考虑扰动输入/性能输出分布时作动/传感器配置优化

 针对结构振动控制问题，提出了一种考虑扰动输入/性能输出分布信息时作动/传感器的优化配置准则。在降维的模态坐标下建立状态空间形式的结构动力学方程，通过Lyapunov方程求解扰动和作动器的能控性Gramian矩阵，并利用矩阵奇异值分解获得扰动的能控性方向和作动器的能控性方向，通过同时最大化作动器对结构的作动能力以及作动器的能控性方向与扰动的能控性方向的一致性来确定作动器的最优位置。类似思想用于确定传感器的最优位置。以采用压电片为作动器的悬臂梁为例阐述了新准则的应用。     

柔性杆系统压电扭转致动器/传感器优化配置研究

 针对空间柔性杆系统的扭转振动问题,提出了一类由柔性杆、电阻应变片传感器、压电扭转致动器组成的柔性杆系统。为了研究此系统的扭转振动,运用拉格朗日方程和假设模态法建立了系统的动力学方程。针对柔性杆系统中压电扭转致动器、传感器的优化配置问题,提出一种基于最小输入能量、最大能量传递、Grammian矩阵最小奇异值最大化的复合优化策略,采用遗传算法对致动器/传感器的位置进行了搜索,找到了最优位置位于柔性杆的根部。进行了数值分析研究,结果表明,与其他位置相比,最优位置最有利于致动器实施控制,同时也最有利于传感器的观测。     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.     

Optimal positioning of piezoelectric actuators on a smart fin using bio-inspired algorithms

In this paper a novel approach is developed for optimization of piezoelectric actuators in vibration suppression. A scaled model of a vertical tail of F/A-18 is developed in which piezoelectric actuators are bounded to the surface. The frequency response function (FRF) of the system is then recorded and maximization of the FRF peaks is considered as the objective function of the optimization algorithm to enhance the actuator authority on the mode, which assigns the optimal placement of the pair of piezoelectric actuators on the smart fin. Six multi-layer perceptron neural networks are employed to perform surface fitting to the discrete data generated by the finite element method (FEM). Invasive weed optimization (IWO), a novel numerical stochastic optimization algorithm, is then employed to maximize the FRF peak which in due reduces the vibration of the smart fin. Results indicated an accurate surface fitting for the FRF peak data as well as the optimal placement of the piezoelectric actuators for vibration suppression.     

基于深度森林的卫星ACS执行机构与传感器故障识别

针对卫星姿态控制系统（ACS）闭环回路的故障难以辨识的问题,引入深度森林算法,实现执行机构与传感器故障识别。首先针对可获取的少量卫星姿态控制系统遥测数据,结合系统动力学特性,研究合适的特征选择和特征提取方法,再结合深度森林算法进行故障信息学习与辨识,建立故障预测模型,实现执行机构故障与传感器故障的识别。半物理仿真结果表明：在存在气浮台干扰力矩、卫星转动惯量未知、飞轮非线性特性、闭环故障传播等多种不利因素情况下,深度森林算法对于执行机构和传感器故障具有高效的识别能力。     

振动主动控制中的三个问题

介绍了振动主动控制中的三个重要问题：传感器、作动器和信号处理，对常用的传感器、作动器的工作原理、特点和应用进行了分析，并对信号处理的两个重要技术：Fourier变换和小波分析进行了较详细的分析比较。     

压电智能反射面静态形状控制与作动器位置优化

为了提高反射面的精度,建立了压电智能反射面的形状控制模型,对该结构的力学建模方法、形状控制方法和作动器优化配置算法进行了研究。首先,将蜂窝夹层结构的压电智能反射面等效为多层复合板,根据虚功原理推导了结构的有限元方程。然后,根据建立的有限元方程,推导了反射面变形的均方根误差与作动器控制电压的关系式,以均方根误差最小为优化目标,建立了形状控制优化模型,将作动器控制电压的优化转化为约束优化问题的求解。最后,采用模拟退火算法对压电作动器进行了优化配置。为了验证形状控制的可行性及优化算法的有效性,以300mm口径的平面压电智能反射面为例进行仿真,分析结果表明,通过压电作动器的控制,可以使反射面的重力变形误差减小97%以上,对于给定数目的作动器,通过模拟退火算法优化,可使其布置在最佳的位置。     

利用压电传感器/驱动器的柔性结构主动振动控制研究

 以粘贴有压电传感器/驱动器的柔性梁主动振动控制为例，论述了进行柔性结构传感器/驱动器及控制系统一体化研究的方法。给出了压电传感器的检测方程和驱动器的的驱动方程，以玻璃钢材料的柔性梁为实验对象，并采用自适应滤波技术来实现主动振动控制，控制系统有TMS320C25及486计算机组成的主从机系统来实现，实验结果表明此种控制方法是有效的。     

弹性高超声速滑翔飞行器的状态/参数联合估计

弹性高超声速滑翔飞行器具有强非线性、强不确定性和刚体/弹性耦合的特点，对其状态和参数进行估计十分必要。为解决这一问题，提出了一种传感器布置策略和一种利用正交三角（QR）分解更新到达代价的滚动时域估计算法（MHE-QR）。首先，建立了考虑弹性的传感器观测模型并分析了传感器位置对可观性的影响，并在此基础上提出了一种反映系统可观性的性能指标。传感器布置策略以此性能指标为目标函数，将传感器布置问题转化为约束非线性优化问题并求解，即可得到最优传感器布置方案。然后提出了MHE-QR算法。在滚动时域估计的框架下，该算法利用前向动态规划原理将到达代价的计算转化为最小二乘问题，并给出了基于QR分解的到达代价更新算法。仿真结果表明该传感器布置策略和MHE-QR算法能够有效提高估计精度、收敛速度和计算速度。此外，MHE-QR算法具有实时应用的潜力。     

Proportional fuzzy feed-forward architecture control validation by wind tunnel tests of a morphing wing

In aircraft wing design, engineers aim to provide the best possible aerodynamic performance under cruise flight conditions in terms of lift-to-drag ratio. Conventional control sur-faces such as flaps, ailerons, variable wing sweep and spoilers are used to trim the aircraft for other flight conditions. The appearance of the morphing wing concept launched a new challenge in the area of overall wing and aircraft performance improvement during different flight segments by locally altering the flow over the aircraft's wings. This paper describes the development and appli-cation of a control system for an actuation mechanism integrated in a new morphing wing structure. The controlled actuation system includes four similar miniature electromechanical actuators dis-posed in two parallel actuation lines. The experimental model of the morphing wing is based on a full-scale portion of an aircraft wing, which is equipped with an aileron. The upper surface of the wing is a flexible one, being closed to the wing tip; the flexible skin is made of light composite materials. The four actuators are controlled in unison to change the flexible upper surface to improve the flow quality on the upper surface by delaying or advancing the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime. The actuators transform the torque into vertical forces. Their bases are fixed on the wing ribs and their top link arms are attached to supporting plates fixed onto the flex-ible skin with screws. The actuators push or pull the flexible skin using the necessary torque until the desired vertical displacement of each actuator is achieved. The four vertical displacements of the actuators, correlated with the new shape of the wing, are provided by a database obtained through a preliminary aerodynamic optimization for specific flight conditions. The control system is designed to control the positions of the actuators in real time in order to obtain and to maintain the desired shape of the wing for a specified flight condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control system by use of a proportional fuzzy feed-forward methodology are demon-strated experimentally through bench and wind tunnel tests of the morphing wing model.     

A Backstepping Simple Adaptive Control Application to Flexible Space Structures

Although the simple adaptive control (SAC) is widely studied both in theory and application in flexible space structure control and other control problems, it is restricted by the almost strictly positive real (ASPR) conditions. In most practical control problems, the ASPR conditions are not satisfied. Therefore, based on the SAC theory, this paper proposes a backstepping simple adaptive control algorithm which suits the system with arbitrary relative degree with no need of parallel feedforward compensator. The proposed control algorithm consists of decomposition of the arbitrary relative degree system into a known subsystem and an unknown ASPR subsystem which are connected in cascade, design of constant output feedback controller for the known subsystem, and implementation of backstepping method and SAC of the unknown ASPR subsystem. Inheriting the characteristics of the SAC, this method can be adaptive online for the parameter uncertainties. Then, the application of the proposed controller to large flexible space structure with collocated sensors and actuators is studied, and the simulation results validate the proposed controller. It is a new strategy to apply the classical SAC to high relative degree plants.     

Postcapture stabilization of space robots considering actuator failures with bounded torques

Space robotics is regarded as one of the most impressing approaches for space debris removal missions. Due to the residual momentum of debris, it is essential to stabilize the base rapidly after capture. This paper presents a novel control strategy for stabilization of a space robot in postcapture considering actuator failures and bounded torques. In the control strategy, the motion of the manipulator is not regarded as a disturbance to the base; in contrast, it is utilized to compensate for the limitation of the control torques by means of an inverse dynamical model of the system. Different scenarios where actuators are external mechanisms or momentum exchange devices have been carried out, and for actuator failures, both single- and two-actuator failures have been considered. Regarding to the performance of actuators, control torques are bounded. In cases that either single or two actuators have failed, the base can be stabilized kinematically when actuators are external mechanisms, but can only be stabilized dynamically when only momentum exchange devices are used. Finally, a space robot with a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator in postcapture is studied to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme. Simulation results show that the whole system can be stabilized rapidly.     

直升机振动主动控制的机身/压电叠层作动器耦合优化法

直升机振动主动控制通常使用惯性作动器,一般惯性作动器的附加重量要占到机体重量的4％～5％才有较好的控制效果.压电叠层作动器(PSA)作为轻质、高效的执行元件用于直升机振动主动控制可有效地降低附加重量、提高控制性能.本文将压电叠层作动器用于直升机振动主动控制,并提出了机身/压电叠层作动器耦合优化法.采用基于频率响应函数的...     

冗余度柔性机器人动态响应主动控制

研究了具有压电作动器与应变传感器的冗余度柔性机器人的振动主动控制问题。建立了该离散时变动力学系统的状态空间表达式。根据离散量小值原理设计了LQR最优控制律，并提出了一种状态估计的近似方法。平面3R冗余度柔性机器人的仿真算例表明，采用这种主动控制方法可使冗余度柔性机器人的动力学特性得到显改善。     

弹性飞行器操纵机构最优位置的确定

本文研究了弹性飞行器操纵机构最优位置的确定。在具有速率反馈的控制系统中,把控制作用看作等效阻尼,推导了由气动弹性效应所决定的舵面最优位置准则,给出了表征舵面位置与陀螺位置协调关系的公式。附有实例验证。     

电流变柔性微致动器驱动电源的研究

针对电流变柔性微致动器所用的驱动电源,在理论上探讨了采用交流或直流供电方式的特点,并以此为基础设计了驱动电源的电路结构,然后针对驱动电源的关键技术做了分析,提出了稳定性补偿方案并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明电流变微致动器的分布电容对驱动电源的动态响应有很大影响。     

Design and performance analysis of position-based impedance control for an electrohydrostatic actuation system

Electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a type of power-by-wire actuator that is widely implemented in the aerospace industry for flight control, landing gears, thrust reversers, thrust vector control, and space robots. This paper presents the development and evaluation of position-based impedance control (PBIC) for an EHA. Impedance control provides the actuator with compliance and facilitates the interaction with the environment. Most impedance control applications utilize electrical or valve-controlled hydraulic actuators, whereas this work realizes impedance control via a compact and efficient EHA. The structures of the EHA and PBIC are firstly introduced. A mathematical model of the actuation system is established, and values of its coefficients are identified by particle swarm optimization. This model facilitates the development of a position controller and the selection of target impedance parameters. A nonlinear proportional-integral position controller is developed for the EHA to achieve the accurate positioning requirement of PBIC. The controller compensates for the adverse effect of stiction, and a position accuracy of 0.08 mm is attained. Various experimental results are presented to verify the applicability of PBIC to the EHA. The compliance of the actuator is demonstrated in an impact test.     

垂尾抖振主动控制的压电作动器布局优化

为了提高压电作动器垂尾抖振主动控制系统的控制性能,提出一种基于输出可控性的压电作动器优化准则。使用压电驱动载荷等效方法建立压电纤维复合材料（MFC）压电作动器力学模型,并建立了带MFC压电作动器垂尾结构模型的动力学方程。在模态可控性和模态价值理论的基础上,提出考虑剩余模态影响的压电作动器优化目标函数。针对垂尾结构的前5阶模态使用遗传算法优化得到压电作动器的布局方案,使用线性二次高斯（LQG）最优控制方法控制垂尾的抖振响应。仿真结果表明,本文优化得到的布局方案比用其他方法能更好地均衡系统的模态可控性,减小剩余模态的影响,获得更好的垂尾抖振响应控制。     

某型机助力器承载特性分析

某旋翼系统装于某型直升机,实测了该直升机在悬停、盘旋、平飞、过载、机动飞行科目下的桨叶变距拉杆的铰链力矩,据此计算了该型机纵向和横向操纵助力器所受载荷;同时根据该机操纵助力器输出力与操纵速度特性曲线,考核验证某旋翼系统的铰链力矩、某型机操纵助力器的承载特性即桨叶和助力器的设计及其匹配是否合理、安全可行。     

Sensor Optimization Selection Model Based on Testability Constraint

Sensor selection and optimization is one of the important parts in design for testability. To address the problems that the traditional sensor optimization selection model does not take the requirements of prognostics and health management especially fault prognostics for testability into account and does not consider the impacts of sensor actual attributes on fault detectability, a novel sensor optimization selection model is proposed. Firstly, a universal architecture for sensor selection and optimization is provided. Secondly, a new testability index named fault predictable rate is defined to describe fault prognostics requirements for testability. Thirdly, a sensor selection and optimization model for prognostics and health management is constructed, which takes sensor cost as objective function and the defined testability indexes as constraint conditions. Due to NP-hard property of the model, a generic algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal solution. At last, a case study is presented to demonstrate the sensor selection approach for a stable tracking servo platform. The application results and comparison analysis show the proposed model and algorithm are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to select sensors for prognostics and health management of any system.