ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强酚醛树脂复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用新颖的水热电泳法在碳布表面生长ZnO纳米棒,制备出ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强体,与传统水热法相比,有效地缩短了ZnO纳米棒的生长时间。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强体的结构特征、微观形貌进行表征。探索了不同电泳时间(15、30、45、60min)对碳布增强复合材料的湿式摩擦性能和拉伸性能的影响规律。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒/碳布多尺度增强体有效提高了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能和拉伸性能,归因于多尺度增强体与树脂基体之间形成良好的界面结合。当电泳30min时,复合材料表现出最高且稳定的摩擦系数,与原始碳布复合材料相比磨损率降低了55.40%。复合材料的拉伸强度为133.74MPa,与原始复合材料相比提高了30.10%。因此,水热电泳法在制备碳布多尺度增强的复合材料方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

空间环境对光学元件分子污染的影响及减缓方法

随着航天器在轨寿命的延长，分子污染对其空间光学系统在轨安全和可靠性的影响越来越突出。文章首先阐明空间分子污染的来源及其对空间光学元件的效应；之后分析温度、紫外辐射、激光照射等空间自然环境和人工环境对光学元件分子污染的影响，揭示空间环境影响光学元件分子污染的演变过程和形态；进而给出地面预处理、表面改性、优化系统设计和在轨主动清除等方面的空间光学元件分子污染减缓与清除技术；最后提出分子污染的高灵敏监测、热控及分子污染吸附复合涂层、分子污染在轨高效去除技术、先进的协同模拟设备和仿真技术等研究方向。     

沸石分子筛对航天器分子污染物的吸附性能研究

针对空间环境中有机污染物沉积在航天器敏感部件上造成相关功能失效问题,提出一种利用沸石分子筛多孔结构在轨清除有机污染物的新方法。研究了真空环境中,Naβ、NaY、13X三种分子筛对某型号电缆真空放气产物的吸附能力,结果表明13X的吸附能力优于其它两种分子筛,饱和吸收率为14.03%。将其作为分子吸附器的吸附材料应用到航天器易污染的部位,将会有效控制航天器在轨运行的污染水平,提高可靠性。     

QCM用于检测航天器表面污染的技术研究

文章简要叙述了QCM(石英晶体微量天平)检测技术在航天器表面污染检测中的作用,主要体现在航天器表面、光学仪器和动力系统的污染检测,低地球轨道空间的原子氧检测,并且对QCM检测中使用的关键方法,热解重量分析法和温度效应进行分析。     

沸石分子筛材料在航天器污染控制中的应用与发展

航天器在高真空环境运行时,所用非金属材料释放的有机分子污染物易沉积在航天器敏感部件表面,严重影响航天器的性能和使用寿命。沸石分子筛材料含有丰富孔道结构,具有独特的分子吸附特性,可用于在轨分子污染物的吸附控制。文章详细综述了沸石分子筛材料在控制在轨分子污染物方面的应用与研究现状,分析国内外研究差距,并展望未来发展方向。     

纤维增强复合材料静动态拉伸形变的碳纳米纸传感器监测

碳纳米纸可用作应变传感器监测纤维增强复合材料在静动态拉伸状况下的变形问题,这主要是通过测量与玻璃纤维增强复合材料一体固化成型的碳纳米纸传感器电阻变化来实现。试验结果表明,静态拉伸试验中,碳纳米纸传感器具有非常灵敏的应变传感性,在0~11 021με的应变范围内,其应变传感系数可达到22.1,在弹性极限点位置(应力为210MPa)电阻变化率发生突变;拉-拉疲劳试验中,当最大拉伸应力(215 MPa)大于弹性极限时,残余电阻变化率随疲劳周期增加明显加快;碳纳米纸传感器具有非常好的应变监测同步性和稳定性,完全可满足复合材料结构健康监测需要。     

TiO2光催化薄膜在空间污染防护 应用中的探索

文章采用溶胶凝胶法在JGS1石英玻璃上制备了TiO₂薄膜,并对其晶体结构与光催化性能之间的关系进行了研究,探讨了紫外光辐照下TiO₂薄膜对大分子链硅油光催化效果。结果表明:经500 ℃热处理后的TiO₂薄膜为锐钛矿结构,具有较高的光催化活性;在253 nm紫外光辐照下,TiO₂薄膜对大分子链硅油表现出较好的光催化降解效果。该研究将为空间环境下飞行器光学表面污染净化材料的开发提供有益参考。     

陶瓷基分子吸附器的航天器污染控制性能试验研究

为验证陶瓷基分子吸附器利用多孔材料的吸附性能降低航天器一定区域内污染水平的能力,试验研究真空环境中13X分子筛材料的分子污染物吸/脱附特性,以及以13X分子筛为吸附剂的陶瓷基分子吸附器对航天器用电缆放气产物的吸附性能。试验结果表明:13X分子筛可以有效捕获污染物分子,陶瓷基分子吸附器的吸附能力在3.1×10-2～3.4×10-2 g/cm2之间。陶瓷基分子吸附器可以应用于航天器热真空试验和在轨运行时的污染控制,有利于延长航天器寿命、提高航天器可靠性。     

基于投影矩阵搜索的相干源DOA估计算法

在强相关或相干信号源环境下，基于子空间分解的高分辨方法无法准确估计信号到达角，而许多传统的解相干方法，如空间平滑法等，会减少阵列的有效孔径，且只适用于具有移不变性的阵列结构。针对相干信源DOA估计问题，提出了一种基于投影矩阵搜索的DOA估计算法。首先根据阵列流型构造噪声子空间的投影矩阵，并将阵列接收信号投影到噪声子空间；然后通过遍历搜索所有可能的投影矩阵获得空间谱，进而得到相干源的DOA估计。该算法能有效进行相干信源DOA估计，与传统的相干源DOA估计方法相比，该算法不会减小阵列的有效孔径，且适用于任意阵列结构，并具有良好的估计精度和超分辨能力，但计算复杂度较高。通过仿真实验，验证了该算法的有效性，比较了该算法与传统算法的性能。     

下期要目

空间原子氧环境对航天器表面侵蚀效应及防护技术90keV电子辐照对Kapton H薄膜化学结构的影响真空紫外辐照对环氧基纳米复合材料电阻性能的影响研究(英文)分子污染光学效应试验研究舱外航天服热试验外热流模拟方法研究多轴振动试验系统传递函数估计的数值仿真研究航天员出舱活动     

一种用于液相检测的耗散型石英晶体微天平振荡电路设计

由于液相环境的特殊性，传统石英晶体微天平(quartz crystal microbalance,QCM)仅依靠谐振频率f无法完整描述溶液与吸附膜的力学性质，为此需引入新的参数——耗散因子D。同时，液相环境中普通振荡电路存在诸多问题，所以研究基于耗散因子D的耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)振荡电路具有重要意义。本文将QCM振荡电路与耗散因子D相结合，通过使用并联电容补偿与自动增益控制技术，设计出适用于QCM-D的振荡电路和相应的系统调试方案，其能稳定振荡在80%浓度的丙三醇溶液中。     

低温石英天平在材料放气污染特性测试中的应用

研制了适用于ASTME 1559航天器材料放气污染特性测试标准的低温石英晶体微量天平,天平的谐振频率可以为5MHz、10MHz和20MHz,能够在82K的低温下工作。文章对天平的输出频率稳定性、质量灵敏度和低温凝结效应进行了测量,结果表明该天平在各个方面均能满足ASTM E 1559标准测试要求。     

QK型石英晶体微量天平频温效应的初步研究

文章利用QK型石英晶体微量天平温度热效应模型,对其频温效应问题进行了分析,并通过温度-频率特性试验,对分析结果进行了验证。同时,为今后石英晶体微量天平的研制提出了建议。     

10MHz温控石英晶体微量天平的研制

石英晶体微量天平是在航天器研制过程中对分子污染进行检测和量化的主要设备.文章介绍了它的机理,并对正在研制的10MHz石英微量天平的技术指标、研制进展等进行了详细的叙述.     

原子氧环境对石英晶体微量天平性能影响的分析

随着高可靠、长寿命航天器的发展,对在轨污染检测的要求也越来越高。石英晶体微量天平是分子污染检测的重要工具,为了分析了解原子氧对石英晶体微量天平的影响,文章用理论分析和试验的方法对石英晶片在1×1020 atom/cm2注量的原子氧辐照条件下的性能变化进行了研究。试验证明,石英晶体微量天平在总注量1020 atom/cm2量级的原子氧辐照后,其振荡频率和等效阻容感发生了一定变化,但仍具备污染传感能力和频率输出能力,其功能不受影响。     

Can enantiomorphic crystals like quartz play a role in the origin of homochirality on earth?

This communication reviews the possible actions of enantiomorphic crystals on the surface of Earth as sources of homochirality of organic compounds. The discovery of asymmetric adsorption and asymmetric catalysis involving optically active quartz crystals has led some authors to conclude that this source of asymmetry played an important role as a source of homochirality in nature, a concept that later proved erroneous. Moreover, data regarding the preponderance in nature of l-quartz crystals have been used to confirm calculations of the parity violation energy difference (PVED) for l-quartz and, hence, to explain the prevalence of L-amino acids and D-sugars in living matter. As discussed here, quartz and other enantiomorphs such as sodium chlorate can produce chiral intermediates active in autocatalytical processes. Our most recent compilation of the literature, however, reveals that the distribution of d- and l-quartz crystals at the surface of the Earth when all possible locations are included is quite random. Although quartz can serve as an effective asymmetric inductor in autocatalytic processes, it cannot be the source of homochirality of living matter because of the random occurrence of the two types of enantiomorphs. The calculations of PVED values for quartz therefore lack a sound physical basis.     

Searching for life on Mars: selection of molecular targets for ESA's aurora ExoMars mission

The European Space Agency's ExoMars mission will seek evidence of organic compounds of biological and non-biological origin at the martian surface. One of the instruments in the Pasteur payload may be a Life Marker Chip that utilizes an immunoassay approach to detect specific organic molecules or classes of molecules. Therefore, it is necessary to define and prioritize specific molecular targets for antibody development. Target compounds have been selected to represent meteoritic input, fossil organic matter, extant (living, recently dead) organic matter, and contamination. Once organic molecules are detected on Mars, further information is likely to derive from the detailed distribution of compounds rather than from single molecular identification. This will include concentration gradients beneath the surface and gradients from generic to specific compounds. The choice of biomarkers is informed by terrestrial biology but is wide ranging, and nonterrestrial biology may be evident from unexpected molecular distributions. One of the most important requirements is to sample where irradiation and oxidation are minimized, either by drilling or by using naturally excavated exposures. Analyzing regolith samples will allow for the search of both extant and fossil biomarkers, but sequential extraction would be required to optimize the analysis of each of these in turn.     

A transmission electron microscopy study of silica and kerogen biosignatures in approximately 1.9 Ga gunflint microfossils

Microfossils preserved in chert from the;1.9 Ga Gunflint Formation (Schreiber Beach, Ontario, Canada) were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical TEM (ATEM). Our goals were to uncover the style of silicification relative to the distribution of organic matter, and to evaluate the distribution and evolution of organic matter, at submicroscopic spatial scales. Petrographically the microfossils typically display filamentous or coccoidal morphologies, and consist of quartz crystals surrounded by kerogen along grain boundaries. ATEM analysis revealed that quartz associated with kerogen consists of 200-500nm-sized, round crystallites, whereas the chert matrix is comprised of randomly oriented, polygonal microquartz (5-10 microm). Silica spheroids found within some fossils consist of quartz subgrains in an amorphous to poorly crystalline matrix, suggesting that precipitation of opaline silica on organic matter occurred with subsequent but incomplete transformation to quartz. Some coccoidal microfossils surround large euhedral quartz crystals (up to 5 microm in diameter) that appeared to have influenced the distribution of kerogen during crystal growth. These euhedral quartz crystals commonly contain elongated (50-100 nm) iron-rich crystallites. Energy-loss, near-edge structure analysis of kerogen associated with a coccoidal microfossil showed that it is composed of amorphous carbon with no evidence of graphitization. TEM results revealed significant differences in the style of silicification between microbe-shaped microfossils and their surrounding chert matrix, as well as the presence of amorphous kerogen.     

Simulation of hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanotube arrays

The hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanotubes arrays was studied through molecular dynamics simulation. The interactions are described by the Lennard–Jones potential. The relative mass content and density of hydrogen are obtained as functions of the pressure, temperature and the distance between the tubes in the array. The formation of a second adsorption layer at low temperatures is detected. The cluster geometry optimal for adsorption is found.