰＳ在Ｉ类条件下，提供精密进近操作的能力。机载ＤＧＰＳ接收设备，具有预置ＤＧＰＳ下滑着陆航道，计算航线偏差，并将偏差信息转换成驱动机载显示仪表信号的能力，地面配有相同的ＤＧＰＳ接收机和用于传送ＤＧＰＳ差分信号和ＶＨＦ发信机，在地面，以无线电经纬仪或激光跟踪器为基准，分析８２个手动操作的进近飞行数据，其结果表明，用窄相关ＧＰＳ接收机时，系统的垂直精度满足Ｉ类要     

某型航空发动机高原使用起动供油量调整研究

为保证某型发动机在高原地区能安全可靠地起动,在该型发动机进驻高原机场使用前,通过地面台架试车得到地面起动供油量调整变化规律,并应用人工神经网络,采用trainbr训练算法估算高原起动供油量调整规律,研究确定了该型发动机在高原使用条件下,起动供油量调整旋钮、起动放气嘴直径、起动补油量调整螺钉的匹配调整方法。经高原使用实践证明,该调整方法可保证一次调整成功,使该型发动机高原起动快速、安全、可靠,为飞机的快速出动创造了有利条件。      

脉冲干扰对软件接收机的影响分析

卫星信号经过长距离传播,信号能量损耗严重,到达地面的功率很弱,容易受到各种干扰的影响。脉冲干扰为常见的干扰类型,所以针对不同功率、不同周期,以及不同占空比的脉冲干扰信号,通过接收前端采集受脉冲干扰的GPS L1信号,利用软件接收机及多相关器生成技术,详细分析了脉冲干扰对接收机信号捕获与跟踪性能的影响。分析结果表明,周期为1ms的脉冲干扰信号,能对接收机产生强烈的干扰效果,捕获图中的噪声明显增大;跟踪过程中,载噪比和相关值突发性减小,造成跟踪数据异常。而长周期的脉冲信号仅在脉冲到达时影响接收机的捕获和跟踪,但由于信号跟踪不能连续进行,导致伪距观测量的不连续与导航数据不能正常解码,从而干扰接收机。     

Crop Dusting using GPS

Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and GPS-based swath guidance systems are used on agricultural aircraft for remote sensing, airplane guidance, and to support variable-rate aerial application of crop inputs such as insecticides, cotton growth regulators, and defoliants. Agricultural aircraft travel at much greater speeds than ground equipment (65 m/s, typically), so longitudinal (along-track) error in GPS-derived position is likely to be pronounced. Due to rapid ground speeds, determination of exact GPS-derived aircraft location requires special methodologies. To meet the need for determining ground position accurately, a ground-based spotting system using two strategically placed mirrors was designed to reflect sunlight to the belly of the aircraft when the plane passed over a ground reference point. The light beam was detected by a photocell on the airplane, causing a solid state relay to close through appropriate circuitry. When the relay closed, a record was placed in the data file for the airplane's Satloc GPS receiver, accurate to 0.01 s allowing exact position to be logged. Two stand-alone GPS receivers were evaluated along with the Satloc system, and their readings were compared with readings from the Satloc. For one day of testing used as an example, the Satloc lagged the ground reference point by an average of -4.53 m (S.D. = 0.68) in the east-west directions and led the reference point in the north-south directions by an average of +7.88 m (S.D. = 0.52). Positioning data from one stand-alone GPS receiver showed a distinct ground speed dependency, making it unsuitable for use in aircraft. Output from the other receiver (designed for aircraft use) was insensitive to ground speed changes but exhibited a look-ahead equivalent to 2-s at the ground speeds evaluated.     

Theory of Scalloping Amplitude Errors in Standard VOR Bearing Indications

A rigorous theory is developed for the course scalloping amplitudes observed in the bearing indications of an airborne standard VOR receiver in the presence of multipath signals. The VOR transmitting antenna pattern characteristics, the scattering properties of the multipath source, and the effects of ground reflection are all built into the theory so that their combined effects on the scalloping may be quantitatively investigated. The analysis assumes that the VOR receiver characteristics are ideal.     

Rotating Blades Radio Interference in a Helicopter-Borne CW Doppler Radar

Radio interference generated in a helicopter-borne continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar system due to the rotating blades is analyzed. This problem has been previously treated for the case of pulse Doppler radar systems with very narrow (near zero) beamwidth. In this case the strong interference component returning directly from the blades (with no ground reflection) need not be considered as it reaches the receiver when it is still blinded. In the case of a CW Doppler radar, however, this interference component must be included. Numerical calculations show that the total blade interference power level, dominated by the direct component, is higher than that of the direct ground clutter in the radar clutter region. It decreases approximately as (f - fo)-4 in the radar clear region. It stays, however, well above the thermal noise level which might cause false alarm and degrade the radar performance.     

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Laser Ranging Investigation

The objective of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Laser Ranging (LR) system is to collect precise measurements of range that allow the spacecraft to achieve its requirement for precision orbit determination. The LR will make one-way range measurements via laser pulse time-of-flight from Earth to LRO, and will determine the position of the spacecraft at a sub-meter level with respect to ground stations on Earth and the center of mass of the Moon. Ranging will occur whenever LRO is visible in the line of sight from participating Earth ground tracking stations. The LR consists of two primary components, a flight system and ground system. The flight system consists of a small receiver telescope mounted on the LRO high-gain antenna that captures the uplinked laser signal, and a fiber optic cable that routes the signal to the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument on LRO. The LOLA instrument receiver records the time of the laser signal based on an ultrastable crystal oscillator, and provides the information to the onboard LRO data system for storage and/or transmittal to the ground through the spacecraft radio frequency link. The LR ground system consists of a network of satellite laser ranging stations, a data reception and distribution facility, and the LOLA Science Operations Center. LR measurements will enable the determination of a three-dimensional geodetic grid for the Moon based on the precise seleno-location of ground spots from LOLA.     

Phase Residual Estimations for PCVs of Spaceborne GPS Receiver Antenna and Their Impacts on Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellites

In-flight phase center systematic errors of global positioning system(GPS) receiver antenna are the main restriction for improving the precision of precise orbit determination using dual-frequency GPS.Residual approach is one of the valid methods for in-flight calibration of GPS receiver antenna phase center variations(PCVs) from ground calibration.In this paper,followed by the correction model of spaceborne GPS receiver antenna phase center,ionosphere-free PCVs can be directly estimated by ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals of reduced dynamic orbit determination.By the data processing of gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE) satellites,the following conclusions are drawn.Firstly,the distributions of ionosphere-free carrier phase post-fit residuals from different periods have the similar systematic characteristics.Secondly,simulations show that the influence of phase residual estimations for ionosphere-free PCVs on orbit determination can reach the centimeter level.Finally,it is shown by in-flight data processing that phase residual estimations of current period could not only be used for the calibration for GPS receiver antenna phase center of foretime and current period,but also be used for the forecast of ionosphere-free PCVs in future period,and the accuracy of orbit determination can be well improved.     

空间站太阳能吸热器蓄热性能地面模拟试验

利用相变材料 (PCM)的熔化潜热来蓄热可以保证空间站太阳能热动力系统在轨道的阴影期内仍能连续发电。针对这一核心技术 ,建立了空间太阳能吸热 -储热器单元换热器地面模拟实验台。在模拟轨道条件下 ,对不同入射热流、不同工质进口温度及不同工质流量进行了多种组合测试。结果表明 ,单管工质气体的出口温升在轨道的日照期和阴影期都达到了预期的要求 ,相变材料容器的最高温度和平均温度都处于材料的安全范围内。     

Automatic Controller for a Sweeping Microwave Receiver

The Automatic System Controller (ASC) is a very simple automatic data processing system designed to provide unattended operation of the R-31 receiver, a sweeping microwave receiver. With the receiver set to operate in the scanning mode, its video output is processed by the ASC, which recognizes by thresholding the presence of a signal in the receiver pass band. When the threshold is exceeded, a receiver sweep stop is actuated, an appropriate receiver mode is selected, and an on-site tape recorder is turned on. To enhance signal acquisition, the ASC provides noise leveling gain control, the gating of undesirable signals, and useful aids for an operator attending the receiver.     

An evaluation of the radio frequency susceptibility of commercialGPS receivers

The radio frequency (RF) susceptibility characteristics of two commercial Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers were evaluated. A first-order analysis was performed to predict the receiver susceptibility thresholds based on the receiver sensitivity and processing gain. The receiver susceptibility thresholds in the post-acquisition mode were then measured for various interference signal frequencies and modulations. Both receivers exhibited very low susceptibility thresholds to in-band continuous wave (CW) signals. In addition, both receivers could be over-driven with an out-of-band signal. In this state the receivers indicated acceptable figures of merit despite loss of satellite signal lock