气室无磁加热结构研究进展与展望

碱金属气室是原子陀螺、原子磁强计和原子钟等原子测量仪器的核心部件.原子密度主要受加热温度的影响,高均匀性、高稳定性的气室加热结构是保证碱金属原子密度稳定的关键技术,对提升原子测量仪器输出信号的灵敏度至关重要.回顾了目前常用的碱金属气室加热方法,针对加热层、传热层、保温层等组件,梳理和总结了碱金属气室加热结构的发展方向和发展历程,并在此基础上展望了未来碱金属气室加热结构的发展趋势.     

区间数据包络分析模型的求解及其有效性

文中基于每个DMU的区间效率值,给出了区间DEA模型求解的一种方法并研究了它的有效性,同时将这种方法应用于基地伪装方案的选取问题。     

冲击双层壁内通道表面换热系数的研究

为了研究双层壁内通道表面换热情况和冲击距离对换热影响,对双层壁结构内通道上、下表面的换热系数进行实验测量。由获得的换热系数来分析研究双层壁内部换热。并对冲击射流的机理作了分析。研究结果表明,在双层壁结构中,在高雷诺数时,在冲击板表面上会出现两个峰值;在进气板表面上也会出现位置随冲击高度变化的一高换热区;层板内通道表面上的换热系数随冲击距离的减小而增大。     

基于DCOM技术构建分布式数控故障诊断系统

简要介绍DCOM技术的特点,对利用DCOM技术构建分布式数控故障诊断系统进行了研究,并提出了系统的组件模型结构。     

高职教育技能竞赛与课程群建设互动机制研究

高职教育技能竞赛和课程群建设间普遍存在着相互独立运行、沟通渠道不畅、缺乏促进机制等问题.针对上述问题,提出了在技能竞赛与课程群建设间建立良性互动机制的构想,设计了互动机制的循环反馈调节模型,分析了互动要素的驱动关系,给出了互动机制在课程群建设中的实现思路和操作方法.     

Mars Global Surveyor Observations of Solar Wind Magnetic Field Draping Around Mars

We examine the magnetic field in the martian magnetosheath due to solar wind draping. Mars Global Surveyor provided 3-D vector magnetic field measurements at a large range of altitudes, local times, and solar zenith angles as the spacecraft orbit evolved. We choose orbits with very clean signatures of draping to establish the nominal morphology of the magnetic field lines at local times of near-subsolar and near-terminator. Next, using a compilation of data from Mars Global Surveyor, we determine the average magnetic field morphology in the martian magnetosheath due to the solar wind interaction. The topology of the field is as expected from previous observations and predictions. The magnetic field magnitude peaks at low altitude and noon magnetic local time and decreases away from that point. The magnetic field has an inclination from the local horizontal of 5.6° on average in the dayside magnetosheath and 12.5° on the nightside. The inclination angle is closest to zero at noon magnetic local time and low altitude. It increases both upward and to later local times. The magnetic field in the induced magnetotail flares out from the Mars—Sun direction by 21°. Finally, we compare the observations to gasdynamic model predictions and find that the shocked solar wind flow in the martian magnetosheath can be treated as a gasdynamic flow with the magnetic pileup boundary as the inner boundary to the flow.     

航空制件超声检测中的声场特性分析

 针对航空制件超声检测中影响缺陷定量准确性的声场问题进行了深入讨论, 研究了脉冲波声场的计算方法, 设计了相应的计算软件并绘制出实用换能器声轴线上的声压分布曲线, 分析了不同材料和厚度的采样回波对频谱的影响, 比较了连续波声场和脉冲波声场的分布特性及异同点。研究结果为提高超声检测中缺陷定量的准确性和科学性提供了依据。     

MESSENGER: Exploring Mercury’s Magnetosphere

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury offers our first opportunity to explore this planet’s miniature magnetosphere since the brief flybys of Mariner 10. Mercury’s magnetosphere is unique in many respects. The magnetosphere of Mercury is among the smallest in the solar system; its magnetic field typically stands off the solar wind only ∼1000 to 2000 km above the surface. For this reason there are no closed drift paths for energetic particles and, hence, no radiation belts. Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause may erode the subsolar magnetosphere, allowing solar wind ions to impact directly the regolith. Inductive currents in Mercury’s interior may act to modify the solar wind interaction by resisting changes due to solar wind pressure variations. Indeed, observations of these induction effects may be an important source of information on the state of Mercury’s interior. In addition, Mercury’s magnetosphere is the only one with its defining magnetic flux tubes rooted beneath the solid surface as opposed to an atmosphere with a conductive ionospheric layer. This lack of an ionosphere is probably the underlying reason for the brevity of the very intense, but short-lived, ∼1–2 min, substorm-like energetic particle events observed by Mariner 10 during its first traversal of Mercury’s magnetic tail. Because of Mercury’s proximity to the sun, 0.3–0.5 AU, this magnetosphere experiences the most extreme driving forces in the solar system. All of these factors are expected to produce complicated interactions involving the exchange and recycling of neutrals and ions among the solar wind, magnetosphere, and regolith. The electrodynamics of Mercury’s magnetosphere are expected to be equally complex, with strong forcing by the solar wind, magnetic reconnection, and pick-up of planetary ions all playing roles in the generation of field-aligned electric currents. However, these field-aligned currents do not close in an ionosphere, but in some other manner. In addition to the insights into magnetospheric physics offered by study of the solar wind–Mercury system, quantitative specification of the “external” magnetic field generated by magnetospheric currents is necessary for accurate determination of the strength and multi-polar decomposition of Mercury’s intrinsic magnetic field. MESSENGER’s highly capable instrumentation and broad orbital coverage will greatly advance our understanding of both the origin of Mercury’s magnetic field and the acceleration of charged particles in small magnetospheres. In this article, we review what is known about Mercury’s magnetosphere and describe the MESSENGER science team’s strategy for obtaining answers to the outstanding science questions surrounding the interaction of the solar wind with Mercury and its small, but dynamic, magnetosphere.     

对于动态目标的航天器鲁棒PD+快速跟踪控制方法

摘要：针对卫星对于空间动态目标快速、稳定地跟踪、控制目标，同时考虑平台模型的不确定性、外部随机干扰、系统控制力矩与角速度约束等因素，设计PD+控制器实现对于动态目标的快速、稳定跟踪；在经典PD控制器的基础上设计控制添加项使得系统能够按照既定轨迹运动；采用变结构的手段实现系统收敛速度的提升；合理设计Lyapunov函数的结构，引出角速度、四元数的耦合项对V函数进行改良，简化系统稳定性证明与分析的过程；讨论系统最极端情形，通过对V函数上下界的讨论分析系统该情形下的稳定性；最后通过数值仿真验证所提出算法的有效性与优越性.     

GH4169材料磨削后数控抛光表面残余应力分析

数控抛光能够达到一致性较高的表面粗糙度要求。试验研究了羊毛毡轮数控抛光层数对磨削后GH4169表面残余应力的影响,进给方向表面残余正应力随深度增加先升高后下降,而垂直进给方向表面残余正应力先基本不变后下降,优化抛光层数为3层。针对磨削后抛光工艺,提出了"加强筋"模型,将羊毛毡轮抛光过程分为两个阶段,解释了抛光对表面残余应力的影响机理,并改变抛光参数进行了初步的试验验证。