空间环境对光学元件分子污染的影响及减缓方法

随着航天器在轨寿命的延长，分子污染对其空间光学系统在轨安全和可靠性的影响越来越突出。文章首先阐明空间分子污染的来源及其对空间光学元件的效应；之后分析温度、紫外辐射、激光照射等空间自然环境和人工环境对光学元件分子污染的影响，揭示空间环境影响光学元件分子污染的演变过程和形态；进而给出地面预处理、表面改性、优化系统设计和在轨主动清除等方面的空间光学元件分子污染减缓与清除技术；最后提出分子污染的高灵敏监测、热控及分子污染吸附复合涂层、分子污染在轨高效去除技术、先进的协同模拟设备和仿真技术等研究方向。

Effects of space environments on optical component molecular contamination and their mitigation methods

With the extension of the life of spacecraft in orbit, the molecular contamination has more and more prominent effect on the safety and reliability of space optical systems. In this paper, the origin of space molecular contamination and its effect on space optical components were given firstly. And then the effects of natural and artificial environments such as temperature, ultraviolet, and laser irradiation on molecular contamination of optical components were analyzed. The evolution and morphology of molecular contamination on optical components affected by space environment were revealed. Further, the techniques to mitigate or to remove the molecular contamination from space optical components, such as ground pretreatment, surface modification, optimized system design and in-orbit active removal, were presented. The research directions, such as highly sensitive monitoring of molecular contamination, application of thermal control and molecular contamination adsorption composite coatings, efficient in-orbit removal of molecular contamination, advanced synergistic simulation equipment as well as computational simulation technology, were proposed lastly.