SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system based on maximum versoria filter

In the missile-borne Strapdown Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) integrated navigation system, due to the factors such as the high dynamics, the signal blocking by obstacles, the signal intefereces, etc., there always exist pulse interferences or measurement information interruptions in the satellite receiver, which make nonstationary measurement process. The traditional Kalman Filter (KF) can tackle the state estimation problem under Gaussian white noise, but its performance will be significantly reduced under non-Gaussian noises. In order to deal with the non-Gaussian conditions in the actual missile-borne SINS/GNSS integrated navigation systems, a Maximum Versoria Criterion Extended Kalman Filter (MVC-EKF) algorithm is proposed based on the MVC and the idea of M-estimation, which assigns a smaller weight to the anomalous measurements so as to suppress the influence of anomalous measurements on the state estimation while maintaining a relatively low calculation cost. Finally, the integrated navigation simulation experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.     

北斗B1 QPSK调制信号的高灵敏度捕获算法

卫星信号在复杂环境中功率存在衰减,导致其低于接收机正常捕获范围,给信号捕获带来较大困难。在分析北斗B1频点信号体制及研究码并行捕获算法基础上,提出了针对北斗B1 QPSK调制信号的双通道并行搜索捕获算法,设计了优化的相干、非相干码并行捕获算法,解决了信噪比较低环境中北斗卫星信号捕获困难的问题。利用卫星信号模拟器产生的仿真信号对双通道并行捕获算法和相干、非相干累加捕获算法进行验证与分析,结果表明,前者性能明显优于单通道捕获,后者较普通捕获算法具有更理想的捕获灵敏度。     

一种非视距信号环境下智能手机速度平滑定位方法CSCD

随着智能手机的普及,基于智能手机的位置服务深刻地影响了人们的生活。通常,智能手机内嵌有全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)芯片,通过跟踪导航卫星信号获得载波频率、载波相位和码相位信息,从而解算位置和速度信息。对于单点定位(SPP)技术而言,位置主要由码相位计算确定,而速度信息主要由载波多普勒频移信息计算确定。在复杂城市环境下,GNSS信号可能会被周围的建筑物反射,形成非视距(NLOS)信号。NLOS信号会导致额外的传输路径,并引起数十米的位置误差。由于速度比位置更精确,通常使用卡尔曼滤波器(KF)进行基于位置-速度(P-V)动态模型的位置平滑。提出了一种因子图优化(FGO)方法来减少NLOS引起的位置误差,将时间相关历史测量值添加到FGO中以优化当前位置估计,并采用两种鲁棒策略来减小NLOS条件下的位置偏差。最后,使用智能手机采集实际场景数据集进行了实验,结果表明FGO方法在速度辅助下可以获得更好的定位结果。     

INMARSAT integrity channels for global navigation satellite systems

The transmission of integrity information using a signal format compatible with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and relayed through a geostationary satellite repeater, which will be critical in achieving high integrity and availability of global navigation by satellite is discussed. The inclusion of navigation repeaters designed to fulfil this function, the next generation of INMARSAT spacecraft, INMARSAT-3 is examined. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) integrity channel (GIC) will employ pseudorandom codes in the same family as, but distinct from, the codes reserved by GPS. The data format of the basic integrity channel is designed to convey user range error information for 24 to 40 satellites. A closed-loop timing compensation technique will be used at the uplinking Earth station, to make the signal's clock and carrier Doppler variations identical to those that would result from an onboard signal source. Therefore, the INMARSAT-3 satellites will increase the number of useful navigation satellites available to any user, and can also function as sources of precise timing. There is also a possibility that wide area differential corrections can be carried on the same signal     

A novel optimal data fusion algorithm and its application for the integrated navigation system of missile

For Inertial Navigation System(INS)/Celestial Navigation System(CNS)/Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) integrated navigation system of the missile, the performance of data fusion algorithms based on the Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF) is seriously degraded when there are non-Gaussian noise and process-modeling errors in the system model. Therefore, a novel method is proposed, which is called Optimal Data Fusion algorithm based on the Adaptive Fading maximum Correntropy generalized high-degree...     

The Soviet Union's GLONASS Navigation Satellites

GLONASS (Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System) is the most recent satellite navigation system developed by the Soviet Union and currently in the pre-operational stage. Obvious parallels exist between GLONASS and the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) developed in the United States and also, at present, in a pre-operational phase. In the progress towards operational status, the launch capability for NAVSTAR satellites has been seriously affected by the recent failure of the Space Shuttle Challenger, clearly increasing the prospects of GLONASS reaching operational status first. It is therefore the main purpose of this paper to discuss certain aspects of the GLONASS satellite navigation system, in particular its orbital features and radio-frequency signal characteristics. Comparisons with NAVSTAR are inevitable and for this reason, the paper begins with a brief resume of relevant features of the NAVSTAR GPS system for later reference. The main section of the paper then deals with orbital behaviour, radio frequency signal structure and channelisation using NAVSTAR as a reference point for discussion.     

Cubature Kalman filter with closed-loop covariance feedback control for integrated INS/GNSS navigation

Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) offers a promising solution to handle the data fusion of integrated nonlinear INS/GNSS (Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System) navigation. However, its accuracy is degraded by inaccurate kinematic noise statistics which originate from disturbances of system dynamics. This paper develops a method of closed-loop feedback covariance control to address the above problem of CKF. In this method, the posterior state and its covariance are fed back to the filtering process to constitute a closed-loop structure for CKF covariance propagation. Subsequently, based on the maximum likelihood principle, a control scheme of the prior state covariance is established by using the feedback state and covariance within an estimation window and further adopting a proportional coefficient to amplify the feedback terms in recent time steps for the full use of new information to reflect actual system characteristics. Since it does not directly use kinematic noise covariance, the proposed method can effectively avoid the adverse impact of inaccurate kinematic noise statistics on filtering solutions. Further, it can also guarantee the prior state covariance to be positive semi-definite without involving extra measures. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments for integrated INS/GNSS navigation.     

基于非合作LEO卫星辅助GNSS联合定位技术CSCD

针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)在受挑战的环境中,出现导航卫星信号被干扰或遮挡,导致可见卫星数目无法满足定位最低要求的情况。利用低轨(LEO)卫星具有信号到达地面功率高、抗干扰能力强,以及在未来将进行大量部署的特点,可为GNSS的导航服务提供备份与补充。提出了基于非合作LEO卫星辅助GNSS联合定位算法,不同于现有的LEO/GNSS联合定位算法将低轨卫星简单地视为轨道降低的导航卫星,该算法以LEO为通信卫星,从非合作、非导航特性的实际情况出发,将LEO的多普勒与GNSS的伪距、多普勒相结合求解用户位置信息,并以ORBCOMM低轨通信卫星联合GPS为例进行了仿真实验,实验结果验证了算法的可行性与性能。     

New approach to a multistatic passive radar sensor for air/spacedefense

A method to apply the latest technology in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the U.S. NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation System for Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System) and the Russian GLONASS (GLObal'naya Nqvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema), as a silent multistatic or parasitic radar for air defense is described. These satellite systems serving as navigational aids are well suited for low power radar applications due to the similarity and compatibility of the transmitted satellite signals with modern radar signals, such as spread spectrum modulation and Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) codes. Preliminary flight tests with airships, jet and propeller aircraft, helicopter, anti tank missiles and spaceborne targets (MIR) to study effects have been conducted     

欺骗环境下GNSS信号估计与定位修正技术

欺骗信号以其极强的隐蔽性使卫星导航接收机难以察觉并迅速定位到错误位置,严重影响了卫星导航的安全性。现有抗欺骗技术需要其他导航系统辅助来修正受欺骗影响的定位解算,针对该问题,本文提出了一种GNSS欺骗信号参数估计与辨识方法,能够在欺骗干扰环境下估计并辨识出真实信号所对应的伪距,进而解算出接收机真实位置。该方法通过研究欺骗干扰下接收机相关值模型,在信号跟踪阶段建立真实与欺骗双信号状态模型与基于九路相关器输出的观测模型,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）估计真实信号与欺骗信号的伪码延时与信号相关幅值,进而获得真实与欺骗伪距,在定位解算阶段利用改进观测量残差检测方法辨识出真实与欺骗伪距,最终使用真实伪距定位获得真实位置。仿真结果表明对相对码延时介于0.3~0.9 chip之间且欺骗/真实信号幅度比介于1~5之间的隐蔽欺骗攻击,所提方法的码延时估计误差约0.1 chip,可有效估计真实信号与欺骗信号参数,辨识出真实伪距,并使被欺骗的定位结果重新回到真实位置结果,改善GNSS接收机抗欺骗能力,提高卫星导航安全性。     

数字域谱估计的GNSS系统信号带宽测试方法

针对传统的单载波扫频法不适于GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）信号生成通道的带宽测量的问题,提出了采用数字信号处理的信号带宽方法.对实际导航信号进行高速采样,在数字域对采样的导航信号和本地数字生成的理想导航信号进行频谱估计和计算,从而得到GNSS信号带宽.分别使用周期图法和Welch法谱估计,对提出的测试方法进行仿真.仿真结果表明,采用Welch法进行理想信号和实际信号谱估计,对谱估计后的结果进行计算,可以完成GNSS信号带宽精密测量,在Welch法估计参数设置合理的情况下,GNSS信号带宽估计的准确度可以达到99.9％以上.     

Precise orbit determination for TH02-02 satellites based on BDS3 and GPS observations

The Tianhui-2 02 (TH02-02) satellite formation, as a supplement to the microwave mapping satellite system Tianhui-2 01 (TH02-01), is the first Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite formation-flying system that supports the tracking of BeiDou global navigation Satellite system (BDS3) new B1C and B2a signals. Meanwhile, the twin TH02-02 satellites also support the tracking of Global Positioning System (GPS) L1&L2 and BDS B1I&B3I signals. As the spaceborne receiver employs two independent boards to track the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites, we design an orbit determination strategy by estimating independent receiver clock offsets epoch by epoch for each GNSS to realize the multi-GNSS data fusion from different boards. The performance of the spaceborne receiver is evaluated and the contribution of BDS3 to the kinematic and reduced-dynamic Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of TH02-02 satellites is investigated. The tracking data onboard shows that the average number of available BDS3 and GPS satellites are 8.7 and 9.1, respectively. The carrier-to-noise ratio and carrier phase noise of BDS3 B1C and B2a signals are comparable to those of GPS. However, strong azimuth-related systematic biases are recognized in the pseudorange multipath errors of B1C and B3I. The pseudorange noise of BDS3 signals is better than that of GPS after eliminating the multipath errors from specific signals. Taking the GPS-based reduced-dynamic orbit with single-receiver ambiguity fixing technique as a reference, the results of BDS3-only and BDS3 + GPS combined POD are assessed. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of orbit comparison of BDS3-based kinematic and reduced-dynamic POD with reference orbit are better than 7 cm and 3 cm in three-Dimensional direction (3D). The POD performance based on B1C&B2a data is comparable to that based on B1I&B3I. The precision of BDS3 + GPS combined kinematic orbit can reach up to 3 cm (3D RMS), which has a more than 25% improvement relative to the GPS-only solution. In addition, the consistency between the BDS3 + GPS combined reduced-dynamic orbit and the GPS-based ambiguity-fixed orbit is better than 1.5 cm (3D RMS).     

基于分布式地面站天线的空间功率合成

卫星导航系统(GNSS)地面站天线对卫星进行上行注入时,信号到达卫星时较弱,容易受到干扰,故地面站注入天线需同时具备平时多目标注入和干扰时单目标功率增强的能力。利用卫星导航系统中地面站之间能够实现精密时间同步的特点,提出了一种基于分布式卫星导航地面站抛物面天线的空间功率合成方法,使用相位预补偿实现分布式天线阵到达目标卫星信号的相位粗同步;分析了相位误差、辐射功率误差对空间功率合成效率的影响,得到了阵元初始相位标定精度与相对定位精度的约束关系;并对合成信号的抗干扰能力和信号质量进行了研究。理论和仿真结果表明,当相位精度因子小于0.2时,4个等辐射功率天线在10°仰角以上波束扫描范围内的功率合成效率均在75%以上,且可以通过控制初始相位标定精度与相对定位精度实现更高的合成效率;而在合成效率要求75%以上时,天线辐射功率误差对合成效率的影响基本可以忽略。采用分布式波束扫描天线能够对地面站上行注入进行功率增强,可实现注入波束和功率的灵活配置,有效解决制约机动式和小型化地面站功率提升的瓶颈问题。     

卫星授时与时间传递技术进展

近年来,卫星导航技术发展迅速.卫星导航系统以精密时间测量技术为基础,实现了伪距测量,进而实现定位.同时,卫星导航系统还提供了高精度授时功能.综述了卫星导航系统的授时和时间频率传递技术、基于通信卫星的授时技术以及双向卫星时间频率传递(TWSTFT)技术等.随着我国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的建成和提供服务,BDS授时应用研究正在快速发展.基于BDS/GNSS多系统的精密单点定位(PPP)时间传递技术已成为重点研究方向,未来将会应用于国际时间比对.同时,随着卫星通信技术尤其是低轨通信卫星技术的快速发展,低轨通信卫星授时会成为一个有潜力的研究方向.     

基于Starlink机会信号/INS的组合导航方法

针对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)因频点单一、落地功率低、易受电磁干扰以及存在覆盖较差区域等潜在的被拒止或被干扰导致的导航系统性能降低甚至失效的问题,提出了一种基于星链(Starlink)机会信号融合惯性导航系统(INS)的飞行器动态组合导航方法。首先分析了星链信号体制,建立了基于星链星座卫星下行机会信号的瞬时多普勒定位观测模型,设计了一种基于频率细分的快速最大似然多普勒频率估计方法,然后建立了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的Starlink机会信号/INS的组合导航模型,并对该导航方法进行了实验及分析。结果表明,该方法可为飞行器提供长航时、连续、高精度的导航。动态飞行情况下,该方法可实现平均优于25 m的三维定位精度和平均优于0.1 m/s的速度估计精度,比相同观测时间下的惯导精度提高了1～2个数量级,显著提高了飞行器的导航精度,可为战略导航提供方法和技术支撑。     

基于矢量跟踪的MEMS-SINS/GNSS深组合导航系统

针对在载体高动态运动时，由Doppler频移剧烈变化而导致的MEMS-SINS/GNSS组合导航系统精度降低的问题，修正了GNSS卫星信号模型，设计了一种深组合导航通道滤波器，并形成了完整的深组合导航方案。基于矢量跟踪结构的深组合导航方案，通过滤波器对载体的导航参数进行估计，将相互独立的各通道信息结合起来，并利用各卫星位置之间的关系，提高了高动态环境中的跟踪能力。仿真结果表明，基于矢量跟踪结构的深组合导航方案可以有效减少高动态对导航精度的影响，提高组合导航系统的输出精度。     

Enhancing filter robustness in cascaded GPS-INS integrations

Filter robustness is defined herein as the ability of the Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS-INS) Kalman filter to cope with adverse environments and input conditions, to successfully identify such conditions and to take evasive action. The formulation of two such techniques for a cascaded GPS-INS Kalman filter integration is discussed This is an integration in which the navigation solution from a GPS receiver is used as a measurement in the filter to estimate inertial errors and instrument biases. The first technique presented discusses the handling of GPS position biases. These are due to errors in the GPS satellite segment, and are known to be unobservable. They change levels when a satellite constellation change occurs, at which point they introduce undesirable filter response transients. A method of suppressing these transients is presented. The second technique presented deals with the proper identification of the filter measurement noise. Successful formulation of the noise statistics is a factor vital to the healthy estimation of the filter gains and operation. Furthermore, confidence in the formulation of these statistics can lead to the proper screening and rejection of bad data in the filter. A method of formulating the filter noise statistics dynamically based on inputs from the GPS and the INS is discussed     

Ensuring GPS navigation integrity using receiver autonomousintegrity monitoring

The many advantages of Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigation have created a tremendous amount of interest in using GPS as the primary navigation aid onboard commercial and civil aircraft. Even in the presence of Selective Availability, the accuracy of GPS is sufficient to guide aircraft point-to-point between airports without requiring other navigation aids such as VOR or DME. Unfortunately, there is a finite probability that a GPS satellite will fail, causing the transmission of potentially misleading navigation information. Thus, before GPS can be widely adopted as a navigation aid, techniques must be devised to detect any possible failures and notify the user prior to the degradation of navigation accuracy. This paper discusses the problem of detecting possible GPS satellite failures using a technique called Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)     

一种高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号捕获方法

为提升高动态低信噪比环境下卫星导航信号的捕获性能,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)及部分匹配滤波(PMF)的捕获方法。在该方法中,接收机首先利用PMF对接收信号做分段相干积分,随后借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对分段积分结果做离散快速FrFT,最后通过检测FrFT输出的峰值完成信号的捕获。由于具有多普勒频率变化率的卫星导航信号在FrFT后呈现能量聚焦特性,所提方法能够显著提高信号的长时间相干积分增益。同时对所提算法的捕获概率、平均捕获时间以及算法复杂度等性能指标进行了理论分析及计算机仿真验证。仿真表明,与传统的PMF-FFT方法相比,所提方法能够通过延长相干积分时间的方式有效提升高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号的捕获概率、降低捕获时间。     

基于DKF的IMU误差预测算法

作为导航领域常用的组合导航方式,全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)/惯性导航系统(INS)组合导航在GNSS信号失锁后,由于惯性测量单元(IMU)误差随时间迅速积累,其定位结果会偏离载体真实位置,导航精度下降.针对此问题,提出了一种长短期记忆网络(LSTM)辅助的算法,称之为深度卡尔曼滤波(DKF)算法.DKF算法的核心思想是使用LSTM训练IMU误差模型,然后通过训练出的模型预测IMU误差,最后将预测的IMU误差代入IMU数据以校正导航结果.仿真结果表明:在200s测试数据上,DKF算法将误差从1.1537m/s降低到0.3746m/s.与平均预测、卡尔曼预测和最小二乘估计等方法相比,DKF算法的误差最小,具有更优越的导航性能.