Ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar for the detection of buriedmetallic mines

The suitability of ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar as a tool for the detection of buried metallic mines is explored in this paper. The analysis centers around a 200-800 MHz, dual-polarized ground penetrating radar (GPR) designed and built by SRI International. The analysis consisted of fusing the images from the dual polarizations into a single image to enhance the target objects and suppress clutter. Results are shown for several variations of a Mahalanobis-based fusion technique, and “soft decision” minefield detection results based upon Monte Carlo statistical techniques are also presented. Although relatively few scenes were analyzed, these results show that the dual-polarized GPR is potentially very effective at finding buried mines and minefields     

Recent advances in the aerothermodynamics of spiked hypersonic vehicles

Among a variety of design requirements, reducing the drag and aeroheating on hypersonic vehicles is the most crucial one. Unfortunately, these two objectives are often conflicting. On one hand, sharp slender forebodies design reduces the drag and ensures longer ranges and more economic flights. However, they are more vulnerable to aerodynamic heating. On the other hand, blunt forebodies produce more drag, however, they are preferred as far as aeroheating is concerned. In addition, in the context of hypersonic vehicles, blunt geometries are preferred over slender ones for practical implications such as higher volumetric efficiency, better accommodation of crew or on-board equipment.In principle, a blunt vehicle flying at hypersonic speeds generates a strong bow shock wave ahead of its nose, which is responsible for the high drag and aeroheating levels. There have been a number of efforts devoted towards reducing both the drag and the aeroheating by modifying the flowfield ahead of the vehicle's nose. Of these techniques, using spikes is the simplest and the most reliable technique. A spike is simply a slender rod attached to the stagnation point of the vehicle's nose. The spike replaces the strong bow shock with a system of weaker shocks along with creating a zone of recirculating flow ahead of the forebody thus reducing both drag and aeroheating.Since their introduction to the high-speed vehicles domain in the late 1940s, spikes have been extensively studied using both experimental facilities and numerical simulation techniques. The present paper is devoted to surveying these studies and illustrating the contributions of the authors in this field. The paper also raises some of the areas in the field that need further investigations.     

基于对角占优的航空发动机多变量控制

提出了以对角占优为基础,结合线性矩阵不等式进行航空发动机多变量控制系统频域预补偿器的设计。该方法通过使用有界实引理,将多变量频域预补偿器的设计问题与线性矩阵不等式的求解方法相结合,以达到削弱航空发动机多变量控制系统强耦合的目的。仿真验证表明,该方法有效地削弱了通道间的耦合,降低了控制器的阶次。     

基于自动核构造高斯过程的导弹气动性能预测

在导弹的初期设计阶段,通常需要对导弹的气动性能进行快速粗略评估。针对传统工程估算软件计算精度低和CFD方法计算代价大的缺陷,提出一种基于高斯过程回归（GPR）代理模型快速预测典型导弹气动性能的方案。以导弹外形参数和攻角作为模型输入,升力系数、阻力系数和力矩系数作为模型输出,对GPR模型的气动性能预测结果进行分析。首先,与其他常用代理模型的预测精度对比,GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别仅为0.24%、0.36%和0.36%,高于其他代理模型的预测精度。其次,考虑GPR模型核函数选择严重依赖人工先验知识的问题,采用了一种自动核构造算法,无需先验知识即可从数据中自动学习核函数。将该算法嵌入GPR框架中,与传统GPR模型比较,实验结果表明：基于该算法的GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别降低到0.10%、0.22%和0.17%。最后,给出导弹气动性能快速预测的应用实例,结果表明所提出的GPR模型的导弹气动性能预测方案是有效的,能够满足设计初期快速且精确的气动性能预测需求。     

测绘导航高精度定位关键技术及应用

人工智能(AI)、卫星导航及室内定位三大技术的快速发展持续推动测绘科技向智能化、学科交叉、信息融合的方向发展。指出了装备虚拟化与数据处理多样化将成为测绘导航的基本形态，拓展了测绘学科的内涵与外延。智能滤波是未来测绘导航定位理论发展的重要方向，AI芯片将成为测绘导航装备的关键部件，从而提高滤波效率与产品的实用性。给出了车载导航模组研制的技术流程，提出了模组原始信息同步采集与延时补偿、自适应定位算法及嵌入式固件时间分片优化等关键技术，研制了覆盖分米、厘米及毫米级定位精度的无缝组网定位、车载导航及变形监测模组，并研发了相应的终端系统，针对相应的应用领域，给出了各自应用的解决方案，以及具体的应用案例。     

随机振动载荷作用下的结构疲劳寿命估算

介绍了随机过程功率谱密度(PSD)函数的特性,讨论了在各种不同随机振动载荷下应用有限元分析(FEA)获得的应力响应功率谱密度(PSD)函数寿命预测的公式,并设计出具有实际应用价值的、可用于飞机研制工作的结构疲劳寿命估算计算机程序(FORTRAN程序)。为说明寿命预测的实际过程,文中最后对某型号飞机减速板进行了结构疲劳寿命的估算。     

红外焦平面阵列串音测试技术研究

介绍了基于网络的红外焦平面阵列串音测试系统的设计,详细阐述了网络控制、精密位移、精确调焦、器件最佳工作点调整、系统噪声降低的原理和实现方法.     

NeoCASS: An integrated tool for structural sizing, aeroelastic analysis and MDO at conceptual design level

This paper presents a design framework called NeoCASS (Next generation Conceptual Aero-Structural Sizing Suite), developed at the Department of Aerospace Engineering of Politecnico di Milano in the frame of SimSAC (Simulating Aircraft Stability And Control Characteristics for Use in Conceptual Design) project, funded by EU in the context of 6th Framework Program. It enables the creation of efficient low-order, medium fidelity models particularly suitable for structural sizing, aeroelastic analysis and optimization at the conceptual design level.The whole methodology is based on the integration of geometry construction, aerodynamic and structural analysis codes that combine depictive, computational, analytical, and semi-empirical methods, validated in an aircraft design environment.The work here presented aims at including the airframe and its effect from the very beginning of the conceptual design. This aspect is usually not considered in this early phase. In most cases, very simplified formulas and datasheets are adopted, which implies a low level of detail and a poor accuracy. Through NeoCASS, a preliminar distribution of stiffness and inertias can be determined, given the initial layout. The adoption of empirical formulas is reduced to the minimum in favor of simple numerical methods. This allows to consider the aeroelastic behavior and performances, as well, improving the accuracy of the design tools during the iterative steps and lowering the development costs and reducing the time to market.The result achieved is a design tool based on computational methods for the aero-structural analysis and Multi-Disciplinary Optimization (MDO) of aircraft layouts at the conceptual design stage. A complete case study regarding the TransoniCRuiser aircraft, including validation of the results obtained using industrial standard tools like MSC/NASTRAN and a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code, is reported. As it will be shown, it is possible to improve the degree of fidelity of the conceptual design process by including tailored numerical tools, overcoming the lacks of statistical methods. The result is a method minimally dependent on datasheets, featuring a good compromise between accuracy and costs.     

建设工程项目工期优化分析

分析了传统的工期优化方法存在的不足，考虑建设项目提前投产的经济效益、缩短工期减少承包商固定资产占用带来的效益、缩短工期减少投资项目的固定资产及流动资金的上用时给业主带来的资金时间价值等因素，建立了工期优化的理论模型，与传统的工期——成本优化方法进行了比较分析，并给出了实用的优化方法。     

Performance of an adaptive feature-based processor for a wideband ground penetrating radar system

A two-stage algorithm for landmine detection with a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system is described. First, 3-D data sets are processed using a computationally inexpensive pre-screening algorithm which flags potential locations of interest. These flagged locations are then passed to a feature-based processor which further discriminates target-like anomalies from naturally occurring clutter. Current field trial (over 6500 square meters) and blind test results (over 39000 square meters) are presented and these show at least an order of magnitude improvement over other radar system-based detection algorithms on the same test lanes.     

A Sequential Detector

The PRSD detector improves radar performance by controlling the distribution of energy in space, thus making a radar adaptive to its environment. An increase in performance over classical detectors may be realized in any of several ways: 1) greater maximum range; 2) smaller minimum detectable targets; 3) higher data rates; 4) lower average transmitted power, which allows smaller size and weight of equipment. The model of the PRSD detector described herein was tested with a semi-agile beam radar, and gave measured field performance improvement (for this particular radar) equivalent to an S/N increase ranging from 5 to 22 dB with a mean of 9.5 dB. This increase is greater than the 5-dB improvement predicted for the system in a white noise environment because many of the field tests were at locations subjected to heavy interference. The PRSD detector was extremely effective reducing the interference. In this paper, we will briefly review the theory of operation, describe the equipment and the method of test, and present experimental data. The data presented here are essential to a complete understanding of sequential detection since a rigorous theory encompassing multiple range bin radar has not been developed at this time. Finally, an extensive bibliography is appended.     

A Closely Regulated TWT Converter

The design concept for the traveling wave tube amplifier converter for possible use in the Thermoelectric Outer Planet Spacecraft (TOPS) is presented. An unusual combination of semiconductors and magnetics were utilized to achieve very stable voltage regulation on a number of separate outputs to satisfy the requirements of a high-power traveling wave tube (TWT), and at the same time operate at an efficiency of better than 90 percent from a 30-volt source. The circuitry consists of an output filter, an auxiliary Jensen oscillator driving a high-reactance transformer to provide current limiting to the heater, a variable time delay, a main Jensen oscillator driving the power transformer with a maximum step-up ratio of 120 to 1, and series transistorized post regulators to provide precise voltage adjustment and low output impedance. This paper discusses the design of the high-reactance transformer and the high step-up ratio transformer, as well as the high-voltage series regulators that are limited in range and operate at the top of the unregulated output voltage. Test data is presented, and details of current transients caused by charging the filter circuits, input current ripple, and output voltage ripples are considered. The circuit provides better than 0.5 percent regulation against load change, input voltage change, and over-operating temperature range of from -20 to + 80°C, with output ripple voltage of less than 2 volts peak-to-peak on top of the 3600-Vdc output. The measured efficiency was typically 87 percent. and recommendations are included to improve this to in excess of 90 percent.     

重气体离心压缩机三元叶轮的设计及实验

利用一种基于准三元流动理论S2流面的逆命题方程, 研究了重气体离心压缩机三元叶轮的设计方法及提高性能的措施。对设计的两个三元叶轮模型级进行了实验测量, 获得了优良的性能曲线。还研究了不同工况下叶轮出口动压分布, 分析了各部件的损失特性。      

Aerodynamic multi-objective integrated optimization based on principal component analysis

Based on improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm with principal component analysis (PCA) methodology,an efficient high-dimension multiobjective optimization method is proposed,which,as the purpose of this paper,aims to improve the convergence of Pareto front in multi-objective optimization design.The mathematical efficiency,the physical reasonableness and the reliability in dealing with redundant objectives of PCA are verified by typical DTLZ5 test function and multi-objective correlation analysis of supercritical airfoil,and the proposed method is integrated into aircraft multi-disciplinary design (AMDEsign) platform,which contains aerodynamics,stealth and structure weight analysis and optimization module.Then the proposed method is used for the multi-point integrated aerodynamic optimization of a wide-body passenger aircraft,in which the redundant objectives identified by PCA are transformed to optimization constraints,and several design methods are compared.The design results illustrate that the strategy used in this paper is sufficient and multi-point design requirements of the passenger aircraft are reached.The visualization level of non-dominant Pareto set is improved by effectively reducing the dimension without losing the primary feature of the problem.     

Design of an image radiation monitor for ILS glide slope

The design of a monitor that measures changes in ground reflected image radiation is presented. This monitor is shown to be theoretically capable of determining the effects of snow cover and standing water in the vicinity of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) image-type glide slope, thereby reducing the number and length of outages. A discussion of errors and calibration are presented, along with an example of a practical design     

一种估算ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的方法

ETOPS时间限制系统的时间性能要求是飞机系统设计的重要输入,是确保飞机系统设计满足最大ETOPS改航能力的前提.结合工程经验以及ETOPS运行特点,提出了一种估算ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的方法.通过案例计算表明,航路温度和风对于确定ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的影响是明显的.提出的计算、分析方法可用于飞机设计阶段对ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的工程估算.     

大攻角机翼的气动弹性计算方法

 本文利用大攻角带分离流机翼的完全非定常非线性气动力计算方法,通过与机翼运动方程的同时求解,在时间域内实现了大攻角机翼非线性气动弹性的数值模拟,根据弹性机翼各种状态下的运动过程,可以得到大攻角机翼的颤振速度等重要参数以及亚临界、超临界等飞行状态的运动规律。算例结果表明,大攻角下机翼的气动弹性问题需引起足够的重视。     

弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器设计因素研究

本文研究了一种新型挤压油膜阻尼器——弹性环式挤压油脱阻尼器（ERSFD）以改善传统挤压油膜阻尼器（SFD）的油膜力特性。通过对ERSFD数学物理模型的求解，研宄了ERSFD油膜力特性，研究表明弹性环的变形能够从动地改善偏心率。从而有效改善刚度非线性。另外，本文也研究了影响油膜力特性的结构参数，为适合于工程应用的ERSFD结构设计奠定了基础。