非线性变结构系统的一些性质

 本文研究非线性交结构系统（VSS）的性质。首先,给出了二种变结构控制器的综合方法,其次,以较大的篇幅研究了非线性变结构系统滑动运动的性质,其中包括系统的向量场及其滑动运动的向量场的关系,力学系统的变结构控制的性质以及变结构系统的极点配置等问题。     

特征结构配置法在无人机控制系统中的应用

特征结构配置可通过分析系统的模态,得到系统特征结构与时域响应之间的关系,设计出结构简单、鲁棒性强的控制器。应用输出反馈特征结构配置设计了无人机控制律,仿真结果表明,无人机的纵向运动和横侧向运动具有较好的飞行动态性能,实现了无人机纵向通道和横侧向通道的内部解耦。     

双轴旋转调制光纤惯导系统运动隔离控制实现

框架旋转控制的稳定性、快速性、准确性是捷联式双轴旋转调制惯导系统发挥精度潜力的重要保障条件.针对这一需求,搭建了双轴旋转控制系统,选用了直流力矩电机结合旋转变压器的硬件结构,设计了基于DSP的高速控制线路板作为控制器,完成了信号流程的构建,并设计相应PI控制算法,实现了光纤陀螺惯导系统隔离载体运动的旋转控制功能.实验结果表明,IMU姿态隔离效率达99％以上,框架旋转控制性能良好,能够满足系统隔离载体运动的需求.     

空间复杂运动增升结构随动加载技术

某工程襟缝翼运动机构疲劳试验采用大后退量、三段式(前襟、主襟、后襟)富勒襟翼结构,翼面运动为平动和转动的空间复合运动形式,具有多段重叠面积大、偏转速率变化大、剖面轨迹差异大等特点,使翼面运动过程中始终垂直于翼面的交变载荷同步精准施加面临巨大挑战。因此,首次研发了一套空间复杂运动增升结构随动加载系统,包括翼面偏转、随动机构及协调加载等多套控制系统,涉及角度、位移、载荷、速度等多个控制参量,通过多系统多参量耦合同步控制技术,实现了翼面偏转自主控制及翼面交变载荷精准施加,保证了翼面加载点作动筒方向、载荷、翼面偏转角度实时协调同步,确保了翼面偏转全过程随动加载。测试结果显示：翼面运动过程载荷动态误差小于3%,此随动加载系统是可行、有效的。     

卡尔曼滤波在自旋卫星章动控制中的应用

细长体结构卫星的自旋运动是不稳定的,章动有发散趋势,须进行实时的章动监视,且章动角的测量值包含有误差.通过引入一个离散控制过程的系统,介绍了卡尔曼滤波器的基本原理,建立了自旋卫星自旋运动简化的动力学模型,给出了运动方程和观测方程,详细地推导了适用于自旋卫星章动控制的卡尔曼滤波处理过程,利用该模型对某自旋卫星章动进行仿真计算,并对姿态章动联合控制和应急章动控制情况下的章动控制应用情况进行分析,得出结论：基于卡尔曼滤波的卫星章动角计算的方法正确、结果准确.     

舰载飞机着舰精确轨迹跟踪控制研究

根据着舰运动及Ｈ∞控制方法概念对用Ｈ∞控制方法设计舰载飞机自动着舰导引系统进行了研究;并按着舰导引系统的性能要求,确定了Ｈ∞控制综合模型的结构,给出了权阵的选取准则。以ＡＤ－４飞机为例进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,所设计的自动着舰导引系统能满足着舰要求,并有效地提高了导引系统着舰轨迹跟踪精度及抗气流扰动的能力。     

非线性解耦控制与飞机敏捷性机动

首先介绍了以微分几何控制理论为基础的非线性系统解耦理论，给出了解耦控制律的综合方法及解耦闭环系统平衡点的计算方法，并对解耦系统的稳定性进行分析，随后用非线性解耦理论研究了飞机非线性运动的三种解耦运动模式，并讨论了飞机非线性解耦控制规律的线性近似解，最后用飞机非线性运动的三种解耦运动模式实现了三种形式的敏捷性机动，结果是满意的。为飞机敏捷性，直接力控制和过失速机动问题提供了一种理论研究方法。     

新型飞机拦阻系统特性分析

 针对新型飞机拦阻系统工作原理作了简要阐述, 给出了系统的数学模型, 明确了系统属于二阶复杂非线性自治系统, 在初始状态激励下作自由运动。证明了微分方程的解存在且惟一, 并证明了系统是大范围渐近稳定的, 分析了系统的运动及控制特性, 阐述了针阀节流面积及凸轮曲线规律作为控制量对系统的控制作用, 该系统属于闭环程序控制系统。通过样例仿真, 展示了飞机被拦阻的动态过程以及拦阻指标的满足状况。     

机翼整体油箱清洗设备运动系统的设计

介绍了飞机机翼整体油箱的清洗设备运动系统的结构 ,重点介绍了其运动机构、气动系统及电气原理。现场使用表明该设计是安全可靠的     

飞行器智能柔性工装无线控制系统

用于飞行器大型薄壁件加工的智能柔性工装系统由数十个甚至上百个定位/支撑单元构成,每一单元又是复杂的机、电、液、气一体化系统,需在运动中与外界实时通信获取上位机指令同时反馈内部状态信息。对于这种由众多运动子系统构成的复杂大系统的网络化控制需求,若采用传统的有线控制方案不仅成本高而且难以实现,而本文提出的无线通信与有线网络相结合的网络化分布式递阶控制系统却为解决这一难题提供了新的途径。重点介绍了该系统的总体结构和无线主控子系统、网络化协调控制子系统、分布式执行控制子系统等核心环节的硬件电路和软件实现技术,并给出了相关问题的解决方案。实验结果表明,该系统具有较高的稳定性、可靠性和鲁棒性,有效解决了大规模运动通信和分布式控制问题,可很好满足项目的总体要求。     

高效强力复合铣A轴的动力学建模与自适应滑模控制

A轴单元作为五轴数控机床的关键功能部件,其控制精度直接影响工件的加工精度和表面质量。针对系统参数摄动和不确定性切削负载对A轴伺服系统控制精度的影响,分析了A轴驱动系统的动静态性能,讨论了驱动扭矩、负载扭矩、运动方向和系统参数之间的相互关系,并建立了系统的非线性动力学模型。基于该动力学模型,设计了自适应模糊滑模控制器（AFSMC）,采用模糊系统对滑模控制律中的非线性函数项进行自适应逼近,并基于Lyapunov理论设计了模糊系统中可调参数的自适应律,同时,在滑模控制（SMC）的切换控制部分采用了指数趋近律。实验结果表明,所设计的AFSMC对不确定性负载扭矩和系统参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。与传统滑模控制（TSMC）相比,其在有效减小控制输入抖振的同时,使得跟踪控制精度提高了14.54%。     

考虑一阶环节和法向约束的最优导引律

前言 目前关于最优导引律的文献中,除文献讨论了将导引对象视为具有瞬时响应特性的质点,考虑了控制的法向约束而外,其他均未考虑控制的约束问题。为了大幅度地提高导引精度,在建立“导引对象--目标”的数学模型时,就必须考虑导引对象的动态响应。     

Fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile

This paper addresses the fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile associated with large speed ranges, mismatched disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. Firstly, a sliding mode surface is developed by the tracking error of the state equation and the model reference state equation with respect to the air-to-ground missile. More specifically,a novel fixed-time adaptive reaching law is presented. Subsequently, the mismatched disturbances and the un-modeled dynamics are treated as the model errors of the state equation. These model errors are estimated by means of a fixed-time disturbance observer, and they are also utilized to compensate the proposed controller. Therefore, the fixed-time controller is obtained by an adaptive reaching law and a fixed-time disturbance observer. Closed-loop stability of the proposed controller is established. Finally, simulation results including Monte Carlo simulations, nonlinear six-DegreeOf-Freedom(6-DOF) simulations and different ranges are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.     

基于新型变速趋近律的永磁同步电机滑模控制

为了改善永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统的动态品质,提出了一种基于变速趋近律方法的PMSM滑模速度控制策略。为了提高传统指数趋近律的收敛速度和消除系统抖阵现象的影响,在传统指数趋近律的基础上提出了一种新型变速趋近律方法,并应用该方法设计了一种PMSM调速系统的滑模速度控制器。通过仿真和试验结果对比分析,证明该算法不仅改善了系统的鲁棒性能,同时改善了系统的动态响应速度。     

永磁同步电机滑模调速系统新型趋近律控制

基于传统指数趋近律的滑模控制(SMC)系统在永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统中应用广泛。但是该算法在SMC系统做趋近运动时,存在明显抖振,控制精度无法应对复杂情况。为了抑制系统抖振,提高PMSM调速系统的动态和稳态性能,在传统指数趋近律的基础上引入加权积分型增益,提出了一种新型趋近律。加权积分型增益的引入使系统在滑动模态阶段滑模面函数和积分结果可以同步趋近于零,从而有效抑制系统抖振。依照所提出的新型趋近律,设计了速度控制器,并应用到PMSM矢量控制系统中。分别利用软件仿真和硬件试验与传统指数趋近律控制进行了比较,验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。     

Nonlinear adaptive spacecraft attitude control using solar radiation pressure

Spacecraft and interplanetary probes orbiting at high altitudes experience forces due to solar radiation pressure, which can be used for maneuvering. The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuvers of satellites using solar radiation torque is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. The solar radiation moment is a complex nonlinear function of the attitude and parameters of the satellite, the orbital parameters, and the deflection angles of the reflective control surfaces. It is assumed that the parameters of the satellite model are unknown. Based on a backstepping design technique, a nonlinear adaptive control law is derived for the control of the pitch angle. In the closed-loop system, the pitch angle asymptotically tracks prescribed reference trajectories. Simulation results are presented to show that the adaptive control system accomplishes attitude control of the satellite in spite of the parameter uncertainties in the system.     

Decoupled ultimate boundedness control of systems and largeaircraft maneuver

The robust trajectory control of a class of nonlinear systems which can be decoupled by state-variable feedback is considered. It is assumed that the system matrices are unknown but bounded. A nonlinear control law is derived so that the tracking error in the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded and tends to a certain small neighborhood of the origin. The error dynamics are asymptotically decoupled in an approximate sense. The controller includes a reference trajectory generator and uses the integral feedback of the tracking error. On the basis of this result, a flight control system is designed for the control of roll angle, angle of attack, and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers of aircraft. Simulation results are presented to show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be performed in spite of the uncertainty in the stability derivatives     

Elastic Robot Control: Nonlinear Inversion and Linear Stabilization

An approach to the control of elastic robot systems for space applications using inversion, servocompensation, and feedback stabilization is presented. For simplicity, a robot arm (PUMA type) with three rotational joints is considered. The third link is assumed to be elastic. Using an inversion algorithm, a nonlinear decoupling control law Ud is derived such that in the closed-loop system independent control of joint angles by the three joint torquers is accomplished. For the stabilization of elastic oscillations, a linear feedback torquer control law us is obtained applying linear quadratic optimization to the linearized arm model augmented with a servocompensator about the terminal state. Simulation results show that in spite of uncertainties in the payload and vehicle angular velocity, good joint angle control and damping of elastic oscillations are obtained with the torquer control law u = ud + us.     

Approach and landing guidance design for reusable launch vehicle using multiple sliding surfaces technique

An autonomous approach and landing (A&L) guidance law is presented in this paper for landing an unpowered reusable launch vehicle (RLV) at the designated runway touchdown.Considering the full nonlinear point-mass dynamics,a guidance scheme is developed in threedimensional space.In order to guarantee a successful A&L movement,the multiple sliding surfaces guidance (MSSG) technique is applied to derive the closed-loop guidance law,which stems from higher order sliding mode control theory and has advantage in the finite time reaching property.The global stability of the proposed guidance approach is proved by the Lyapunov-based method.The designed guidance law can generate new trajectories on-line without any specific requirement on off-line analysis except for the information on the boundary conditions of the A&L phase and instantaneous states of the RLV.Therefore,the designed guidance law is flexible enough to target different touchdown points on the runway and is capable of dealing with large initial condition errors resulted from the previous flight phase.Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law in different scenarios.     

基于虚拟主轴的分数阶趋近律同步控制策略

针对机械臂各关节高精度同步控制问题,选取与传统趋近律不同的分数阶趋近律,采用交叉耦合控制结构,提出了一种基于方差虚拟主轴的分数阶趋近律同步控制策略,并对所提的控制策略进行了稳定性证明。以两关节机械臂为研究对象进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明:所提的控制策略可以使机械臂系统的跟踪误差和同步误差均快速收敛,且具有更快的响应速度和较强的鲁棒性。