超精密切削用金刚石刀具及其研磨

主要介绍日本大阪金刚石工业公司超精密切削加工用金刚石刀具的刃口形式、几何参数;金刚石刀具的研磨工艺和设备;以及刀具严格的质量控制。     

超精密级金刚石刀具技术及装备

超精密级金刚石刀具技术及装备我厂采用表面分析、物质结构分析等高科技手段，对研磨机理进行研究，科学地揭示了金刚石晶体在研磨过程中存在的机械解理及高温石墨化现象，并探讨了两种去除机理对刀具研磨质量和效率的影响。在刀具制作工艺技术中，确定了实用准确的晶体定...     

用于超精密切削的金刚石刀具

金刚石刀具的独特优点使得它在精密和超精密切削中得到广泛的应用,特别是在软质金属的镜面切削中。进一步认识金刚石刀具的特性是十分重要的,本文叙述了金刚石刀具的优点,几何形状,特性,研磨过程等等基本问题。一、金刚石切削刀具的主要优点 1.硬度特别高,可以磨出非常锋利的切削刃。切削刃口的锋利程度用刃口圆角的大小表示,与精密加工可达到什么样的水平密切相     

金刚石超精密切削刀具技术概述

分析了国内外金刚石超精密切削刀具技术的发展概况,并从金刚石超精密切削刀具的精度控制、金刚石超精密切削刀具的选择以及金刚石超精密切削刀具的制造技术等方面进行了探讨。     

金刚石刀具的刃磨技术

一、金刚石刀具的优良特性随着电子、原子能、航海、宇航工业等技术的发展,零件的精度要求不断提高(尺寸精度及形状精度均小于1微米并要求高光洁度),促进了金刚石车削的研究。使用天然单晶金刚石刀具的超精密车削加工,实现了其他加工方法(如抛光、研磨、冷挤等)无法达到的精度要求,从而简化了生产过程,大大地提高了生产效率,降低了成本,减轻了劳动强度。天然金刚石刀具具有以下特性:     

基于纳米颗粒润滑的单点金刚石刀具磨损抑制技术

润滑是单点金刚石车削硬脆材料时的一个非常关键的因素,针对单点金刚石车床超精密加工单晶硅光学零件过程中刀具易磨损、加工精度一致性差等问题,提出了一种单点金刚石刀具磨损抑制技术,通过选用二硫化钼、石墨、铜、氧化铜等纳米颗粒作为润滑剂,在Ф25.4mm单晶硅平片上开展实验研究.结果表明,纳米颗粒的类型和质量分数对车削过程的润滑效果有明显的影响,使用质量分数为10％的纳米石墨颗粒作为润滑剂时,加工后零件表面质量最好.在车削加工5.067km后,单晶硅光学零件表面粗糙度优于25nm,刀具磨损量约5μm,该单点金刚石刀具磨损抑制技术是有效的.     

微结构表面超精密加工中切削条件的影响分析

介绍了微结构功能表面加工中的问题,以同轴调制锯齿波微结构的金刚石超精密加工为例阐述了其加工原理,结合试验对刀具刀尖圆弧半径、被加工材料和切削液等切削条件与金刚石超精密切削加工后的微结构功能表面之间的关系进行了分析与讨论,并对主轴转速和刀具进给速度等切削用量与金刚石超精密切削出的微结构功能表面之间的关系进行了分析与讨论.     

新一代天然金刚石刀具刃磨设备——DGM-100超精密圆弧刃金刚石刀具刃磨机

近期,北京航空精密机械研究所自主开发研制的适用于天然金刚石刀具刃磨的DGM-100超精密金刚石刀具刃磨设备通过技术鉴定。该设备可以满     

国内并联机床的发展

并联机床作为一种新型的加工设备,已成为当前机床技术的一个重要研究方向,受到了国际机床行业的高度重视。并联机床克服了传统串联机床移动部件质量大、系统刚度低、刀具只能沿固定导轨进给、作业自由度偏低、设备加工灵活性和机动性不够等固有缺陷。并联机床可完成从毛坯至成品的多道加工工序,实现并联机床加工的复合化。     

金刚石车刀刃口的定向和研磨技术

一、绪言随着科学技术的发展,一些零件的精度要求越来越高,而这些超精密零件的加工必须用天然金刚石刀具才能实现.因此金刚石刀具的需要量不断增加,作为金刚石刀具要求是高硬度和耐磨.为了保证金刚石车刀的这些要求,必须熟练掌握金刚石晶体定向方法.同时,正确选择金刚石车刀刃口是提高使用寿命的关键.本文介绍定向方法和刃口研磨技术.二、金刚石的特性金刚石是晶体结构,不同的方向有着差异较大的特性,我们可以从不同的方面来辨别.1.颜色差异与硬度的关系金刚石有茶色、黄色、无色透明等差别,其中茶色硬度最高,其次是无色,再次是黄色.但使用硬度计测值时,压头上的硬度差几乎相同.金刚石与其它的矿物结晶体相比,它具有优良的粘性,其中无色、黄色的金刚石更高.用这两种颜色的金刚石制成的车刀使用时不易产生崩刃,但硬度稍差,耐磨性低,刀刃易磨损.茶色金刚石的硬度高,但粘性低,容易受冲击发生崩刃,但只要注意操作或改变刃口形     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

CBN滚切车刀研制及其加工质量研究

研制了安装９．５～２３ Ｃ Ｂ Ｎ 刀片的滚切车刀。刀片用弹性卡头装卡,刀杆具有可调前角和刃倾角,并具有滑动轴承和滚动轴承 ２ 种刀轴。切削实验表明,加工质量主要受表面波纹度影响,采用适当的切削速度、进给量、刀具几何参数,减小刀片直径和刀轴轴承间隙均可降低波纹度。     

Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

复杂型面微小零件精密切削工艺研究

在自研的微小零件精密加工机床上,通过分析复杂型面造型技术、刀具路径规划方法和切削用量优化选择,开展了金属材料复杂形面微小零件的精密切削工艺研究,加工出了硬铝材料制作、典型的高精度复杂形面微小零件样件。     

非球面零件超精密加工技术

介绍了非球面零件超精密切削、超精密磨削、超精密抛光（研磨）、等离子体的CVM、复制等技术的超精密加工方法．     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

单晶金刚石微型刀具的工艺技术研究

介绍了单晶金刚石微型刀具的应用和技术特点,研究探讨了单晶金刚石微型刀具的设计原理和制造工艺,并探究了用"金刚石磨金刚石"方法加工金刚石微型刀具的可行性和潜力.     

预浸料厚坯超声切割工艺研究

 预浸料厚坯超声切割技术,具有无刀具磨损、加工速度快、加工精度高、无粉尘污染等优势,切割质量优异,在国外已得到了广泛应用,而国内目前仍处于初期研究阶段。本文以航空航天应用为主的碳纤维预浸料厚坯为实验材料,研究了切割温度、切割速度以及切割能量等切割工艺参数对切割质量的影响。研究结果表明,对于一定厚度的预浸料厚坯,最优的切割工艺参数组合:切割温度为5℃,切割速度为1.0 m/min,切割能量为8级。该研究方法与研究成果为超声切割技术在预浸料切割中的应用奠定了基础。     

单激励超声椭圆振动车削薄壁筒实验研究

通过对普通夹心式超声椭圆振动换能器结构的研究,设计了一种能够在单一纵向激励的情况下产生椭圆振动的换能器结构,利用有限元分析工具对换能器的结构进行分析,并且利用光纤测振仪对单一纵向激励换能器进行了测量,验证了可以通过单向激励产生椭圆振动。利用这种结构研制了一套单激励超声椭圆振动车削系统,采用PCD刀具对LY12实心件和薄壁筒工件进行了精密切削实验,实验结果表明椭圆振动切削可以大幅度降低切削力,明显改善薄壁工件的形状精度,同时工件还具有较好的表面粗糙度。     

Tool wear during high speed turning in situ TiCp/TiBw hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite

Chipping, adhesive wear, abrasive wear and crater wear are prevalent for both the polycrystalline diamond(PCD) and the carbide tools during high speed turning of TiC_p/TiB_w hybrid reinforced Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) matrix composite(TMCs). The combined effects of abrasive wear and diffusion wear caused the big crater on PCD and carbide tool rake face. Compared to the PCD, bigger size of crater was found on the carbide tool due to much higher cutting temperature and the violent chemical reaction between the Ti element in the workpiece and the WC in the tool.However, the marks of the abrasive wear looked much slighter or even could not be observed on the carbide tool especially when low levels of cutting parameters were used, which attributes to much lower hardness and smaller size of WC combined with more significant chemical degradation of carbide. When cutting TC4 using PCD tool, notch wear was the most significant wear pattern which was not found when cutting the TMCs. However, chipping, adhesive wear and crater wear were much milder when compared to the cutting of titanium matrix composite. Due to the absence of abrasive wear when cutting TC4, the generated titanium carbide on the PCD protected the tool from fast wear, which caused that the tool life for TC4 was 6–10 times longer than that for TMCs.