Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods(chromium plating, TiAlN coating, surface polishing and nitriding treatment)were applied to the H13 surfaces. Taking the coefficient of friction(CoF) and the wear degree as evaluation indicators, the high-temperature tribological behavior of the surface modified H13 steel was experimentally investigated under different tribological conditions. The results of this study indicate that the tribological properties of the TiAlN coating under dry friction condition are better than the others for a wide range of temperature(from room temperature to 500 C), while there is little difference of tribological properties between different surface modifications under graphite lubricated condition, and the variation law of CoF with temperature under graphite lubricated is opposite to that under the dry friction.     

γ-TiAl金属间化合物合金激光表面合金化组织与摩擦学性能

分别利用预涂活性碳粉和 Ti C粉 2种方法对γ-Ti Al基合金 Ti-4 8Al-2 Cr-2 Nb进行激光表面合金化,制得了无裂纹、表面光滑、内部组织致密、厚度可达 1.6mm以上的、以硬质 Ti C树枝晶为增强相的快速凝固“原位”金属基耐磨复合材料表面改性层,分别采用 OM,SEM,EDS,XRD等方法分析了激光合金化耐磨表面改性层的显微组织,分别在销 -环滑动磨损、Si C纤维刷式高速滑动磨损及微动磨损条件下评价了激光表面改性层的摩擦学性能。结果表明 :采用上述 2种方法所获激光表面合金层组织均匀、与基体间结合为完全冶金结合,合金层硬度及在 3种磨损条件下的耐磨性均大幅度提高。激光表面合金化是提高γ-Ti Al合金摩擦性能的一种很有前途的表面改性方法     

钛合金表面镍基喷焊涂层的组织和耐磨行为

采用火焰喷焊技术对钛合金表面进行耐磨改性,可以较好地解决实施工艺过程中的工程适应性问题,但对于任何一种表面耐磨处理技术,耐磨性能的改善和提高都是其最终目的。考察了钛合金表面上3种不同成分的镍基火焰喷焊涂层的组织和耐磨行为。研究发现,3种成分的镍基涂层都具有韧基体+硬质相的耐磨组织,其基体均为强韧性很好的镍基固溶体,但硬质相的差别较大。在相同试验条件下,100%的F102涂层、含4%La2O3的稀土复合涂层和含25%WC的N i-WC复合涂层的磨损失重仅为未处理钛合金的1/6,1/8和1/10。试验结果表明,采用火焰喷焊技术对钛合金表面进行耐磨处理,可以有效地改善表面的耐磨性。     

航空航天用钛合金表面工程技术研究进展

钛合金以其高比强度、低密度等优点,被广泛应用于航空航天零件中.然而,钛合金也存在硬度低、耐磨性差、高温氧化抗力差等弱点,表面应力集中敏感导致的疲劳问题也较突出,需利用表面工程技术克服磨损、腐蚀和疲劳3大问题.介绍了近10年来钛合金耐磨涂层、抗氧化涂层与抗疲劳表面改性技术的研究进展,并对技术发展趋势进行了展望,为表面工程...     

激光增材制造钛合金构件的化学抛光工艺研究

采用HNO3-HF抛光液对激光选区熔化钛合金制件进行化学抛光,以试样表面粗糙度、减薄及失重变化为指标探究了抛光过程中不同温度和时间对钛合金增材制件抛光效果的影响。通过电化学测量、拉伸试验、残余应力测试等方法对比分析了化学抛光前后钛合金试样的电化学和力学性能。结果表明在温度30℃、反应时间10min下抛光钛合金可以取得较理想的抛光效果,试样表面粗糙度减小、耐腐蚀性能提高。化学抛光后钛合金的强度出现小幅下降,内部原有的残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力。     

Tribological performance of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coating deposited on superelastic 60NiTi alloy for aviation self-lubricating spherical plain bearings

It is imperative to develop a novel matching of metallic substrate and self-lubricating coating for aircraft spherical plain bearing in a wide range of service conditions. As a new type of superelastic material, 60NiTi alloy meets the performance requirements of aerospace bearing materials, but exhibits poor tribological performance, especially under the conditions of dry sliding friction. A Hydrogenated Diamond-Like Carbon (H-DLC) coating was deposited on the 60NiTi alloy to improve its tribological performance. The microstructure and mechanical behavior of the 60NiTi alloy and its H-DLC coating were explored. Results show that improvement of friction and wear performance of the H-DLC coating deposited on the 60NiTi substrate is mainly achieved by graphitization at the friction interface and the transfer film produced on the counterpart ball. The increased friction load leads to intensification of graphitization at the friction interface and formation of continuous and compact transfer film on the surface of the counterpart ball.     

Investigation of Surface Integrity on TC17 Titanium Alloy Treated by Square-spot Laser Shock Peening

Laser shock peening(LSP) is an innovative surface treatment method,which has been shown to greatly improve the fatigue life of many metallic components.This work investigates surface integrity of TC17 titanium alloy treated by LSP with innovative square laser spot.Nd:glass laser with duration of 30 ns and spot size of 4 mm×4 mm is applied.The surface morphology and surface residual stress of the TC17 titanium alloy,treated with varying peening parameters such as laser power density and overlapping ratio,have been studied in detail.The results show that laser pulse energy greatly influences surface morphology and surface residual stress around single-spot treated areas,and compressive residual stresses are saturated as laser pulse energy is over 55 J.There are significantly different surface morphologies and residual stress distributions at the overlapped areas with different overlapping ratios.A relative smooth surface is produced with uniform compressive residual stress distribution at an overlapping ratio of 8 %.The experiment of residual stress relaxation is implemented by measuring residual stress at the center of four overlapped spots and by four point bending fatigue test at the frequency of 105 Hz.The compressive residual stresses induced by LSP are found to relax quite slowly under cyclic fatigue loading.     

Ni基合金与γ-TiAl基合金的固态连接规律研究

通过对Ni基合金进行激光熔覆γ-TiAl基合金涂层处理,对γ-TiAl基合金进行激光表面熔凝处理,提出了一种采用激光表面改性技术和超塑扩散连接相结合的Ni基合金/γ-TiAl基合金连接新技术。研究了合金激光改性层的显微组织特征,探讨了Ni基合金/γ-TiAl基合金固态扩散连接的规律。结果表明:激光表面改性技术提高了Ni基合金/γ-TiAl基合金的连接质量,合金通过激光表面改性处理后,采用连接温度850℃、连接压力60MPa、连接时间1h的连接条件及900℃保温0.5h连接后续热处理,实现了Ni基合金/γ-TiAl基合金的连接。     

空间摩擦学及其材料的研究进展

综述了空间苛刻服役环境及其对空间摩擦学材料性能影响的研究,深入分析了空间环境对空间摩擦材料、空间耐磨材料和空间减摩材料摩擦磨损机理的影响。空间摩擦材料主要应用于空间对接机构及空间机械臂中,应具有稳定的摩擦力矩与优良的抗黏着磨损性能。空间耐磨材料主要应用于空间轴承、齿轮和密封件等部件中,如FeAl金属间化合物在高温下抗蠕变性急剧下降,常通过添加金属元素(Ce,Cr,Mn,Mo,Nb,W等)及固体润滑剂提高材料抗蠕变性能;Ti及其合金常通过表面改性改善黏着性;与基体结合性良好的耐磨涂层可以较大程度的改善材料的耐磨性。空间减摩材料主要指润滑剂与自润滑材料,如软金属Pb、高分子材料PI和PTFE等,以及某些金属的氧化物,氟化物和硫化物等,能较好地降低材料表面的摩擦因数。随着航天科技的发展,亟须开发新型高性能空间摩擦学材料,建立摩擦学材料数据库,以应对国际航天技术发展的挑战。     

Development and Application of Laser Peening in Japan

Recent advances in laser technology have yielded amultitude of innovative processes and applications invarious industries. Laser peening without protectivecoating (LPPC) is a typical example and blazes a trail inthe field of preventive maintenance of operating nuclearfacilities, taking full advantage of inertia-less processover mechanical treatment[1]. LPPC introduces a compres-sive residual stress on metal surface by simply irradiat-ing laser pulses under water environment[2] . A remotepro…     

TC17钛合金铣削刀具磨损对残余应力影响研究

为了获得高性能航空发动机用TC17钛合金材料铣削过程中刀具磨损对残余应力的影响规律,通过对不同刀具后刀面磨损量下铣削工件表层残余应力的测试,建立了刀具磨损对残余应力的影响关系,并对影响机理进行了分析。结果表明,硬质合金刀具低速铣削钛合金时,刀具对已加工表面的挤光效应引起的残余压应力占主导地位;不同刀具后刀面磨损量下,残余压应力沿深度方向先增大达到一个最大压应力值后,然后减小趋向于零应力;表面残余应力、最大残余压应力以及残余应力的影响深度都随刀具后刀面磨损量的增大呈增大趋势。     

航空钛合金抗疲劳表面改性技术研究进展

重点介绍了提高钛合金疲劳性能的表面改性技术的最新研究进展。主要从喷丸强化、激光冲击强化、挤压、滚压、离子注入、滚磨光整加工、水射流喷丸等典型方式对钛合金的加工能力、作用机理,以及加工后零件的残余应力水平和疲劳性能等方面进行了阐述,以期为航空钛合金零件的表面改性提供借鉴。     

含稀土TiCx增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面成功制备了含稀土CeO₂的碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层。运用渗透探伤、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子探针、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等分析和测试方法研究了碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层的成形质量、微观组织、元素分布、硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,涂层内无裂纹缺陷,仅在层间过渡区分布有少量气孔（孔隙率为1.65%）。涂层中物相主要包括富Ti、Cr元素的β固溶体（CrTi₄）、缺位型碳化钛（TiC_x）和稀土氧化物（CeO₂）。熔覆层各微区的碳化钛形貌存在显著差异,熔覆层顶部和中部区域呈发达树枝晶状和针状,而结合区由针状和小尺寸不发达枝晶组成。碳化钛枝晶中碳元素分布不均匀,一次枝晶含碳量高于二次枝晶。基体相中Ni和Cr元素呈现明显偏析,而Al和V元素分布相对均匀。此外,稀土氧化物CeO₂主要分布于TiC_x与CrTi₄相界以及CrTi₄晶粒边界处。与基材相比,尽管TiC_x增强钛基复合涂层具有较高的摩擦系数,但其耐磨性显著增加（提高近52%）。熔覆层和基材磨损机制均为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的复合磨损模式,但熔覆层的磨损程度较轻。     

钛合金表面镍包石墨喷涂层的耐磨性能

为了提高钛合金的表面耐磨性,利用氧乙炔热喷涂枪,在TC4合金表面上制备出镍包石墨涂层。采用MXP-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损实验机,进行钛合金及其镍包石墨涂层的干摩擦磨损实验,并利用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析。实验结果发现,镍包石墨涂层的摩擦系数只有钛合金的一半左右,前者磨损量为后者的1/6,说明镍包石墨涂层可以大大提高钛合金的表面耐磨性能。TC4合金的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,喷涂层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,喷涂层中的石墨润滑相是其耐磨性高的主要原因。     

铝青铜表面激光熔覆层组织与性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术在QAl9-4铝青铜表面熔覆了一层Ni基合金层,以提高QAl9-4铝青铜的耐磨性.为了提高QAl9-4铝青铜对激光的吸收率,实验采用少量自制的粘结剂并配合压力机将合金粉末预置在QAl9-4铝青铜表面,然后激光重熔.通过对QAl9-4铝青铜表面熔覆层组织研究分析表明:熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,无裂纹缺陷的存在;熔覆层组织受凝固速度的影响较大,其表面组织为胞状晶,中部为发达的树枝晶,结合区上部由于基体的激冷作用而呈细晶区,细晶区以下又以树枝晶和胞状晶为主.激光熔覆层的平均硬度是QAl9-4铝青铜基体硬度的3倍多.     

剧烈塑性变形对钛合金热氧化的影响

钛合金热氧化通过在表面形成氧化层和氧扩散层改善其综合性能。热氧化前对钛合金进行剧烈塑性变形可以引入高密度晶界、位错、孪晶界等晶体缺陷及高畸变能,能够促进氧原子吸附、降低氧化物形核温度、加速氧化膜生长并促进氧原子向基体内的扩散,形成更厚、更致密的氧化层和更深的氧扩散区,获得更好的性能。本文对剧烈塑性变形钛合金的热氧化进行综述。首先,介绍了几种常见的剧烈塑性变形方法,总结了钛合金剧烈塑性变形和热氧化复合处理的工艺情况和处理效果。然后,根据氧化物形成的一般过程阐述了剧烈塑性变形引起的微观结构变化对氧原子吸附、氧化物形核、氧化膜形成、氧化膜增厚和氧扩散区形成的影响机理。最后,总结了剧烈塑性变形对氧化膜厚度、氧扩散区范围和氧化物形貌等热氧化微观结构及硬度、摩擦磨损等力学性能的影响,指出了当前研究中存在的问题,并展望了未来的研究方向。     

镁合金AZ91表面弧辉等离子沉积TiN/CrN薄膜的摩擦行为研究

镁合金具有高的比强度、低的弹性模量、减震等优点,在航空航天领域具有很大的应用前景.但是低劣的耐磨性导致镁合金限制于制造静载零件.为改进其耐磨性,采用弧辉等离子沉积的新工艺在镁合金AZ91表面涂覆TiN/CrN多层薄膜.薄膜由12层TiN和CrN交替沉积而成,总厚度为2 μm.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和辉光放电光谱(GDS)分析涂层的成分和微观结构.采用球盘磨损试验测试摩擦系数,并计算出比磨损率.结果表明,与未处理试样相比摩擦系数增大,但磨损率急剧下降.薄膜的表面硬度超过HK0.011433.     

Influences of pulse frequency on formation and properties of composite anodic oxide films on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy

A thick composite anodic oxide film was fabricated in an environmentally friendly malic acid electrolyte containing PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) nanoparticles on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys. The influence of pulse frequency on the morphology, microstructure and composition of composite anodic oxide films containing PTFE nanoparticles was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties in terms of the friction coefficient, wear loss and morphology of worn surfaces were measured by ball-on-disc tests. The electrochemical property was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that the titanium dioxide of composite anodic oxide films transformed from anatase to rutile with the change of pulse frequency, which could result from the electrochemical dynamic equilibrium. The combination of PTFE nanoparticles and malic acid electrolyte molecules can influence the energy fluctuation of electrochemical equilibrium and formation of composite anodic oxide films. Moreover, composite anodic oxide films fabricated under the condition of 1.0–2.0 Hz exhibited the best wear resistance and corrosion property. The schematic diagram of the film formation and PTFE nanoparticles spreading process under different frequencies was elucidated.     

金属材料激光表面改性与高性能金属零件激光快速成形技术研究进展

 简要报道本实验室目前在先进航空金属材料激光表面改性及高性能金属零件激光快速成形技术研究与应用的新进展。主要内容包括 :(1 )钛合金耐磨阻燃激光表面合金化与激光熔覆表面改性技术;(2 )刷式密封及指尖密封跑道高温自润滑耐磨涂层新材料及其激光熔覆制备新技术;(3 )难熔金属硅化物复合材料高温耐磨耐蚀多功能涂层新材料及激光熔覆涂层技术;(4 )高性能 /梯度性能钛合金及高温合金结构件激光快速成形技术。     

TC11钛合金微动磨损及疲劳防护工艺的探讨

对 TC1 1钛合金抗微动磨损及抗微动疲劳的表面强化工艺进行了研究。试验结果表明,渗氮、等离子喷涂 1 2 % Co包 WC及 α-Al2 O3、离子镀 Ti N及 ( Ti+ B) N、离子注入 N+等对TC1 1钛合金的抗微动磨损能力均有所改善。其中,离子镀 Ti N及 ( Ti+ B) N防护效果较好,形成的表面强化层自身强度高且具有一定厚度,与基体结合性好,降低摩擦系数,使材料的抗微动磨损能力有较大的提高