一种基于小波分析的时变飞行品质准则

Ⅲ型驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)是由飞机特性突变引起的人机不良耦合,具有非线性、时变等特点,对现代飞机的飞行安全构成严重威胁。为了研究Ⅲ型PIO问题,介绍了一种基于小波分析的时变飞行品质准则。该准则采用小波分析方法计算驾驶员输出的能量峰值和飞机被控对象的相位滞后两个特征参数,对时变人机系统进行了飞行品质评价。驾驶员在环仿真试验结果表明,该准则不仅能够预测PIO的发生,尤其是Ⅲ型PIO,还能够给出估计的PIO发生时间。研究成果可为Ⅲ型PIO的分析提供有效手段。     

人机闭环飞行品质预测准则研究(英文)

在飞机设计中,应用驾驶员数学模型预测飞机飞行品质是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一。为了研究人机闭环飞行品质预测准则,本文首先建立了具有40个飞机构型的飞行模拟实验数据库。利用该数据库中的实验数据,采用插值方法获得预测驾驶员操纵行为特性的数学模型,由此计算得到了描述人机系统闭环特性的指标。文中分析了Neal-Smith准则和MAI准则的特点,通过研究闭环特性指标与实际驾驶员飞行品质评价结果的关系,对MAI准则边界进行了修正,建立了改进的人机系统飞行品质预测准则。最后,利用改进准则进行飞行品质预测,结果表明,改进后的准则能够比较准确的预测飞机飞行品质。     

主动侧杆操纵的人机特性评价方法

建立了一种主动侧杆的人机系统控制模型,基于Hess的结构驾驶员模型,提出一种研究主动侧杆引导方式下,人机闭环飞行品质评价及PIO预测的方法,并与试验结果进行比较,以验证其合理性.用该评价和预测方法,进一步分析了主动侧杆在反馈俯仰角和俯仰角速度的构型下对飞行品质的影响.结果表明,主动侧杆反馈参数与被控对象特性密切相关,对于难以控制的被控对象,主动侧杆反馈俯仰角速度能取得更好的效果.     

安装主动侧杆的飞机的人机交互控制系统研究

主动侧杆人机交互控制是一种具有广泛应用前景和重要意义的技术，它不仅可以减轻飞行员的负担，也可以提高飞机的性能和安全性。为了解决飞机执行器出现故障时可能出现的飞机失控问题，本文构建了含有主动侧杆的飞机中飞行员与控制增稳系统之间的并联人机交互控制架构，设计了一种新的主动侧杆与飞行员交互方式，主动侧杆不仅传递操纵指令，还通过触觉反馈向飞行员传递飞行状态，使飞行员能够快速感知飞机故障并采取相应措施。同时，设计了控制增稳系统，选用自适应控制器，并在此基础上设计了改进型自适应控制器+PID控制器。利用模糊控制机制动态分配人机控制权重，为飞机系统和飞行员之间的交互提供更加灵活和精确的控制方式。最后，通过仿真验证了所设计的含主动侧杆的人机交互控制方法的有效性。     

民用飞机电传PIO杆力特性设计建议

在民用客机的飞行过程中,驾驶员通过驾驶杆对飞机实施操纵,并希望飞机按照所期望的方式飞行。杆力特性设计的目的是通过设计驾驶员操纵力与控制律指令信号的相互关系,使增稳飞机操纵特性满足有关飞行品质规范的要求,这对于预测和抑制PIO具有重要意义。本文总结了杆力特性对PIO的影响规律,通过采用过载指令构型,设计4组不同的杆力梯度进行对比分析。结果表明,在设计民用电传飞机的杆力梯度时,建议严格按照俯仰机动力梯度等级中的的1级杆力梯度要求选取,驾驶员就能够较为轻松、准确地完成俯仰截获任务。     

副翼卡死故障下的时变驾驶员模型研究

为了研究故障情况下的驾驶员-飞机耦合特性,有必要研究驾驶员时变控制行为的建模方法。基于Hess简化的结构驾驶员模型,引入了自适应逻辑,通过控制回路中两个增益参数的变化体现了驾驶员控制的时变性,并根据某型机副翼卡死故障情况,加入了配平修正模块和驾驶员适应时间,得到适合副翼卡死故障的驾驶员时变控制模型。对比分析人在环仿真试验和人机闭环仿真计算结果,在副翼卡死情况下驾驶员时变控制模型与实际驾驶员的控制结果一致,说明时变驾驶员模型能够描述真实的人类驾驶员控制行为特性。     

基于动力学边界的结冰飞机安全预警方法

结冰严重破坏飞机的动力学特性，使飞机的非线性和动力学耦合特性表现明显，导致传统的安全预警方法无法准确有效地评估飞行存在的潜在风险，易引发飞行事故。为解决此问题，提出了一种基于动力学边界的新型安全预警方法，该方法可综合考虑飞机的动力学耦合特性，可为结冰飞机的实时安全预警系统的构建提供有力的理论支撑。首先，基于微分流形理论确定结冰飞机精确的动力学边界，并详细分析了飞机结冰对动力学边界的影响；其次，利用动力学边界相对距离对飞行风险进行量化，结合动力学边界的特性确定了安全预警的方法；最后，搭建了飞行仿真训练系统，并以着陆为训练科目，通过与传统迎角安全预警方法对比，得到基于动力学边界安全预警方法的优越性。研究结果表明，相比于传统迎角限制方法，动力学边界安全预警方法可提前发现飞行中存在的潜在风险，且基于此方法的飞行训练系统可对驾驶员进行结冰安全操纵训练可提高结冰飞机的飞行安全。     

主动侧杆引导下的Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡抑制

现代飞机采用放宽静稳定性构型和侧杆控制器操纵,使得舵面速率饱和引起的驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）成为影响飞行品质的一个重要因素。针对舵面速率饱和引起的Ⅱ型PIO问题,设计了主动侧杆人感系统,其弹性系数随着舵面偏转速率饱和的发生而改变,从而达到抑制速率饱和的作用。基于主动侧杆引导下的人机闭环系统模型,仿真分析和飞行品质评价验证表明,基于系统误差在线调整人感系统弹性系数,能够降低舵机速率饱和的程度,改善飞行品质,有效抑制舵机速率饱和引起的Ⅱ型PIO。     

俯仰跟踪任务中的驾驶员神经网络模型辨识

 在飞机设计中,应用驾驶员数学模型预测飞机飞行品质是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一。为了提高飞行品质的预测精度,采用人工神经网络(NN)方法进行驾驶员模型辨识,着重研究该模型对不同飞机被控对象的适应能力。首先,详细分析了驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务的操纵行为特点,提出适用于该驾驶员行为描述的神经网络模型结构形式。然后,根据对不同被控对象进行俯仰跟踪实时仿真实验的结果,对神经网络模型参数进行识别。最后,对模型辨识结果进行了精度评价。研究结果表明,该辨识方法适用于研究具有不同增益、不同短周期振荡频率飞机被控对象的驾驶员操纵行为特性。     

人——机系统动态特性的实时仿真与品质评价

飞机的飞行品质不仅取决于飞机本体学特性和驾驶员操纵动力学特性，更重点的是取决于驾驶员－飞机系统闭环特性。通过一名驾驶员在模拟工作台上，完成对某机在不同飞行状态下的俯仰跟踪仿真任务辨识得出驾驶员操纵动力学模型；对驾驶员－飞机闭环系统数学模型进行数字仿真得出系统动态响应。     

To a problem of aircraft control system design with given dynamic parameters

In the design of an aircraft at the stage of selecting its geometrical parameters, a method is proposed for evaluating the performance capabilities of manual control to ensure the quality of a given flight stabilization mode. The attainability of the given aircraft-pilot dynamic properties is evaluated by a frequency-domain method for permissible values of the aircraft and the pilot model parameters. The quality of the manual control for the longitudinal motion of the aircraft is evaluated.     

QFT force loop design for the aerodynamic load simulator

A dynamic load simulator which can reproduce on-ground the aerodynamic hinge moment of a control surface is an essential rig for conducting performance and stability tests of aircraft actuation systems. The hinge moment varies widely over the flight envelope, depending on the specific flight condition and maneuvering status. To replicate the wide spectrum of this hinge moment variation within some accuracy hounds, a force controller is designed based on the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT). A dynamic model of the load actuation system Is derived, and compared with experimental results. Through this comparison, a nominal model of the load actuation system with some uncertainty bounds is developed. The efficacy of the QFT force controller is verified by a numerical simulation, in which combined aircraft dynamics, flight control law and hydraulic actuation system dynamics of the aircraft control surface are considered     

基于等效系统拟配的人-机闭环系统稳定性研究

对于现代带电传操纵系统飞机,其人-机闭环系统是非线性高阶复杂系统.针对带电传操纵系统人-机闭环系统稳定性问题,运用遗传算法在频域内对人-机闭环高阶系统进行了等效拟配,提出应用根轨迹法对拟配得到的低阶等效系统进行稳定性分析.仿真结果表明,用遗传算法进行等效拟配能够避免初值选择问题,拟配精度较高.所提方法能够考虑到驾驶员环...     

A Criterion Based on Closed-loop Pilot-aircraft Systems for Predicting Flying Qualities

During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities (FQ). This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.     

战斗机超机动飞行自抗扰控制器设计

提出了一种利用自抗扰控制器算法在大包线范围内设计超机动飞行控制系统的新方法。根据奇异摄动理论和自抗扰控制器能够动态补偿系统模型扰动和外扰的特性,在超机动飞行的快慢子回路中分别引入自抗扰控制器,实现了快变量和慢变量的动态解耦控制。控制律设计直接依据超机动飞行的强耦合、强非线性模型,在很大的包线范围内不需要改变控制器的结构和参数,大大简化了设计过程。大包线范围内的大迎角机动仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能,控制器具有很强的鲁棒性,为解决大包线范围内的超机动飞行控制问题提供了一种新的途径。     

Conceptual design and preliminary experiment of icing risk management and protection system

Icing is one of the main external environmental factors that causes aircraft to lose control. The flight safety assurance system under icing condition is particularly important. However,most of the systems do not consider the coupling characteristics of aerodynamics and flight dynamics of icing aircraft. This will affect the accuracy of the calculation results. Besides, the icing risk management system helps the pilot to realize the possible dangers in advance and perform correct maneuvers, base...     

Envelope protection for aircraft encountering upset condition based on dynamic envelope enlargement

Upset condition encountered by an aircraft in flight could pose great threat to flight safety, which is of chief importance in civil aviation. The causal factors have the nonlinear and multiple characteristics, and as a result the conventional envelope protection system cannot successfully do with the condition. So dynamic envelope based on differential manifold theory, which can take more coupling factors into account, is proposed as a basis to design a novel envelope protection system. Then the relationship between the dynamic envelope and the control coefficient or pilot command is obtained, and the result shows that the dynamic envelope can be enlarged with the change of control coefficient. Furthermore, quantification of flight security is realized via defining relative distance between flight state and dynamic envelope, which can detect whether there is a risk for an aircraft in flight. Finally, an envelope protection system based on dynamic envelope enlargement is proposed on the basis. NASA’s Generic Transport Model encountering hazard gust wind in climbing phase is taken as an example to verify the system’s feasibility. The result shows that the system can give a better operation encountering upset condition and to a certain extent reduce the number of accidents or incidents.     

MIMO变结构飞行重构控制系统设计

基于滑模变结构控制,提出一种MIMO(multiple input multiple output)的飞行重构控制系统的频域设计方法.将滑模变结构控制与飞行重构控制相结合,解决了飞行重构控制技术中故障检测和系统参数辨识的问题.引入渐近观测器和hedge模型增加重构控制系统对衍生未建模动态的鲁棒性;引入作动器模型、输出饱和限制和驾驶员模型,使变结构重构控制系统设计方法变得更为有效和实用;以某型飞机的横航向飞行控制系统为例,进行设计模拟.结果表明:在飞机气动参数大幅突变和操纵面严重受损的情况下,飞机仍能保持良好的性能.      

Time-varying linear control for tiltrotor aircraft

Tiltrotor aircraft have three flight modes: helicopter mode, airplane mode, and transition mode. A tiltrotor has characteristics of highly nonlinear, time-varying flight dynamics and inertial/control couplings in its transition mode. It can transit from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode by tilting its nacelles, and an effective controller is crucial to accomplish tilting transition missions. Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor are described by a nonlinear Lagrange-form model, which takes into account inertial/control couplings and aerodynamic interferences. Reference commands for airspeed velocity and attitude in the transition mode are calculated dynamically by visiting a command library which is founded in advance by analyzing the flight envelope of the tiltrotor. A Time-Varying Linear (TVL) model is obtained using a Taylor-expansion based online linearization technique from the nonlinear model. Subsequently, based on an optimal control concept, an online optimization based control method with input constraints considered is proposed. To validate the proposed control method, three typical tilting transition missions are simulated using the nonlinear model of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the tiltrotor throughout its operating envelop which includes a transition flight, and can also deal with vertical gust disturbances.