A relative navigation system for formation flight

A relative navigation system based on both the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) is developed to support situational awareness during formation flight. The architecture of the system requires an INS/GPS integration across two aircraft via a data link. A fault-tolerant federated filter is used to estimate the relative INS errors based on relative GPS measurements and a range measurement obtained from the data link. The filter is constructed based on a reduced-order model of the relative INS error process. A method for analyzing the filter performance is presented. A case involving two helicopters in formation flight is studied under three different night trajectories to account for the effect of vehicle motion on the INS state transition matrix. The results of the covariance analysis are compared with actual night results over an instrumented test range.     

Remote Attitude Sensing with Polarization-Modulated Light

A system concept for remote measurement of vehicle orientation with only passive devices mounted on a vehicle is presented. Three channels of polarization-modulated light are used to determine all three degrees of freedom of vehicle orientation. Two important system components are described, a polarization rotator and a retroreflector which leaves the polarization state invariant. Also, the method of data reduction is outlined and the system accuracy is discussed.     

Efficient solution and performance analysis of 3-D positionestimation by trilateration

A new exact, explicit, and computationally efficient solution for three-dimensional (3-D) position estimation based on range measurements from three stations is proposed. The simple polynomial-type form of the new algorithm facilitates the performance analysis. Formulae are provided for both the variance and the bias of the position estimates. The systematic error is a joint effect of both the measurement noise and the system nonlinearity and its magnitude cannot be ignored if highly accurate localization is required. Performance evaluation results are presented for various conditions     

表面热流辨识技术在边界层转捩位置测量中的应用初步研究

目前工程飞行试验中主要采用近壁热电偶测温法来确定飞行器表面流动的边界层转捩位置,由于测点离表面较近,对温度传感器量程和结构强度有较高要求。为此,提出了基于表面热流辨识技术确定转捩位置的基本思想和处理方法,测点可以距离表面相对较远。但是,当测点越远离受热面,辨识问题的不适定性会越强,因此需要采用仿真辨识方法来对传感器安装位置进行合理选取。在给出二维传热模型表面热流辨识算法的基础上,对两个算例进行了仿真辨识分析。结果表明：基于表面热流辨识技术确定转捩位置是可行的,能给出较为准确的转捩区域判断。     

Wavelet de-noising for IMU alignment

Inertial navigation system (INS) is presently used in several applications related to aerospace systems and land vehicle navigation. An INS determines the position, velocity, and attitude of a moving platform by processing the accelerations and angular velocity measurements of an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Accurate estimation of the initial attitude angles of an IMU is essential to ensure precise determination of the position and attitude of the moving platform. These initial attitude angles are usually estimated using alignment techniques. Due to the relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor measurement (especially for the gyroscopes), the initial attitude angles may not be computed accurately enough. In addition, the estimated initial attitude angles may have relatively large uncertainties that may affect the accuracy of other navigation parameters. This article suggests processing the gyro and accelerometer measurements with multiple levels of wavelet decomposition to remove the high frequency noise components. The proposed wavelet de-noising method was applied on a navigational grade inertial measurement unit (LTN90-100). The results showed that accurate alignment procedure and fast convergence of the estimation algorithm, in addition to reducing the estimation covariance of the three attitude angles, could be obtained.     

移相干涉技术用于运动姿态精密测量

针对测量系统运动中姿态测量的需求,提出了一种利用移相干涉技术测量角度的方法来实现运动姿态的准确测量。建立了由组合式移相干涉仪为主的三轴转角实验装置,该装置测量角度的分辨力优于0.006″。采用实验装置对微位移工作台运动过程中的姿态变化进行了测量,得到了工作台移动中绕三轴转角变化的测量结果,并利用激光小角度干涉仪进行了相关测量点的对比实验,数据最大偏差0.03″。实验结果验证了利用移相干涉测角法可以实现运动中姿态的精确测量。     

GPS/惯性组合方式讨论与导航精度分析

 本文讨论GPS/惯性组合两种方式的优缺点。并以GPS伪距和伪距率与惯导组合为例,按GPS测量误差的不同,以及使用差分机等情况,仿真计算了机载使用的组合导航性能,进行了详细的精度分析。结果表明,这种组合的导航精度比GPS和惯导各自的导航精度高。在采用差分GPS机与惯导组合后,位置误差将进一步减少,使组合导航具有开辟例如飞机进场着陆等新的使用领域的可能性。     

MAV Attitude Determination by Vector Matching

An attitude determination algorithm suitable for micro aerial vehicle (MAV) applications is developed. The algorithm uses Earth's magnetic and gravity field vectors as observations. The magnetic field vector measurements are obtained from a magnetometer triad. The gravity field vector is measured by fusing information from an accelerometer triad with GPS/WAAS (wide area augmentation system) velocity measurements. Two linearization and estimator designs for implementing the algorithm are discussed. Simulation and experimental flight test results validating the algorithm are presented.     

Neighboring optimal guidance for aeroassisted orbital transfer

A neighboring optimal guidance scheme for a nonlinear dynamic system is devised with stochastic inputs and perfect measurements as applicable to fuel optimal control of an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle. For the deterministic nonlinear dynamic system describing the atmospheric maneuver, a nominal trajectory is determined. Then, taking modeling uncertainties into account, a linear, stochastic, neighboring optimal guidance scheme is devised. Assuming the additive character of the stochastic effects, the optimal trajectory is approximated as the sum of the deterministic nominal trajectory and the stochastic neighboring optimal solution. Numerical results are presented for a typical aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle     

The development of a series hybrid electric vehicle for near-termapplications

The design of a feasible hybrid electric vehicle for use in near-term applications is presented. The challenge involved cost effectiveness, acceleration, range, safety, and emissions, which were incorporated into the vehicle design. The relationship of the design goals was studied, and compromises were made to provide near-optimal system design. This process resulted in the selection and design of the major vehicle components. The design decisions and the actual vehicle components are reviewed     

基于双目视觉和惯性器件的微小型无人机运动状态估计方法

针对微小型无人机(UAV)自主运动状态估计问题,提出了一种基于双目视觉和惯性器件的微小型无人机运动状态估计方法,运动状态估计系统由微惯性测量单元(MIMU)和2个摄像机组成.根据微惯性测量单元的输出更新无人机运动状态,同时由摄像机获得周围环境的图像序列,从序列图像中提取特征点,并对这些特征点进行匹配、跟踪,测量序列图像...     

利用GPS进行姿态估计的一种算法

首先建立了全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）姿态确定的观测方程;然后给出了利用ＧＰＳ进行飞行器姿态估计的模型,并对该模型进行了线性处理;最后利用攻推广卡尔曼滤波技术,针对某飞行器进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,对于不同的测量噪声和系统噪声,滤波器都有较好的估计,姿态估计的精度明显高于单纯ＧＰＳ姿态确定的精度,可以满足大多数飞行器对姿态确定的要求,证实了模型和算法可用性。     

Analytical solution for continuous-time Kalman tracking filterswith colored measurement noise in frequency domain

New expressions are given for analytical solutions to the steady-state Kalman gains of the two-state exponentially correlated velocity (ECV) and the three-state exponentially correlated acceleration (ECA) tracking filters with position measurements by using spectral factorization method. The measurement colored noise model is characterized by a correlation time 1/λ. The vehicle oscillations such as wind-induced-bending is also considered in the modeling of the system which leads to the most generalized state transition matrix     

IMM estimator with out-of-sequence measurements

In multisensor tracking systems that operate in a centralized information processing architecture, measurements from the same target obtained by different sensors can arrive at the processing center out of sequence. In order to avoid either a delay in the output or the need for reordering and reprocessing an entire sequence of measurements, such measurements have to be processed as out-of-sequence measurements (OOSMs). Recent work developed procedures for incorporating OOSMs into a Kalman filter (KF). Since the state of the art tracker for real (maneuvering) targets is the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator, the algorithm for incorporating OOSMs into an IMM estimator is presented here. Both data association and estimation are considered. Simulation results are presented for two realistic problems using measurements from two airborne GMTI sensors. It is shown that the proposed algorithm for incorporating OOSMs into an IMM estimator yields practically the same performance as the reordering and in-sequence reprocessing of the measurements. Also, it is shown how the range rate from a GMTI sensor can be used as a linear velocity measurement in the tracking filter.     

HIT风洞风速控制及实验转角控制系统设计

为了完成哈尔滨工业大学风洞测量与控制试验系统,设计了HIT三元低速风洞的一套以计算机为中心的,基于Microsoft Visual Basic（VB）风速测量与控制系统。系统进行了硬件系统设计及软件系统设计。在提出总体的测量与控制方案的基础上,保证风速控制精度,对测控元件进行了等精度配置研究。另外在实验角度控制上提出了高精度的控制方案。通过VB程序代码实现了控制软件。经调试后达到了系统控制精度要求,该系统具有较强的实用性。     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

A Tracking Filter in Spherical Coordinates Enhanced by De-noising of Converted Doppler Measurements

Tracking problem in spherical coordinates with range rate (Doppler) measurements, which would have errors correlated to the range measurement errors, is investigated in this paper. The converted Doppler measurements, constructed by the product of the Doppler measurements and range measurements, are used to replace the original Doppler measurements. A de-noising method based on an unbiased Kalman filter (KF) is proposed to reduce the converted Doppler measurement errors before updating the target states for the constant velocity (CV) model. The states from the de-noising filter are then combined with the Cartesian states from the converted measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) to produce final state estimates. The nonlinearity of the de-noising filter states are handled by expanding them around the Cartesian states from the CMKF in a Taylor series up to the second order term. In the mean time, the correlation between the two filters caused by the common range measurements is handled by a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation-based method. These result in a new tracking filter, CMDN-EKF2. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed tracking filter can provide efficient and robust performance with a modest computational cost.     

航空发动机燃烧室内部噪声测量研究

叙述了用于燃烧室内部高温、高压条件下的噪声测量系统以及根据系统的动态特性对测量结果的修正。根据大量的测试结果分析了燃烧室噪声的规律和总声级的预测模型。     

一种基于信道模拟的测速精度评估方法

为了评估单向多普勒测速动态测量精度,构建了一种基于卫星信道模拟器的测速精度评估系统,通过在卫星信道模拟器装订卫星飞行轨迹,利用卫星信道模拟器对上行信号加入传播时延、多普勒频率,对卫星在轨飞行状态下的单向多普勒测速进行场景仿真,并对场景仿真获取的测速数据进行O-C残差序列分析,得到动态测量条件下的测速精度。给出了O-C残差序列的计算方法,分析了单向多普勒测速体制下时钟偏差对测速结果的影响,并给出了一种简单的时钟误差修正方法。