Optical fiber data bus modulation techniques for military avionics

In this paper, we propose several modulation techniques for use in military avionics optical fiber data buses, namely, Extended Manchester II Bi-Phase Coding with Beginning-Stopping Flags, Partial Trilevel Manchester II Bi-Phase Coding, Four-ary Pulse Width Modulation, Two-ary Pulse Width Modulation with Amplitude-Distinguished Sync Field, Two-ary Message Pulse Width Modulation and Two-ary Sync Pulse Amplitude Modulation, respectively. Compared with an existing modulation scheme of MIL-STD-1773 avionics data buses, the proposed techniques can be effectively used to overcome the difficulty in recognizing the correct operation states of an active transmitter at the output of optical receivers. The feasibility of proposed modulation schemes are discussed, and their performance is also evaluated     

Design issues for MIL-STD-1773 optical fiber avionics data buses

In this paper, several design issues on highly reliable MIL-STD-1773 (or 1553B) optical fiber avionics data buses are investigated. Two optical modulation techniques are proposed for avionics data buses, and they can be used to efficiently solve the problems associated with the fast identification of correct operation states for optical transmitters while maintaining less complexity of transceivers. The implementation of the proposed techniques is discussed. We also deal with the selection of optical devices and fibers to improve the reliability and power budget of optical fiber avionics data buses. Furthermore, some future improvements on avionics data bus systems are pointed out     

Firewire in modern integrated military avionics

High performance communications, navigation, and identification (CNI) functions on modern military aircraft are increasingly required for mission readiness. The operation of simultaneous waveforms through an integrated avionics rack of shared resources becomes a test in moving data rapidly from one signal processing stage to the next. The IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is a commercial high bandwidth bus whose 64-bit addressing and maximum 400 Mbits/second throughput satisfies this demanding military avionics interconnect need. The challenge in applying this commercial product to integrated avionics is the requirement to seamlessly add message priority encoding. By having message priorities, the slower strategic communications links will not impair the performance of higher data rate tactical communications, thereby avoiding potentially life-threatening bottlenecks. The flight environment imposes additional challenges to ruggedize the cabling between integrated avionics racks and to utilize the full capabilities of the Firewire bus. A discussion of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers, as used in avionics applications will be done. Additionally, the versatility of 1394 in military avionics with its variable channel sizes, bandwidth on demand, hierarchical addressing, and upgrade to 800 and 1600 Mbps with a 64-bit wide data path, is emphasized. Finally, system maintenance advantages of 1394's hot pluggable features are discussed, with an eye toward cost reduction on the flight line and total operational time of the aircraft avionics systems     

ROSA Rotorcraft Open Systems Avionics

Commercial standards adopted from the volume-driven electronics markets provide improved processing capacities over those widely used military standards and at reduced cost. Desired future capabilities and advanced functions, such as RPA, require the throughput, bandwidth, and memory provided by commercial processors and data buses. The primary issues needing resolution prior to implementation are related to operations in military rotorcraft environment, reliability, redundancy management, and fault and battle damage tolerance. In addition, some required network components presently do not exist in the preferred form factors. The ROSA project is providing effective laboratory demonstrations of COTS products and open systems specifications and standards to rotorcraft avionics. Preliminary cost estimates forecast large potential savings and create a compelling business case for follow-on research and transition to production systems. In addition, the project is developing a Rotorcraft Technical Architecture with the participation of many industry partners and will promote the resulting documentation as background materials for the JTA-A     

机载总线控制管理计算机系统设计与研究

以某型飞机为模型,根据航空电子系统所要完成的多种飞行任务,机载总线控制管理计算机的功能和性能,进行了机载总线控制管理计算机的系统设计,并对该系统的可行性进行实验室的综合仿真试验研究,为机载计算机软硬件的模块化和层次化设计提供了设计依据。     

Digital Electronic Flight Decks: The Outlook for Commercial Aviation

Digital avionics technology shows great promise in reducing overall airplane system cost. The new digital electronic components are very reliable and offer great flexibility in application. Development of modular control units, for the directional controls and engine throttles, will aid standardization and gradual refinement of such control devices. A network of multisystem digital data buses can be developed to handle the complex interchange of data between interrelated systems throughout the airplane.     

Military avionics optical fiber data buses with active-couplerconfigurations

Military avionics optical fiber data buses of high reliability are discussed. Because Light Emitting Diodes (LED's) have better temperature performance and require less complex driver circuits than laser diodes, the former is normally chosen as an optical source in the severe aircraft environment at present. In this case, optical power budget becomes a critical factor which can significantly limit the number of terminals in a data bus. To effectively solve this problem while maintaining a high reliability, we present several configurations of all-active couplers and hybrid passive/active couplers for avionics optical fiber data buses using PIN photodiodes and LED's. The system design is also described, which incorporates a modulation scheme called partial trilevel Manchester II bi-phase coding     

国外军用直升机航空电子的更新换代

介绍了美军军用直升机装备的发展趋势,并着重从航空电子系统结构、座舱设计、机载数据通信网络和机外通信数据链等方面探讨了国外军用直升机的最新进展,以期对未来军用直升机航电的发展方向有进一步的了解。     

40G以太网在航电系统中的应用初探

随着飞机整体性能的提升，航电系统的发展日新月异，对总线网络提出了越来越高的要求。基于远端内存直接访问技术传输机制的以太网以其高带宽、低延时以及生态开放性的特点，在航电系统总线中逐渐得到推广。本文介绍了航电总线网络的发展，对典型的航电总线进行了对比分析，开展了10G/40GE交换工程样机的研制和测试工作，为下一代航电系统总线网络的选型提供了参考。     

航空电子通信系统关键技术问题的浅析

现代航空电子综合化技术的发展大大提高了军用飞机的性能 ,信息综合化技术中最重要的技术之一就是航空电子通信技术。基于MIL -STD— 15 5 3B总线 ,本文分析了航空电子通信系统设计中若干关键性问题的解决途径。最后着重说明了某机载ACT飞控系统 15 5 3B总线通信网络的实现技术。     

机载总线网络及其发展

从当今机载电子系统对信息传递的需求出发,纵观航空电子综合化系统的发展阶段,说明为了适应新一代航空电子系统的大容量、深层次的信号与信息综合的要求,机载互连手段从较低速率的总线向宽带网络发展成为必然的趋势。介绍了光纤通道(FiberChannel,FC)、可扩展性一致性接口(ScalableCoherentInterface,SCI)以及波分复用光网络等宽带互连方案,给出它们的研究动向,说明它们作为先进综合式航空电子系统统一网络(UniversalAvionicsNetwork,UAN)的候选所具有的特点。     

航空电子系统综合显示处理技术研究

集中控制和综合显示技术在先进作战飞机航空电子系统中的应用日益广泛,综合显示处理机作为航空电子系统控制和管理的核心,其系统结构、可靠性及综合显示控制将是系统平台设计要解决的首要问题.本文介绍了一种机载综合显示处理机,根据航空电子系统功能需求及显示控制系统结构,进行了系统层次化结构设计,并对综合显示控制系统的系统显示控制、通信控制及模块化设计与实现技术进行了研究分析,最后给出合理的模块化设计与实现方案.航空电子系统综合试验、应用表明,综合显示处理机性能先进、可靠性高,并极大地改善和提高了航空电子系统的整体性能.     

PAVE PACE: system avionics for the 21st century

The PAVE PACE Initiative has been established to validate system avionics concepts for advanced military aircraft. The author presents the rationale of why the advanced architecture established by the PAVE PILLAR program should be continued under PAVE PACE to achieve: practical and affordable airborne versions of modular parallel processing network architectures for many applications currently beyond real-time implementation, readily available avionics for use in all avionics and, greatly improved techniques to reduce the cost of software development and support. An approach to the overall design structure for future avionics is also presented that entails: the use of CAD (computer-aided design) tools to assist in the development of system, hardware and software requirements, the use of replicated hardware modules (some at the wafer level), the use of reuseable software modules and the use of CAD tools to tailor hardware/software modules for specific application requirements. Continued use of the PAVE PILLAR high-speed data bus and operating system is recommended as the means to integrate and control the data input and output of physically and functionally separate parallel networks     

浅谈 CPCI 总线与 VME 总线技术及在机载计算机中的应用

机载计算机各模块之间的数据通信是通过数据背板总线互连实现的.不同的系统应用需求和计算机架构决定了如何选择数据背板总线.本文简要介绍了航空电子系统和计算机总线的发展.在介绍了目前较主流的 CPCI 总线和 VME 总线的工作原理与特点的基础上,对两种总线进行了比较,最终给出了两种总线在机载计算机领域的不同应用方向     

Avionics cost of ownership

The cost of ownership of avionics includes not only the development and acquisition cost, but also the yearly operating and support (O and S) (maintenance) cost of hardware, software, and support equipment. This paper presents an avionics cost of ownership methodology developed for USAF, its data sources, and business metrics computed for USAF decision makers as we move toward operating avionics as a business. The business model is used to determine which existing avionics are candidates for replacement with new technology and to prioritize the replacements. These avionics are often used on multiple aircraft types which necessitates analysis of the causes of the high cost of ownership on each type. Databases are used to document the processing functions, data flow, and constraints of the item being analyzed. These constraints include physical, environmental, electrical, and data interfaces. Databases containing alternatives are evaluated against standard mission scenarios for aircraft utilizing these high cost avionics to determine their impact on performance, O and S costs, and mission effectiveness. The results of the foregoing analyses steps are then used in life cycle cost analyses which consider different retrofit scenarios for each alternative for each aircraft type against the avionics being analyzed for replacement. The alternatives are prioritized and a risk analysis performed considering technical, schedule, and cost growth risks. The avionics cost of ownership methodology described in this paper processes data from USAF maintenance organizations. This has revealed the very large expenditures being made to support highly unreliable avionics. These methods can be applied to all military and commercial aircraft systems to determine not only the cost of ownership of existing systems, but also the cost of ownership of new systems when they are retrofit     

浮空器的发展及其对航空电子综合技术的挑战

本文介绍了现代军用和民用浮空器的蓬勃发展,展望了浮空器的广阔发展前景,此外还阐述了浮空器的发展对航空电子综合技术带来的机遇和挑战.对大量浮空器的航空电子系统综合问题进行了研究,包括应用综合、技术综合、地面控制站和用于通信的Ad-Hoc网络.     

军机LRM及其关键技术研究

LRM(外场可更换模块)是第四代军机航电系统的主要特征,对于提高军机战备完好性和降低其全寿命周期费用有着重要意义.分析了航电系统传统结构的不足,指出了基于LRM结构的航电系统的优点,阐述了LRM的设计要求及现有标准,并深入研究了其关键技术,以便为我军新机设计提供参考.     

国外军用飞机航空电子系统发展趋势

介绍了国外军用飞机航空电子系统结构的演变、各种航空电子系统结构的特点以及这些系统系统结构的具体应用;分析了国外军用飞机航空电子系统的发展趋势以及未来航空电子领域一些关键技术。     

Data link communication equipment approved by USAF for civil air traffic control

Operations within civil airspace will transition from traditional ground-based air traffic control (ATC) to air traffic management (ATM), a concept that requires aircrews and ground managers to share responsibility of aircraft separation assurance. Increased levels of information exchange will be necessary for this concept to work safely; therefore, air-ground communications will transition from voice to data link communications. The nature of data link communications procurement requires that avionics suppliers not only verify their products meet contractual performance requirements, but also demonstrate that their products are compatible with civil communication networks and ATC. In addition, the USAF needs to demonstrate that their crew-training program is adequate to maintain the required level of aircrew proficiency and equipment can be maintained for the required level of system performance, integrity, and interoperability with the civil environment. This paper outlines some of the certification issues facing the USAF with respect to the "Approval for Use" of data link equipment to be used for communication with ATC. It will also suggest a methodology for the avionics supplier and USAF to obtain the approvals required to ensure the installation of data link communications equipment on military aircraft will remain interoperable with civil ATC.