TiAl金属间化合物缺口断裂性能

 TiAl合金作为准脆性材料,在其服役过程中由于缺口的存在使得断裂对缺口非常敏感,严重降低了其使用性能,因此需要研究TiAl合金在缺口作用下的断裂性能。采用带缺口的组合拉伸试样研究了温度和拉伸速率对具有近全片层组织Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金缺口断裂性能的影响。结果表明,室温下TiAl合金对缺口非常敏感,随着温度的升高,TiAl合金对缺口敏感性降低,当温度为800 ℃时,TiAl合金对缺口不敏感。TiAl合金在低温区塑性变形是通过位错滑移和变形孪晶引起的,高温下是由扩散控制的位错攀移作用引起的。研究还表明,200 ℃下拉伸速率较低时TiAl合金对缺口不敏感,当拉伸速率增加到较高时,TiAl合金对缺口很敏感。     

基于原位拉伸测定GTN损伤模型参数的5052铝合金成形极限应力图研究(英文)

传统成形极限图(FLD)由第一主应变与第二主应变的比值构成。但FLD依赖于成形历史和应变路径。因此,本文采用成形极限应力图(FLSD)来预测铝合金5052-O1(AA5052-O1)的成形极限。将修订的Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN)塑性势模型用来模拟Nakazima凸模胀形实验。采用带扫描电镜(SEM)的原位拉伸试验观察记录损伤演化过程以确定GTN模型中的材料参数。通过计算AA5052-O1三个损伤阶段的孔洞分数获得GTN模型参数。根据实验结果,原生孔洞体积分数、最大形核孔洞体积分数、临界孔洞体积分数,最终断裂孔洞体积分数分别为0.002918,0.0249,0.030103,0.04854。在断裂前最后一个载荷步获得的应力应变值用来绘制AA5052-O1的FLSD和FLD。与Nakazima凸模胀形试验和单轴拉伸试验结果相比较,预测结果与试验结果较为吻合。由原位拉伸试验确定的模型参数可用于研究韧性金属的成形极限。     

显微组织对Al-Mg-Si合金断裂行为的影响

 <正> The hardness, tensile strength and fatigue properties of an Al-Mg-Si alloy were measured in this paper. The microstructures were observed using a transmission electron microscope. The tensile and fatigue fractures were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the microstructure affects the fracture behavior of the alloy markedly. The alloy exhibits dimpled fracture in UA and OA conditions, and mixed fracture with dimples and intergranular rupture in PA condition. The fatigue cracks were developed with the features of the alloy in UA condition. The cracks were developed with the second stage mode and the striations could be seen on the surface of the fractures for the alloy in PA and OA conditions. But the intergranular fracture and facets could also be seen in the crack initiation area at these conditions.     

铸造钛铝合金组织与力学性能

根据对钛铝合金铸态组织的金相观察,分析了合金元素Ｃｒ,Ｖ,Ｎｂ对铸锭组织的影响。研究发现,合金元素Ｃｒ,Ｖ有利于柱状晶生长,在这种柱状晶组织中γ／α２层片排列具有较强的择优取向,即层片界面垂直于柱状晶生长方向;而Ｎｂ抑制柱状晶生长,且含Ｎｂ的ＴｉＡｌ合金宏观等轴晶区和柱状晶区内层片组织均由等轴状的层片团构成,并以四点弯曲试验结果对不同合金化条件的钛铝合金的力学性能的方向性做了评价。     

L10-TiAl金属间化合物Mn,Nb合金化电子结构的计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法计算了L10型TiAl金属间化合物中掺入Mn,Nb后的电子结构和价键结构.通过合金原子形成热得出Mn优先占据Al点阵位置,Nb优先占据Ti点阵位置.Mulliken聚居数分析发现Mn或Nb合金化后,分别降低了(001)和(002)面内的原子间键合强度,掺入Nb还降低了层间的原子间键合强度,而掺入Mn,则使层间原子间键合强度增加.整体上来讲,掺入Mn有利于改善TiAl的室温脆性,而掺入Nb,不利于改善TiAl的室温脆性.     

不锈钢薄板电子束填丝焊接间隙裕度研究

针对厚度为1.0mm的不锈钢板对接焊缝,进行了不同间隙的焊接试验,并测试了接头室温拉伸性能,研究了不锈钢薄板电子束填丝焊接对焊缝间隙的适应程度。     

原位反应合成Nb掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的显微结构分析

利用Al-Ti-TiO2体系原位反应合成了Nb掺杂Al2O3／TiAl复合材料。借助XRD和SEM研究了Nb掺杂Al2O3／TiAl的显微结构以及Nb引入量对复合材料显微结构的影响。结果表明，复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al、Al2O3、Nb和NbAl3相构成，细小Al2O3颗粒分布于基体晶粒交界处，存在一定的团聚；Nb元素引入量的高低，可调节产物中TiAl和Ti3Al的相对含量，随Nb含量的增大，TiAl含量逐渐减少，Ti3Al则逐渐增大；同时，基体晶粒和Al2O3颗粒均有所细化，且分布逐渐均匀，材料的均匀性得到改善。     

Experimental investigation of laser peening on TiAl alloy microstructure and properties

In order to study the effect of laser peening on microstructures and properties of Ti Al alloy, Ti Al alloy samples were treated by Nd:YAG laser system with the wavelength of 1064 nm,pulse-width of 18 ns, and pulse-energy of 0–10 J. Surface micro-hardness, roughness, and microstructural characteristics were tested with micro-hardness tester, roughness tester and scanning electron microscope. Residual stress and pole figures were tested with X-ray diffraction and its high-temperature stability was analyzed. The experimental results show that surface micro-hardness increases by up to 30%, roughness increases to 0.37 lm, compressive residual stress increases to 337 MPa, and local texture and typical lamellar microstructure are generated. Residual stress, micro-hardness, and(002) pole figures tests are conducted, compressive residual stress value drops from 337 MPa to 260 MPa, hardness value drops from 377 HV_(0.2) to 343 HV_(0.2), and the(002)poles shift back to the center slightly. Laser peening improves microstructure and properties of Ti Al alloy significantly.     

Deposition of aluminide and chromium-modified aluminide coatings on TiAl alloys using the halide-activated pack cementation method

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稀土元素La,Ce对机械合金化TiAl合金显微组织和性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备Ti-44.7Al-xLa-yCe(原子分数/%,下同)合金材料.利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜研究不同La,Ce添加量对机械合金化TiAl基合金的显微组织的影响,并对合金的力学性能进行测试.研究表明,通过机械合金化在TiAl基合金系统中添加微量稀土元素La,Ce对TiAl基合金的细化作用非常明显,TiAl的强度开始随着稀土元素La的增加而增加,当La元素含量为0.5%时,达到峰值,然后强度随稀土含量的增加而下降;而合金的强度却随添加Ce的含量的增加而直线下降,同时添加稀土La的TiAl合金的强度远高于加稀土Ce的TiAl合金的强度.     

AF1410钢电子束焊接接头组织及性能研究

采用电子束扫描焊和修饰焊工艺对5mm AF1410钢板进行电子束焊接。针对热处理前、后的接头,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度仪等对其组织、硬度及拉伸断口进行分析。结果表明:接头热影响区分为浅腐蚀区和深腐蚀区,分别为单一马氏体(M)、M+少量逆转奥氏体(Ar)组织;焊缝区柱状晶分为重熔区、正火区和回火区,晶内为马氏体,晶界附近为残留奥氏体。热处理后,接头组织、显微硬度与母材趋于一致,抗拉强度也达到了母材98%以上,失效裂纹始于热影响区,呈约60°方向扩展并贯穿整个接头。     

铜/镍箔中间层对铝/钢激光焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响

研究以Ni、Ni/Cu箔片为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊接行为,系统考察Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的添加对铝/钢异种激光焊接接头组织与性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对焊缝横截面的组织形貌和各区域的元素分布进行观察分析,利用X射线衍射仪对焊接接头的主要物相进行分析,并利用电子万能试验机对焊接接头进行拉伸实验以表征其力学性能,结果表明:Cu/Ni箔片做复合中间层加入时,其中加入0.02 mm厚Cu箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1754.72 N;加入0.05 mm厚Cu箔片时的最大剪切力为734.97 N,相比只添加Ni箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力反而下降。Cu箔片的添加使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生改变,同时增加了熔池的流动性。在靠近不锈钢侧的Fe-Al脆性相中的部分Fe原子被Cu原子取代生成新的二元韧性相,从而抑制Fe-Al二元脆性金属间化合物的生成,有效改善铝/钢的焊接性。因此,Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的加入,可以有效地改善铝/钢异种激光焊接过程中的冶金反应,进而提高焊接接头的力学性能。     

Fabrication of Nanostructured Electroforming Copper Layer by Means of an Ultrasonic-assisted Mechanical Treatment

Electroformed copper layer with nanostructure is obtained using a subsequent mechanical treatment under the conditions of ultrasonic vibration according to the demand of high performance material in aeronautics. The microstructure of the electroformed copper layer is observed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The tensile strength is evaluated with a tensile tester. It is found that bulk crystal of electroformed copper's surface layer is changed to nanocrystals (about 10 nm in size) after the ultrasonic-assisted mechanical treatment (UMT) but the whole monocrystalline structure still remains. The tensile strength exhibited by the new copper layer is two times better than the regular electroformed copper layer, while the fracture strain remains constant. In addition, the strengthening mechanism of UMT process is proved to be dislocation strengthening mechanism.     

7085-T651铝合金特厚板组织性能的不均匀性

采用拉伸实验、剥落腐蚀实验、显微组织、化学成分、扫描电镜以及透射电镜和差示扫描量热法分析等手段,研究7085-T651铝合金特厚板组织性能的不均匀性。结果表明：110 mm厚7085-T651特厚板不同厚度层显微组织、力学性能和剥落腐蚀性能存在明显的不均匀性;1/4厚度层抗拉强度最低,为540 MPa,抗剥落腐蚀性能最差,腐蚀等级为EB级;心层抗拉强度最高,为580 MPa;表层抗剥落腐蚀性能最好,腐蚀等级为EA级;1/4层再结晶分数最多,约为47.7%,尺寸较大,约为105μm,晶界及晶内均有平衡相析出,时效析出相尺寸较小,因而力学性能及抗剥落腐蚀性能均最差;中心层再结晶分数最少,约为14.8%,存在大量亚晶,残余的 Al7 Cu2 Fe 相最多,约为1.43%,晶界平衡相尺寸、时效析出相尺寸及PFZ宽度均较大,因而力学性能较好而抗剥落腐蚀性能较差。     

Nb-Si-Mo三元系合金相图

 Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料是一种有望替代镍基超合金用做飞机发动机叶片的新一代超高温结构材料。采用非自耗电弧熔炼技术制备出不同成分的Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪对Nb-Si-Mo三元系合金的相组成和微观组织进行研究。结果表明：Nb-Si-Mo三元系部分液相面投影图（<37.5 at% Si）含有4个初生相区,其立体相图中存在2个液固四相平衡反应和1个固态四相平衡反应。在2个液固四相平衡反应面之间存在一个三相共晶平衡棱柱,成分位于该棱柱内的合金会通过L→Nbss+β-Nb5Si3反应凝固生成Nbss/β-Nb5Si3片层共晶。     

真空吸铸TiAl基合金组织研究

利用金属型真空吸铸技术获得了TiAl基合金薄板件,并研究了该铸件的铸态组织以及合金元素对其组织的影响。实验结果表明:由于金属型的强制冷却作用,金属型真空吸铸的Ti-47Al合金薄板铸件铸态组织细小,平均晶粒尺寸在60μm左右;W元素的添加有利于B2相的形成,从而细化组织,其机理是B2相阻碍了α晶粒长大;Si元素添加生成的Ti5Si3相,主要分布在晶界处,形成的Ti5Si3第二相质点会阻碍TiAl基合金凝固过程中组织的长大,有利于细化TiAl基合金组织。     

Influence of laser shock peening on surface integrity and tensile property of high strength low alloy steel

Laser Shock Peening (LSP) is a well-established surface treatment commonly used to improve mechanical properties of material's surfaces. To further understand the relationship between tensile property and fatigue life improvement of high strength low alloy steel in the LSP process, LSP treatment of 32CrNi high strength low alloy steel was carried out by YAG laser with pulse energy of 15 J, and tensile property was tested by electronic universal material testing machine. Surface morphology, residual stress and tensile fracture of the specimens before and after LSP were observed by white light interferometer (WLI), X-ray measuring apparatus and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result shows that LSP did not change tensile strength of 32CrNi steel but cause yield characteristic transform from obvious yield point to no yield phenomenon which is the only factor benefiting fatigue life, indicating that the increment of fatigue life was probably related to the disappearance of yield phenomenon. Formation mechanisms of tensile fractures and yield phenomenon induced by LSP at room temperature were also discussed and completely revealed. Deeper compressive residual stress and flat grains contributed to the transition of yield characteristic and lower elongation rate of 32CrNi steel subjected to LSP.     

TiAl合金精密成形技术研究进展

综述了TiAl合金成形技术的研究现状,着重介绍了铸锭冶金、粉末冶金、精密铸造、挤压和锻造、板材制备等精密成形技术。     

以Ti/V/Cu、V/Cu为中间层的TiAl合金

用真空扩散连接方法对TiAl/Ti/V/Cu/40Cr钢及TiAl/V/Cu/40Cr钢进行了研究。结果表明,以Ti/V/Cu作中间层的接头拉伸强度高于以V/Cu作中间层的接头强度。界面分析显示,Ti/V、V/Cu、Cu/40Cr钢的各个结合界面处未形成金属间化合物,而TiAl/Ti的结合界面上有Ti3Al产生;在TiAl/V的界面上有Ti3Al、Al3V两种金属间化合物产生;界面上脆性金属间化合物的产生是接头发生断裂的原因。     

2Cr16Ni2MoN不锈钢组织与性能研究

通过拉伸测试、冲击测试、硬度测试、透射电镜及扫描电镜观察分析等手段研究了不同热处理状态下2Cr16Ni2MoN不锈钢的组织与性能.研究结果表明,钢采用低于1000℃的固溶温度,组织中存在未溶的(Cr,Mo)23C6,当固溶温度高于1100℃时,马氏体板条明显粗化,均对钢的力学性能不利,钢比较适宜的固溶温度为1040℃.该钢时效硬化的主要原因是组织中析出与基体共格的(Cr,Fe,Mo)2C碳化物.钢经1040℃固溶,560℃时效可以获得较好的强度与韧性配合.