飞机机翼-机身连接结构受力特性分析研究

机翼-机身连接结构作为飞机设计中最重要的一环,应当准确分析其受力特性,合理设计其连接结构。基于有限元计算结果对A、B两种机翼-机身连接结构形式进行受力特性研究,分析表明B结构的机翼后梁后梯形板(或A结构前三角板)分担了部分载荷,减轻了后梁站位加强框承受的载荷。B结构连接刚度相对柔性,减小了后梁处协调变形的影响。A结构设计了后三角板,通过后三角板将起落架部分机构与机身的连接,后三角板分担了部分起落架载荷,对于机身的内力均匀分布是有利的。     

基于力位协同控制的大飞机机身壁板装配调姿方法

为校正中机身壁板由于重力和调姿内力产生的变形，提高中机身壁板装配调姿精度，提出了一种基于力位协同控制的装配调姿方法。通过将调姿机构等效为并联机构，推导了调姿机构的解析正反解模型；根据螺旋理论，建立了力传感器测量值与重力、调姿内力之间的映射关系，实现重力补偿值的动态计算，基于局部刚体-弹性连接假设，通过多元线性回归方法构建了调姿内力转化为位置补偿量的模型；根据Clamped-Free变形协调原理，简化了定位器调姿内力之间的协调关系，在此基础上提出了重力前馈补偿和调姿内力转化为位置补偿的力位协同控制策略，并对其进行了理论分析与设计。最后，对所提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析，结果表明采用力位协同控制方法，调姿定位精度提高35.3%，调姿内力降低77.8%，通过应用实验，说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

民用飞机外翼中央翼对接面位置的研究

机翼对接设计是飞机结构设计的一个重要环节,而机翼对接面位置的选择对对接结构的设计有重要影响。基于客机外翼与中央翼的对接面,分析各种对接面位置对对接结构设计的影响,比较其中的优缺点;分析了修形面和其相对于机身等直段的变形量;并提出一种新型对接面位置,为民用飞机外翼中央翼对接的对接面设计提供一种选择。     

变形飞机机翼折叠机构设计及折叠角度测量

针对变形飞机机翼变形机构的设计要求,设计由舵机、蜗轮蜗杆机构、平行四边形机构组合而成的机翼变形机构,并设计基于三轴加速度计和DSP处理器的机翼折叠角度的测量算法和控制系统。利用加速度计分别求得机身和机翼相对于参考坐标系的角度,相减即得机身平面与机翼的夹角,制作一架小型折叠翼飞机模型对测量算法进行验证。结果表明：机翼能够稳定折叠在任一给定角度,测量算法准确,机翼实际折叠角度误差在可接受的范围内。     

An optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly with engineering constraints

Posture of an aircraft fuselage can be evaluated based on the coordinate values of measure points fixed on the aircraft fuselage in aircraft final assembly. Posture adjustment is carried out by rotation and translation of the aircraft fuselage to make sure that the actual coordinate values of the measure points are coincided with the theoretical ones read from the computer aided design(CAD) model. The point registration method of posture adjustment without considering engineering constraints may cause out-of-tolerance for some engineering constraints. Hence, engineering constraints such as plane symmetry of two points, as well as coplanar and collinear of the multipoint should be considered in the new optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. Based on the point registration model, a multi-objective optimization model of posture adjustment considering engineering constraints including collinear, coplanar, and symmetry constraints is established and represented by a uniform vector function. The weights of constraint conditions can be set freely in the optimization model to reflect the importance of the corresponding constraints in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. The rotation and translation parameters of posture adjustment are obtained by the proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Gauss-Newton method. Results of an example of aircraft fuselage joining assembly show that constraint errors of posture adjustment obtained by the multi-objective optimization model are not out of tolerance for design constraint errors and satisfy the requirement of aircraft fuselage joining assembly.     

机身骨架装配柔性工装设计

为解决当前飞机机身装配工装效率低、定位精度不高、通用性差等问题,根据飞机机身结构,分析其装配需求,采用模块化设计思想,研制了面向机身骨架的"龙门式"柔性装配工装。该套柔性工装能够适应截面直径尺寸小于3m、机身筒段长度3~5m的产品,通过伺服电机驱动、手工调整以及更换特殊定位器等来实现对新类型机身的定位。工装操作简单、适应性强,能够以较低的成本提供较大的柔性。     

民用飞机颤振试飞技术研究

为了能够顺利完成ARJ21-700飞机颤振试飞,研究民用运输类飞机颤振试飞的依据与要求,提出民用运输类飞机颤振试飞的测试方法、试飞方法、激励方法和数据处理方法;结合ARJ21-700飞机合格审定试飞进行试飞验证,给出该型飞机颤振特性试飞的符合性验证结果。结果表明:该套方法适合民用运输类飞机合格审定颤振试飞。     

大型整体壁板成形技术

 大型整体壁板是现代先进民用飞机的重要结构件,大型整体壁板成形技术是整机研制过程中所必须要解决的重大关键技术。从大型整体壁板的结构特点出发,介绍了整体壁板的结构形式和分类,重点阐述了整体带筋壁板喷丸成形技术和时效成形技术的国外研究应用进展及发展趋势,分析了国内现有整体壁板成形技术的基础和存在问题,特别介绍了国内在ARJ21新支线飞机研制中所取得的最新进展。最后针对中国大飞机研制的紧迫需求,提出了尽快开展大飞机机翼和机身整体壁板成形技术研究的建议和对策。     

轴压加筋壁板承载能力计算方法探讨

目前飞机设计中主要采用工程方法计算加筋壁板的承载能力。本文介绍并评述了分段处理法、John-son法和极限载荷法三种常用的工程方法,为了探讨哪种方法能更加满足工程需要,采用这三种方法对某型飞机中央翼加筋壁板及其试验件分别进行计算,表明其中极限载荷法的计算结果偏于安全,与试验结果吻合较好,并采用此法确定了中央翼加筋壁板的承载能力。最后采用极限载荷法进一步计算该型飞机机身11种构型加筋壁板轴压试验件,破坏载荷计算值与试验结果相当吻合,从而证实了极限载荷法是一种计算轴压加筋壁板承载能力更准确、实用的工程方法。     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

A multi-constraints based pose coordination model for large volume components assembly

In the assembly process of large volume product, engineering constraints limit the relative pose of components and serve as a standard for judging assembly quality. However, in the traditional process of target pose estimation, a general method is needed for establishing the correlation between engineering constraints and product pose, and it is difficult to evaluate pose by constraints comprehensively. Therefore, the process of target pose estimation and evaluation is separated. In this paper, a pose coordination model based on multi-constraints is proposed, which includes pre-processing, pose estimation, pose adjustment and evaluation. Firstly, engineering constraints are decoupled into 4 types of Minimum Geometrical Reference Constraints (MGRC), and the inequalities for solving target pose are formulated. Then the Constraint Coordination Index (CCI) is defined as the optimization objective to solve the target pose. Finally, with CCI as the numerical index, the target pose is evaluated to illustrate the quality of assembly. Taking the simulation experiment of wing-fuselage jointing as an example, the external and internal parameters of model are analyzed, and the pose estimation based on multi-constraints reduces the CCI by 12%, compared with the point-set-registration method.     

金属加筋壁板蒙皮有效宽度分析方法

民用飞机机身、机翼的壁板、气密框以及翼梁结构为典型的壁板加筋结构,在承受压缩载荷时需考虑成由蒙皮与筋条组成的复合剖面共同承载,其通常为中长柱,工程分析时常取30倍的蒙皮厚度作为蒙皮有效宽度。取30倍的蒙皮厚度作为蒙皮有效宽度存在着一定的保守性,介绍了Von Karman迭代分析方法、有限元分析方法及常用的工程分析方法。在加筋壁板结构的轴压承载能力计算中,蒙皮有效宽度的确定是较为关键的设计因素,对飞机机身、机翼结构效率的提高和重量控制至关重要。随着加工能力的提升,虽然部分壁板结构由组合式逐渐过渡到了整体机加形式,但所述方法仍有一定的借鉴意义,对目前国内外常用的金属加筋壁板有效宽度的工程分析方法进行了研究,并结合有限元分析对工程分析方法进行了验证。     

长边条翼身融合过渡曲面的构造方法

 针对飞航导弹长边条翼身融合过渡曲面的构造展开研究,为满足融合过渡曲面过渡线能够由设计人员确定和长边条面必须是等截面的直纹面等要求,综合应用基于局部重新参数化构造过渡曲面和基于物理的能量曲面造型构造过渡曲面方法,并结合导弹弹身曲面是等截面直纹面的特点,通过构造翼身融合面、长边条面和头锥面3张曲面拼接来构造G-1连续的长边条翼身融合过渡曲面。提出了预先构造中间辅助面和辅助基曲面的方法,通过辅助基曲面和弹翼面上重新参数化局部基曲面间线性组合来构造翼身融合面。通过使中间辅助过渡面的边界切矢与弹身的纵向切矢一致,来保证长边条面与翼身融合面间的G-1连续性。最后利用基于物理的能量曲面造型方法构造与弹身和长边条面G-1连续的头锥过渡面。     

多控制面飞机的全机颤振主动抑制设计

 以仿F/A-18A外形的全机模型为对象,研究多输入/多输出（MIMO）飞机颤振主动抑制（AFS）设计方法和特点。控制律采用线性二次型高斯（LQG）方法,结合平衡截断法降阶。首先,仅用机翼舵面对机翼部件和全机设计AFS控制律;然后,全动平尾参与AFS控制;最后,机身额外加装小翼,与机翼舵面联合控制,考察AFS效果。研究发现：单独机翼AFS效果显著,颤振速度提高28%;全机构型有机身模态参与颤振,仅用机翼舵面,低阶控制律颤振速度增量仅为4.6%;全动平尾参与控制可改善低频颤振,但存在低速的高频不稳定模态;机身小翼与机翼舵面联合控制,AFS控制效果可达14.9%。最终,筛选出机翼后缘内侧舵面与机身小翼两组控制面进行AFS设计,即可达到14.5%的颤振速度增量,是较为理想的AFS方案。     

民用飞机翼身对接斜撑板结构分析

斜撑板结构可以充分发挥分散载荷和降低区域应力水平的作用。对不同机型的斜撑板结构的传力特性进行分析,总结斜撑板结构的设计要点。并以某机型选用斜撑板结构的设计为例,提出一种斜撑板结构的改进方案(斜撑板侧边和后梁框刚性连接、下边和对接带板充分连接),并与其他两种设计方案进行对比分析。结果表明:改进方案的斜撑板结构翼上区和舱上区的剪应力分别降低了19%和23%,后梁框的集中载荷降低了67%,结构效率更高、稳定性更好。     

DO-254标准在机载电子硬件审定中的应用

现代机载设备广泛使用了复杂电子硬件（CEH）,这对于适航性设计和审定带来了挑战。在ARJ21-700项目中,中国首次采用了RTCA DO-254作为机载复杂电子硬件的适航符合性方法,但标准的应用仍遇到许多困难。以ARJ21-700飞机机载电子硬件的审定经验为基础,梳理了复杂电子硬件的设计和审定过程,补充并解析了DO-254标准中未明确的简单电子硬件、商用现成产品（COTS）、验证标准等关键问题的审定要求,并就部分要求给出了建议的适航符合性验证方法,这些方法也在型号合格审定过程中得以初步应用。     

凸曲面的离散求交算法及其在飞机设计上的应用

构建精确的目标外形是飞机设计的必要条件。本文给出了凸曲面离散求交的算法，在飞机设计中采用此方法，能够得到机身机翼交线的准确位置。     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

低RCS飞行器外形设计实践

 在鸭式布局的基础上 ,对飞行器各部件及部件间的连接方式进行了外形隐身设计。对初步形成的鸭翼 -翼身融合体改变机身头部形状和立尾配置等进行 RCS优化。给出了飞行器各种状态下的 RCS平均值和迎头± 45°区内的 RCS值。测试结果表明 ,尖头机身、 30°双立尾 (立尾与垂直平面成± 30°角 )的鸭翼 -翼身融合体的 RCS值最小。对 RCS优化后的外形 ,风洞测力试验表明其气动性能也较好 (最大升阻比达到 8,失速迎角超过 2 6°)     

无人直升机着舰模拟台控制系统设计

介绍了无人直升机着舰模拟台的机构运动原理,对其进行了运动学逆解分析,并提出了一种基于PAC可编程自动控制器的数字PID闭环控制方法,充分利用了PAC的运动控制性能和高速传输能力进行6个伺服电动缸的位置控制,使模拟台平稳地模拟舰船的各种运动.