ADC1210型12位A/D转换器的应用开发

 一、引言 ADC1210是美国National Semiconductor公司生产的一种低功耗、中速、低价格的12位二进制码（原码、或反码、或偏置码）逐次逼近式A/D转换器。该器件采用CMOS工艺和薄膜工艺相结合的微电子技术制成。器件中包含了R-2R梯形薄膜电阻网络、CMOS模拟开关和逐次逼近逻辑电路、以及场效应管电压比较器等有关电路。其基本技术指标为分辨     

Performance of the Analog Moving Window Detector

A type of analog integrating moving window detector for use with a scanning pulse radar is examined. A performance analysis is carried out, which takes into account both the radiation pattern of the antenna and the dynamic character of the detection process due to the angular scanning of the antenna. An expression for the false alarm rate of the detector is first derived and evaluated numerically. The detection performance and angular accuracy are next determined in a direct Monte Carlo simulation of the detector on a digital computer for both no fading and pulse-to-pulse Rayleigh fading. Finally the influence on detection performance of the width used for the moving window is investigated.     

Microminiature Loran-C Receiver/Indicator

A Loran-C Receiver is used as an example to show how an analog system could be converted to a digital one to take advantage of the expanding integrated circuit technology. The digital equivalents of the analog servo elements are described. Criteria for the design of a phase-tracking servomechanism is developed in detail. The Loran performance requirements are used to illustrate their application. The noise performance of a critically damped Type II servomechanism is derived in detail. Since the system will be employed in aircraft, tracking velocity becomes an important consideration. An analysis is made showing that an adaptive control is desirable.     

Generating Nonstationary Random Sequences

A general procedure is given for generating infinite-length random sequences defined by a short-term power spectral density that is slowly time varying. Any shape of a power spectral density can be accommodated, including those that cover a wide dynamic range, and any smooth type of nonstationarity can be accommodated. The procedure is based on digital processing techniques. However, it can be extended to the generation of analog signals. Several examples are given, both for digital and analog signals.     

基于FPGA的硅微机械陀螺仪数字化驱动电路研究

为了进一步提高硅微机械陀螺仪的性能,提出了一种基于FPGA数字信号处理来实现控制的数字化驱动电路。该设计方案通过AGC环路稳定了驱动幅度,并用SPLL对相位进行了控制以跟踪谐振频率。两主要环路以FPGA为硬件基础,用软件编程实现,相较模拟驱动电路在实际应用中更具灵活性。实验给出了该电路的驱动幅度和频率漂移曲线,证明了该电路可以较好的实现硅微机械陀螺仪的驱动。     

陀螺稳定平台数字稳定电路硬件设计与实现

针对某型陀螺稳定平台目前仍然采用模拟稳定电路的问题，设计了陀螺稳定平台数字稳定硬件电路。数字稳定硬件电路采用DSP处理技术、24位高精度AD采集技术及H桥功率放大技术。实验结果表明，该电路能满足各种性能指标要求。该电路的实现为后续自适应控制理论、数字化及智能化控制技术应用于陀螺稳定平台奠定了硬件基础。     

基于比例阀门的升降速度控制方法研究

提出了一种新的航空升降速度标准信号自动产生方法.从控制方面,采用硅压阻模拟、石英数字双传感器,分别作为过程控制传感器和基准压力传感器,保证系统升降速度的准确度.采用双闭环控制方案,模拟闭环采用电路设计实现,数字闭环通过计算机、数字传感器和软件实现.控制执行部件采用一对比例电磁阀门.控制电路设计采用了模拟电路PID和数字PID控制结合的串级控制方案,对实现升降速度和压力信号变化的微分电路进行了设计.实验证明,该装置升降速度的输出准确度优于0.2%F.S,控制范围为0～200 m/s.     

模拟式大气仪动态响应数字仿真

本文采用通用数字计算机对模拟式大气仪动态响应进行数字仿真,比用模拟计算机进行仿真要简单、方便,而且精度也较高。从仿真的计算结果可以尽快了解系统动态响应范围,能及时确定系统中各环节设计参数是否合理,以便进行修改设计。     

任意采样率变换数字重构滤波器设计

针对理想重构函数在数字信号域不可实现而直接截取性能较差的情况,根据信号重构理论和FIR（Finite Impulse Response,有限脉冲响应）滤波器窗函数设计法,分析不同窗函数、不同截取长度对重构滤波器的影响,提出一种凯塞窗任意采样率变换数字重构滤波器设计方法.该方法通过选择合适的窗参数、截取长度、重构滤波器时域精度和量化位数,有效控制阻带最小衰减抑制数字重构镜像.设计的数字重构滤波器已成功应用于某卫星基带调制解调器,符合镜像抑制大于65 dB的性能要求.     

Radar receiver optimization for a continuously scanning antenna

The optimum coherent radar receiver configuration is derived for a continuously scanning antenna on the basis of maximizing the available energy for a given processor complexity. Included in the analysis are the length of the coherent dwell, the size of the discrete Fourier transform and the degree of weighting used for Doppler filtering, and the use of overlapped processing windows. Gaussian shapes for the processing window and antenna mainbeam are assumed in order to make the analysis tractable     

飞针在线测试技术在电子模块测试中的应用

重点讨论了飞针在线测试技术在电子模块测试中的应用,并分别介绍了模拟器件和数字器件的测试方法。此技术能测试被测电子模块上各器件之间的物理连接,能测试模拟器件的值,同时也能测试数字器件的逻辑关系。此技术采用了基于PC机软件编程方法,使得测试程序化,并采用隔离技术将被测器件分离,提高测试精确度。灵活的软件编写也使得调试方式多样化。飞针测技术的使用能准确定位故障点,缩短调试周期,对小批量生产的电子模块调试有重要作用。     

人工神经网络在数模混合电路故障诊断中的应用

以某导弹测试设备功能模块电路的故障诊断为例,研究了神经网络方法在数模混合电路故障诊断中的应用,着重研究了基于仿真的故障模式获取方法及基于Matlab的网络训练方法。经过验证,该方法能够快速、准确地定位故障。     

基于单片机的多点温度采集系统设计

随着单片机技术的迅速兴起与蓬勃发展,其稳定、安全、高效、经济等优点十分突出。为了实现多点温度数据的精确采集,采用了一种基于单片机AT89C52为核心的数据采集系统,该系统具有电路简单、功耗低、抗干扰能力强、可靠性高等优点,能够通过DBW热电阻变送器对热电阻随温度的变化而得到的模拟信号进行采集,并通过A/D转换器对模拟信号进行模数转换;同时实现基本的人机对话功能,包括使用按键设定温度报警阀值,通过LED数码直读显示检测点、温度等功能。其温度测量精度可达到1℃。     

平台系统数字化框架轴锁定回路设计

平台系统测试设备要求平台在不开盖条件下实现框架锁定,在对陀螺和加速度计进行多位置测试时,必须确保平台框架处于正交锁定状态。原平台系统锁定回路是由模拟电路搭建,不但存在框架抖动问题,而且只能利用机械锁进行框架锁定。针对上述缺陷,本文对原模拟锁定回路进行了数字化改进设计,利用DSP实现传感器信号滤波、控制算法及PWM波输出,再经过功率驱动后控制各框架轴力矩电机实现框架锁定。经仿真和试验验证,数字化锁定回路性能满足测试设备对锁定回路技术要求。     

Digital Computation Makes AFCS More Reliable

In airline service the reliability of a system is more than the confirmed failures for the system; it is the total removal experience of the system. Thus, the reliability of a system lies not only in the piece part failure rates, but also in the capability to verify and isolate failures. The application of digital technology brings several significant reliability improvements to automatic flight control systems (AFCS) when compared to contemporary analog systems. These advantages are demonstrated by the experience of the digital air data computer (DADC) of the DC-10 and the digital AFCS of the JA-37 Viggen. Experience with this equipment is reviewed, and the results are interpreted in terms of projections for airline DAFCS reliability. The digital system built-in test implemented by a stored program and the central processor gives a system integrity and dispatch reliability unequaled by analog systems. This high-integrity self-test reduces removal rates by giving line personnel a trustworthy tool and more complete automatic test processes for verifying maintenance actions. Digital circuit technology is directly suitable to largescale integrated circuits (LSIC) which reduce piece part counts and improve LRU reliability. Digital circuits are less subject to drift and the attendant difficulty to detect failures. These factors, coupled with the inherent high-integrity self-test, provide the basis for a significant improvement in reliability by the use of a digital automatic flight control system.     

基于节点电压增量方程的电路故障子网络诊断

基于节点电压增量方程的电路故障诊断方法通常用来诊断线性电路中的元器件级的故障情况.本文将其推广应用于诊断大规模线性模拟电路中子网络级故障以简化测前仿真,提高诊断效率.     

基于LES与FW-H方程的圆柱-翼型干涉噪声数值研究

采用大涡模拟（LES）结合Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings（FW-H）方程研究了圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的频谱特征和四极子噪声的影响.流场结果与实验吻合较好,声场获得了与实验相一致的频谱形状,翼型前缘30%弦长为主要干涉噪声源.针对计算与实验展向高度不同的问题,首先基于相关函数为三角函数的假定推导了展向修正公式,并与相关文献采用矩形函数、指数函数及高斯函数所得结果进行了对比.结果表明:不同的修正方法修正量差别高达7.6dB,三角函数与矩形函数修正效果类似,优于高斯函数,指数函数修正效果最差.分别采用固体壁面和可穿透数据面作为积分面,研究了体声源的影响,结果表明低马赫数下四极子噪声的影响可以忽略不计.      

Analog Computer Needed!

Science and technology advance neither steadily nor continuously. Concepts deemed obsolete and confined to oblivion find their niche in new developments. Discarded old methods revive as the key ingredients to new designs. Analog computing was the birthplace of two important technologies: Computer simulation, as applied to system design, was founded. The operational amplifier, to become the basis for modern linear circuitry, was perfected. Valuable as it was, analog simulation's quasi-hardware approach to analysis aggravated users as much as it aided them. When digital simulation languages arrived, simulation engineers readily adopted them. When the microprocessor transformed digital computers into inexpensive circuit components (more like gates, flip-flops, amplifiers, etc. than computers,) there arose unlimited prospects for digital control. But, the discrete digital and continuous analog worlds are not compatible. Timing discontinuities and variable resolution limitations create problems. Control system designs, especially microprocessor based ones, need laboratory development. For hands-on testing, the analog computer is as handy an instrument as a controls engineer could have. Its two unique and valuable functions are: Simulator of Systems to be Controlled... The electrical analogs or physical models, analog computer simulations offer predictable yet realistic representations of mechanisms and processes to be controlled. Programmable Linear Circuits Manifold... The terminal points for high quality, linear circuit devices, analog computer patch panels offer the only formal means of programing linear signal processing, interface and control circuits. This paper offers a discussion of these two analog computing uses.     

2–10 KeV spectra of Crab-like SNR's as observed by EXOSAT

The EXOSAT ME observations of 3C58 and G21.5-0.9 are presented. The data for these objects is considered in conjunction with the data available from EXOSAT for the Crab-like SNR's Crab and Vela X. The objects have single power law spectra with a range of spectral indices of 0.6 to 1.5, 3C58 and Vela X being similar to the Crab whilst G21.5-0.9 and the source associated with the Vela pulsar have significantly flatter spectra. The derived column density for G21.5-0.9 is consistent with a distance of 5 kpc. The X-ray luminosities and overall electromagnetic spectra of these objects are investigated as age indicators and compared to current model predictions.     

Low-Frequency Characterization of Switched dc-dc Converters

Averaging techniques are developed to represent buck, boost, and buck-boost types of switched dc-dc converters by approximate continuous models. Simple analytical expressions in terms of the circuit components are derived for the characteristic transient and frequency responses of time-average(continuous) power-stage models for use in designing and understanding the behavior of corresponding switched power stages. Novel conclusions include the dependence of effective circuit component values upon switch duty ratio and the existence of a real positive zero in certain transfer functions. Responses from analog computer simulations of the switched and averaged powerstages agree well and, in turn, confirm the analytic predictions. High-order systems can be analyzed by the averaging technique without a commensurate increase in complexity.