电火花内圆磨床改造及其应用

分析了电液伺服阀内孔和内环槽加工的难点及电加工的特点,重点介绍了电火花内圆磨床的改造和电参数的选择以及应用电火花内圆磨床取得的技术经济效果.     

钛合金TC4电火花诱导可控烧蚀高效磨削技术研究

利用大部分金属尤其是难加工金属的可燃特性,开发一种针对难加工金属材料的新加工工艺——电火花(EDM)诱导可控烧蚀高效磨削技术。采用开槽导电砂轮进行磨削加工,首先利用导电区域与加工材料产生电火花诱导放电并通入助燃氧气,使材料表面产生电火花引燃烧蚀并软化,然后将已烧蚀和软化的材料磨除,对钛合金TC4进行烧蚀磨削试验,并与常规电火花磨削和机械磨削进行对比,分析了材料去除率(RMM)、表面质量和机床主轴电机功率变化等指标。结果表明,在试验条件下,烧蚀磨削在放电利用率提高的同时可获得表面粗糙度为0.59 μm的加工表面,与机械磨削的表面粗糙度值相近,而相同条件下电火花磨削的表面粗糙度为1.29 μm。由于烧蚀后产生了软化层,在切深小于软化层厚度的条件下,相对于电火花磨削和机械磨削状况,烧蚀磨削主轴电机功率相比空载时的增加值分别降低了95.2%和96.8%。此工艺方法可大大提高难加工材料的可磨削性能。     

微小孔的磨削

磨削加工,就是把前面工序剩下的余量加工到要求的尺寸和光洁度。为了保证磨削质量的稳定,必须考虑加工方法并选择合理的机床结构。内圆磨削加工与其它磨削加工相比,如果工件直径和砂轮直径近似子1比1,磨削     

航发涡轮叶片气膜孔的磨削加工实验

针对目前航空发动机涡轮叶片气膜孔加工精度低和重熔层难去除的问题,提出了"电火花打孔、磨削扩孔"的新型气膜孔加工工艺,研制出小孔磨削专用微细CBN砂轮并对电火花气膜孔进行了磨削工艺实验。实验结果表明:经磨削加工后气膜孔圆度降低50.9%,孔径尺寸标准差降低90.7%,表面粗糙度降低65.9%,重熔层被全部去除,证明了航发涡轮叶片气膜孔磨削加工的可行性。     

ELID精密镜面磨削技术的开发应用

介绍了ELID磨削技术在精密加工中的开发应用。采用自行开发的ELID磨削工艺系统对硬质合金、工程陶瓷、高速钢进行精密镜面平面、内圆和外圆磨削,得到了表面粗糙度Ra=0.003～0.025μm的加工表面。     

超细晶硬质合金加工机理及加工性能

围绕超细晶硬质合金精密磨削加工、在线电解修整磨削加工、电火花加工、超声复合加工、激光复合加工等加工方法,系统综述了超细晶硬质合金的加工机理和加工性能,并展望了超细晶硬质合金高效精密加工未来的研究重点。     

基于ANSYS电火花磨削蜂窝环温度场仿真研究

建立电火花磨削蜂窝环的单脉冲放电模型,利用ANSYS对电火花磨削蜂窝环时的温度场分布进行有限元模拟,得到在不同峰值电流和脉宽条件下,放电点的温度场分布以及电参数与蚀除凹坑大小之间的关系。计算出蜂窝环放电凹坑的几何特征,与实际磨削条件下的表面粗糙度进行对比,并根据其加工特点进行修正,经修正后模拟的单脉冲放电凹坑几何特征可以近似表征实际连续电火花磨削的表面粗糙度。利用有限元模拟电火花磨削蜂窝环的温度场分布规律是可行的,且模拟过程精确、迅速。     

特种加工工艺及模具制造

NC电火花成型加工机床的现状[日]/冈村丰∥金属。1989,21(5)。25～34 应用NC电火花成型加工机床和Sodick MARK系列NC电火花放电装置,其加工精度能达到0.01～0.005mm,表面粗糙度可达到Ry 1μm,可省略磨削加工的时间,扩大了电加工的应用范围。     

三相变流机定子内孔加工的探索

探讨了形状较复杂的薄壁零组件的切削加工；三立往夹具的设计、制造、使用与加工件的质量问题．以及内圆磨床的改造利用，指出了抽风设备在磨削加工中的作用．     

电火花磨床成型加工工艺研究

通过对专用于航空发动机蜂窝加工的电火花蜂窝磨床的功能开发和工艺研究,实现对环形件外型面的电火花成型加工。该方法是一种独创的新型加工工艺,突破了传统电火花磨床只能磨削加工环形蜂窝件内径的束缚,实现了实体工件外型面低成本、高效能的大余量去除和成型加工,有效地解决了难加工材料、特殊结构表面余量去除困难,刀具悬臂梁加工振动大,刀具损耗大的技术难题。     

Interference and grinding characteristics in ultra-precision grinding of thin-walled complex structural component using a ball-end grinding wheel

As for ultra-precision grinding of difficult-to-process thin-walled complex components with ball-end grinding wheels, interference is easy to occur. According to screw theory and grinding kinematics, a mathematical model is established to investigate the interference and grinding characteristics of the ball-end wheel. The relationship between grinding wheel inclination angle, C axis rotation angle, grinding position angle and grinding wheel wear are analyzed. As the grinding wheel inclination angle increases, the C axis rotatable range decreases and the grinding position angle increases. The grinding position angle and wheel radius wear show a negative correlation with the C axis rotation angle. Therefore, a trajectory planning criteria for increasing grinding speed as much as possible under the premise of avoiding interference is proposed to design the grinding trajectory. Then grinding point distribution on the ball-end wheel is calculated, and the grinding characteristics, grinding speed and maximum undeformed chip thickness, are investigated. Finally, a complex structural component can be ground without interference, and surface roughness and profile accuracy are improved to 40.2 nm and 0.399 μm, compared with 556 nm and 3.427 μm before ultra-precision grinding. The mathematical model can provide theoretical guidance for the analysis of interference and grinding characteristics in complex components grinding to improve its grinding quality.     

基于灵活磨削空间的面向复杂型面工件的机器人砂带磨削系统的结构尺寸优化研究(英文)

为了提高机器人砂带磨削系统加工复杂型面工件的磨削质量,提出了灵活磨削点和灵活磨削空间的概念,并且对其进行了定义。分析了影响灵活磨削空间的各种因素,提出了确定灵活磨削空间的方法。基于粒子群法,提出了一种通过优化磨削机器人的结构尺寸以及机器人相对于磨削轮的位置关系以获得足够灵活磨削空间的策略。最后,以磨削航空发动机叶片为例,利用本文提出的优化策略对一台专用的PPPRRR型磨削机器人的结构尺寸以及此机器人相对于磨削轮的位置关系进行了优化。仿真结果表明,如果叶片被置于此灵活磨削空间内,那么仅需使用一套夹具和一台磨削机即可实现复杂型面的磨削。     

碳化硼材料动压气浮轴承零件精密加工

针对高精度、高硬度、高脆性碳化硼材料的动压气浮轴承零件精密加工存在加工合格率低和效率低的问题，进行了加工流程、精密磨削与精密研磨的技术改进。首先，采用电火花套切方法去除大部分加工余量、小余量精密磨削和精密研磨加工的工艺方法，提高了轴承零件加工效率。其次，通过设计制作专用高精度定位磨削夹具和金刚石砂轮修整装置，解决了轴承零件磨削加工形位精度不高和砂轮无法进行在位修整的问题。最后，通过研制圆柱面精密研磨机，解决由于原有研磨设备精度差造成的加工质量和效率低的问题。通过采取技术改进措施，实现了碳化硼轴承零件亚微米级形位精度的磨削加工，提高了轴承零件的加工精度、合格率和加工效率。     

Al2O3陶瓷蠕动进给超声磨削特性试验研究

在改装成的超声磨削机床上进行了陶瓷超声磨削与普通磨削的对比试验,以揭示蠕动进给超声磨削加工的磨削特性及其材料去除机理。结果表明:当超声振动方向与磨削进给方向相同时,超声振动所引起的抛磨作用非常显著,超声磨削的表面粗糙度比机械磨削的低;Al2O3陶瓷在一般条件下超声磨削的去除方式仍属于脆性断裂,以晶粒粉碎、穿晶断裂为主,但伴随有沿晶断裂、弹性划擦、塑性流动等现象。     

单颗磨粒磨削实验及其数值模拟的研究进展

单颗磨粒磨削是研究复杂磨削机理的重要手段,本文从单颗磨粒磨削过程和磨粒形状的角度阐述了磨削基础理论;概述了国内外学者以实验研究单颗磨粒的材料去除、切削力行为;基于数值模拟,探讨了不同工艺参数对单颗磨粒磨削力、磨削温度、工件表面质量的影响规律。最后就这一方向的深入研究工作做了展望。     

Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.     

Analysis of grinding mechanics and improved grinding force model based on randomized grain geometric characteristics

Too high grinding force will lead to a large increase in specific grinding energy, resulting in high temperature in grinding zone, especially for the aerospace difficult cutting metal materials,seriously affecting the surface quality and accuracy. At present, the theoretical models of grinding force are mostly based on the assumption of uniform or simplified morphological characteristics of grains, which is inconsistent with the actual grains. Especially for non-engineering grinding wheel,most g...     

高纯钨磨削加工试验研究

为探究适用于高纯钨磨削加工的砂轮,使用80~#绿碳化硅砂轮和金刚石砂轮开展磨削对比试验,从工件表面粗糙度角度评价上述两种砂料对高纯钨磨削加工表面的影响。试验结果表明,绿碳化硅砂轮对应的工件得到了更理想的表面粗糙度。使用绿碳化硅砂轮开展工艺试验,分析在不同磨削参数下加工表面粗糙度的变化趋势,以此为依据对高纯钨磨削加工工艺参数进行评价与优化。综合考虑加工表面粗糙度以及加工效率,得出适合于钨磨削加工的参数为砂轮线速度v_s=23m/s、磨削深度a_p=8μm、工作台进给速度v_w=10m/min,该参数下得到的表面粗糙度均值为0.336μm。     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题。针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明,3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料在砂轮磨损和表面粗糙度方面未表现出明显差异,而通过对磨削力和磨削温度的综合评价发现粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮的磨削性能更优。3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料的磨削比在0.5~3之间。在正常磨削条件下,3种砂轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra小于0.4μm。同时发现,砂轮磨损(主要包括磨粒的破碎和脱落)是造成磨削表面缺陷形成的重要原因。