金刚石超精密切削刀具技术概述

分析了国内外金刚石超精密切削刀具技术的发展概况,并从金刚石超精密切削刀具的精度控制、金刚石超精密切削刀具的选择以及金刚石超精密切削刀具的制造技术等方面进行了探讨。     

超硬微结构光学功能表面的ELID磨削加工技术*

针对超硬微结构功能表面的ELID磨削技术研究现状进行综述,介绍了超精密磨削技术在超硬微结构光学功能表面加工方面的研究进展,同时也介绍了ELID磨削技术应用于微结构加工方面的研究现状,探讨了采用ELID对超硬微结构光学功能表面进行磨削加工的可行性及面临的问题,并对微结构光学功能表面的ELID加工技术的发展和应用进行预测和建议。     

SiC晶须增强铝复合材料的超精切削

本文阐明了ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ超精密切削加工时，刀具材料、金刚石粒度、切削路径及晶须方向对加工表面粗糙度的影响规律。     

超精密车削表面三维微观形貌仿真及特征分析

对在金刚石超精密车削加工中刀具与工件间相对振动对工件表面形貌的影响进行了仿真,并在理论上对工件表面的三维微观形貌的特征进行了分析,表明在不同的切削条件下工件表面形貌具有不同的特征。     

用于超精密切削的金刚石刀具

金刚石刀具的独特优点使得它在精密和超精密切削中得到广泛的应用,特别是在软质金属的镜面切削中。进一步认识金刚石刀具的特性是十分重要的,本文叙述了金刚石刀具的优点,几何形状,特性,研磨过程等等基本问题。一、金刚石切削刀具的主要优点 1.硬度特别高,可以磨出非常锋利的切削刃。切削刃口的锋利程度用刃口圆角的大小表示,与精密加工可达到什么样的水平密切相     

微结构的精密微细铣削加工技术研究

探讨在超精密微小型铣床上进行微结构的精密微细铣削的可行性,使用不同类型的微小刀具在高分子材料上成功的加工出不同的微结构阵列,使用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察并分析了精密微细铣削加工的微结构阵列.     

微结构表面超精密切削加工的关键技术

总结了微结构表面超精密切削加工技术相对于其他加工方法所不具备的关键技术,并指出了这一领域主要的研究方向及技术难点。     

超精密切削积屑瘤问题的研究

结合超精密切削的工艺特点,在分析超精密切削积屑瘤现象及成因的基础上,通过研究切削用量、刀具几何参数、切削液、刀具刃磨等因素对积屑瘤的影响机理,分析积屑瘤对超精密切削加工表面粗糙度、切削力和切削变形、切削振动的影响,并提出超精密切削条件下抑制积屑瘤的主要方法.     

超精密切削用金刚石刀具及其研磨

主要介绍日本大阪金刚石工业公司超精密切削加工用金刚石刀具的刃口形式、几何参数;金刚石刀具的研磨工艺和设备;以及刀具严格的质量控制。     

SiC晶须增强铝基复合材料超精密切削试验研究

通过聚晶金刚石刀具对SiC晶须增强铝基复合材料SiCw/LD2的超精密切削试验,并用原子力显微镜AFM对加工表面的微观形貌进行检测分析证明:SiCw/Al铝基复合材料的加工表面粗糙度值可以达到超精密级Ra0.01μm,但比切铝基体材料的表面粗糙度值大一级,且粗糙度值随着切削速度的增加、进给量的减小而减小,而吃刀量的影响不大;晶须的破坏方式对加工表面粗糙度也有直接影响。     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

Weakening of the anisotropy of surface roughness in ultra-precision turning of single-crystal silicon

Ultra-precision machining causes materials to undergo a greatly strained deformation process in a short period of time.The effect of shear strain rates on machining quality, in particular on surface anisotropy, is a topic deserving of research that has thus far been overlooked.This study analyzes the impact of the strain rate during the ultra-precision turning of single-crystal silicon on the anisotropy of surface roughness.Focusing on the establishment of cutting models considering the tool rake angle and the edge radius, this is the first research that takes into account the strain rate dislocation emission criteria in studying the effects of the edge radius, the cutting speed, and the cutting thickness on the plastic deformation of single-crystal silicon.The results of this study show that the uses of a smaller edge radius, faster cutting speeds, and a reduced cutting thickness can result in optimally uniform surface roughness, while the use of a very sharp cutting tool is essential when operating with smaller cutting thicknesses.A further finding is that insufficient plastic deformation is the major cause of increased surface roughness in the ultra-precision turning of brittle materials.On this basis, we propose that the capacity of single-crystal silicon to emit dislocations be improved as much as possible before brittle fracture occurs, thereby promoting plastic deformation and minimizing the anisotropy of surface roughness in the machined workpiece.     

辊筒模具超精密加工机床液体静压导轨热变形分析

为了提高辊筒模具光学微结构的加工精度,本文对辊筒模具超精密加工机床的直线导轨系统进行了热变形分析。首先,根据液体静压导轨的结构特点提出了有限元分析中的油膜等效替代方法,建立了有限元分析模型。其次,应用有限元软件对机床直线导轨系统进行了热-结构耦合分析,得到了其直线导轨系统热变形误差,并给出了改善辊筒模具加工机床光学微结构加工精度的方法。最后,通过微结构刨削加工实验对有限元分析结果进行了验证。     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

非球面零件超精密加工技术

介绍了非球面零件超精密切削、超精密磨削、超精密抛光（研磨）、等离子体的CVM、复制等技术的超精密加工方法．     

切削速度对单晶锗脆塑转变的影响

采用纳米压痕仪对单晶锗(100)(110)(111)晶面进行了纳米划痕实验,分析不同划痕速度对单晶锗不同晶面脆塑转变临界状态变化规律的影响,采用原子力显微镜对样品表面进行扫描观测。结果表明:划痕速度增加,单晶锗产生塑性去除的区域增大;但划痕速度过大,就会降低单晶锗产生塑性去除的区域。预测了在超精密切削加工中切削速度对单晶锗发生脆塑转变时的临界状态的影响规律,为实际超精密切削加工单晶锗零件提供数据支持。     

C/SiC复合材料AUAG加工机理及实验研究

对C/SiC复合材料沿纤维分布方向超声磨削加工AUAG展开研究,对超声加工C/Si C复合材料的表面微观结构以及机械性能进行了评估,对表面质量随加工参数的变化而变化展开了研究。结果表明通过AUAG超声磨削加工参数的优化设计,可以得到较好的表面质量。     

闭式整体叶盘通道五坐标分行定轴加工刀轴矢量规划方法

闭式整体叶盘是新一代航空发动机实现减重增效的关键零件,其通道结构属于典型多约束复杂通道结构。针对闭式整体叶盘通道精加工,提出了一种基于五坐标分行定轴加工的刀轴矢量规划方法。从加工原理上给出了分行定轴加工方法的基本概念,并分析了闭式整体叶盘通道五坐标加工的特征;在刀具预定义和建立检查面球体包围盒层次树结构的基础上,给出了刀轴矢量无干涉区域的计算方法;基于刀位点最短刀长的计算与分析,进行了叶盘通道加工区域划分,建立了分行定轴加工刀轴矢量规划方法。实验验证表明:分行定轴相对五轴联动加工方法不仅可明显提高加工过程中的稳定性和叶片加工表面质量,还可提高叶片精加工效率。