面向小型自主航天器的锥-杆式对接机构锥面构型设计

对接锥是对接机构的重要组成部分,在碰撞过程中首先与主动对接机构相接触.比较小的锥角会造成系统在碰撞过程中发生剧烈振动,而比较大的锥角又会使系统的接触碰撞力增大,甚至造成对接失败.本文针对面向在轨服务的小型航天器上使用的锥——杆式对接机构,提出了新的对接锥型面设计目标;利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,仿真分析了对接机构碰撞后的运动学特性;通过研究对接锥的型面设计方法,得到了新型对接锥型面.研究结果表明,新型对接机构的整体性能满足设计目标要求.      

基于激光诊断技术的汽油直喷发动机喷雾机理

汽油直喷喷雾贯穿度、锥角等宏观喷雾特性,对研究汽油直喷发动机喷雾及燃烧的发生、发展具有重要意义。在设计并建立汽油直喷（GDI）系统的基础上,搭建定容燃烧弹系统和激光测试系统,基于LSD测试技术,研究了喷油压力和背景压力对汽油直喷宏观喷雾特性的影响。通过试验发现,随喷油压力增加,相同喷油时刻下的贯穿度逐渐增加。随背景压力增加,相同喷油时刻下的贯穿度逐渐减少。在不同喷油压力和背景压力下,随着喷射时间的发展,贯穿度均逐渐增加,喷雾锥角为38°~50°。      

基于微多普勒的空间锥体目标微动分类

空间锥体目标在飞行时存在多种微动,具体可分为章动、进动及自旋,准确获取目标微动形式是弹道目标微动及结构参数估算的前提。首先分析了3种微动形式下锥体目标锥顶及锥底滑动型散射源微多普勒及其频谱分布特性,发现自旋锥体目标散射源微多普勒为0 Hz,章动锥体目标任意散射源微多普勒谱的峰值非等间距分布,进动锥体目标任意散射源微多普勒谱的峰值等间距分布。据此提出利用微多普勒阈值识别自旋、利用微多普勒谱峰值是否等间距分布识别章动和进动的分类方法。最后通过仿真说明了本文分类方法的有效性,可为空间锥体目标微动分类提供一定的参考。     

激波风洞7°尖锥边界层转捩实验研究

高超声速边界层转捩对摩阻、传热等有重要影响,飞行器的研制迫切希望能精确预测和控制边界层转捩。在JF8A激波风洞中开展了7°半锥角的高超声速尖锥边界层转捩实验研究,利用响应频率达到1 MHz量级的高频压力传感器对尖锥壁面脉动压力进行了测量,并结合热流测量结果,研究了高超声速尖锥边界层中扰动波的发展过程。实验结果表明:JF8A激波风洞在雷诺数为6.4×106/m状态下核心流的自由流噪声为2.8%;高频脉动压力测量技术能清晰地捕捉转捩过程中的第二模态波及其发展历程,试验状态下模型的第二模态波频率范围为165~206 kHz。当前研究结果能够为高超声速数值方法验证提供数据支撑。      

亚大地区F2电离层预测方法和CCIR方法的比较

本文将“国际参考电离层”所采用的CCIR频率预测方法和亚大地区F_2电离层预测方法预测的f_0F_2和M(3000)F_2,分别与第21太阳活动周的我国实测数据进行了比较。结果表明,从总体上看,在中国区域内亚大地区F_2电离层预测方法优于CCIR方法。文章建议,在没有更好方法的情况下,未来的“中国参考电离层”可以采用亚大地区F_2电离层预测方法。     

一种NRLMSISE-00模型太阳辐射校正方法

根据空间天气的状态,调整大气模型的相关输入参数能够减小模型的计算误差.通过对比CHAMP卫星在轨大气密度探测数据与NRLMSISE-00模式的计算结果发现,通过调整F_10.7的输入,使轨道大气密度积分的模式计算结果与探测结果之间的误差达到最小,此时的F_10.7被称为理想F_10.7输入（F*）.进一步的分析发现,F*与太阳紫外辐射MgII指数存在很好的相关性,因此可以选择其他的太阳紫外辐射代理参数取代F_10.7,从而减小模型计算误差.本文采用神经网络技术,建立新的太阳紫外辐射代理参量F_euv与MgII,F_10.7等的对应模型,能够根据当日参数值计算F_euv.研究结果表明,新的代理参数能够有效减小NRLMSISE-00的计算误差.      

总电子含量的一个统计模式

利用北京实测的TEC及f_0F_2资料,求出太阳黑子数R,电离层临界频率f_0F_2和总电子含量的一个统计关系。     

Possible physical properties of the flow in the vicinity of the heliopause

An interface between the fully ionized hydrogen plasma of the solar wind (SW) and the partially ionized hydrogen gas flow of the local interstellar medium (LISM) is formed as a region where there is a strong interaction between these two flows. The interface is bounded by the solar wind termination shock (TS) and the LISM bow shock (BS) and is separated on two regions by the heliopause (HP) separating the solar wind and charged component of the LISM (plasma component below). The BS is formed due to the deceleration of the supersonic LISM flow relative to the solar system. Regions of the interface between the TS and HP and between the HP and BS were in literature named as the inner and outer heliosheaths, respectively. An investigation of the structure and physical properties of the heliosheath is at present especially interested due to the fact that Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 have crossed the TS in December 2004 (Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.Y., et al. Crossing the termination shock into the the heliosheath. Magnetic fields. Science 309, 2027–2029, 2005; Fisk, L.A. Journey into the unknown beyond. Science 309, 2016–2017, 2005; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Voyager 1 in the foreshock, termination shock and heliosheath. Science 309, 2020–2024, 2005; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. Voyager 1 explores the termination shock region and the heliosheath beyond. Science 309, 2017–2020, 2005) and in September 2007 (Jokipii, J.R. A shock for Voyager 2. Nature 454, 38–39, 2008; Gurnett, D.A., Kurth, W.S. Intense plasma waves at and near the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 78–80, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07023; Wang, L., Lin, R.P., Larson, D.E., Luhmann, J.G. Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions from observations of neutral atoms. Nature 454, 81–83, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07068.14; Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.H., et al. Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 75–77, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07029; Richardson, J.D., Kasper, J.C., Wang, C., et al. Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at the termination shock. Nature 454, 63–66, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07024; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. An asymmetric solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 71–74, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07022; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions. Nature 454, 67–70, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature 07030), respectively, and entered to the inner heliosheath.     

火箭整流罩锥壳夹层结构不确定性轻量化设计

为分析运载火箭整流罩锥壳夹层结构不确定性对结构热稳定性的影响并指导结构的轻量化设计,建立整流罩前锥段夹层圆锥壳模型,并建立温度场模型,据此对圆锥壳开展热稳定性分析,推导力热联合载荷作用下整流罩前锥段夹层结构失稳临界轴压。在此基础上,针对主要不确定性因素,开展灵敏度分析并建立区间不确定性优化模型,采用区间可能度方法将其转化为确定性问题,并采用遗传算法-区间分析算法（GA-CIAM）实现结构优化设计。计算结果表明:考虑气动力/热载荷及材料参数不确定性影响,对整流罩前锥段结构开展优化设计,在满足设计要求的前提下,有效实现结构轻量化。      

高速RS编码器的FPGA实现

ＲＳ码广泛应用于卫星通信,移动通信和数据存储等领域中,研究用现场可编程编辑阵列（ＦＰＧＡ）实现高速ＲＳ码编码器;对硬件实现中的主要问题做了分析和讨论,仿真和实际测试结果均表明,编码器原理样机功能正常,吞吐率可达２００Ｍｂｉｔ／ｓ。     

单框架控制力矩陀螺系统的构型分析和对比研究

根据实际情况限定了大型航天器单框架控制力矩陀螺 (SGCMG)构型分析研究的对象 ;根据构型分析的主要指标 ,对常用的双平行构型、三平行构型、金字塔构型、四棱锥构型、五面锥构型和五棱锥构型等六种构型进行了分析 ,对比了相互的优缺点 ,得出了最优构型为五棱锥构型的结论 ,为大型航天器SGCMG系统选型提供了理论基础     

星载光学敏感器受天体干扰的可能性分析

各种用途的星载光学敏感器均可能受到日、月、地等天体进入敏感区所形成的干扰.对光轴固定于星体的星敏感器,以及光轴在空间中保持方位不变的天文望远镜两类星载光学敏感器,根据敏感锥面和天体锥面之间的空间位置关系,导出了天体干扰的发生条件,给出了预测干扰发生时间的实用计算公式.      

Analysis of ionospheric TEC response to solar and geomagnetic activities at different solar activity stages

Studying the relationship of total electron content (TEC) to solar or geomagnetic activities at different solar activity stages can provide a reference for ionospheric modeling and prediction. On the basis of solar activity indices, geomagnetic activity parameters, and ionospheric TEC data at different solar activity stages, this study analyzes the overall variation relationships of solar and geomagnetic activities with ionospheric TEC, the characteristics of the quasi-27-day periodic oscillations of the three variables at different stages, and the delayed TEC response of solar activity by conducting correlation analysis, Butterworth band-pass filtering, Fourier transform, and time lag analysis. The following results are obtained. (1) TEC exhibits a significant linear relationship with solar activity at different solar activity stages. The correlation coefficients |R| are arranged as follows: |R|_EUV > |R|_F10.7 > |R|sunspot number. No significant linear relationship exists between TEC and geomagnetic activity parameters (|R| < 0.35). (2) TEC, solar activity indices, and geomagnetic activity parameters have a period of 10.5 years. The maximum amplitudes of the Fourier spectrum for TEC and solar activity indices are nearly 27 days and those of geomagnetic activity parameters are nearly 27 and 13.5 days. (3) The deviations of the quasi-27-day significant periodic oscillation of TEC and solar activity indices are consistent. (4) No evident relationship exists between the quasi-27-day periodic oscillation of TEC and geomagnetic activity parameters. (5) The delay time of TEC for the 10.7 cm solar radio flux and extreme ultraviolet is always consistent, whereas that for sunspot number varies at each stage.     

Total electron content at low latitudes and its comparison with the IRI90

We used total electron content (TEC) data measured by Faraday rotation technique over Cachoeira Paulista (22.5°S, 45°W), in Brazil, to study the TEC variations with the solar flux at 10.7 cm (F10.7) and to compare the results with the IRI90 predictions. The data were divided into summer, equinox and winter. During the analysed period F10.7 varied from 66 up to 330. Our data shows that the observed TEC at 1600 LT (around the diurnal maximum) and at 0500 LT (around the diurnal minimum) increases with F10.7 until saturation is reached which occurs at F10.7≈210 to 220 for equinox and summer, and at F10.7≈180 for winter months. Comparison with the IRI90 predictions shows that IRI overestimates the TEC at 0500 LT for all solar flux values. At 1600 LT, IRI overestimates the observed TEC for low solar flux but underestimates it for high solar flux values.     

脉宽调制器中一类振荡器的全面解析结果

用分析法全面讨论脉宽调制器（IC：1842/3/4/5,1842A/3A/4A/5A）中振荡器的振荡特征参数（占空比D和频率f）与外接电阻R和电容C的关系.我们得到以R、C为自变量表达D和f的函数,以D、f为自变量求R、C的函数.并根据这些函数的计算结果绘制描述D、f、R、C（1F）4个参数之间的关系曲线.这些结果,不仅提升了对这类振荡器的认知,而且可供设计时直接引用和参考.     

A new global version of M(3000)F2 prediction model based on artificial neural networks

A new version of global empirical model for the ionospheric propagation factor, M(3000)F2 prediction is presented. Artificial neural network (ANN) technique was employed by considering the relevant geophysical input parameters which are known to influence the M(3000)F2 parameter. This new version is an update to the previous neural network based M(3000)F2 global model developed by Oyeyemi et al. (2007), and aims to address the inadequacy of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) M(3000)F2 model (the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) M(3000)F2 model). The M(3000)F2 has been found to be relatively inaccurate in representing the diurnal structure of the low latitude region and the equatorial ionosphere. In particular, the existing hmF2 IRI model is unable to reproduce the sharp post-sunset drop in M(3000)F2 values, which correspond to a sharp post-sunset peak in the peak height of the F2 layer, hmF2. Data from 80 ionospheric stations globally, including a good number of stations in the low latitude region were considered for this work. M(3000)F2 hourly values from 1987 to 2008, spanning all periods of low and high solar activity were used for model development and verification process. The ability of the new model to predict the M(3000)F2 parameter especially in the low latitude and equatorial regions, which is known to be problematic for the existing IRI model is demonstrated.     

GRB 980425, SN1998BW and the EMBH model

The EMBH model, previously developed using GRB 991216 as a prototype, is here applied to GRB 980425. We fit the luminosity observed in the 40–700 keV, 2–26 keV and 2–10 keV bands by the BeppoSAX satellite. In addition we present a novel scenario in which the supernova SN1998bw is the outcome of an “induced gravitational collapse” triggered by GRB 980425, in agreement with the GRB-Supernova Time Sequence (GSTS) paradigm [Ruffini, R., Bianco, C.L., Chardonnet, P., Fraschetti, F., Xue, S.-S. On a possible GRB-supernova time sequence. Astrophys. J. 555, L117–L120, 2001c]. A further outcome of this astrophysically exceptional sequence of events is the formation of a young neutron star generated by the SN1998bw event. A coordinated observational activity is recommended to further enlighten the underlying scenario of this most unique astrophysical system.     

A different method to update monthly median hmF2 values

The height, h_mF2, and the electron density, N_mF2, of the F2 peak are key model parameters to characterize the actual state of the ionosphere. These parameters, or alternatively the propagation factor, M3000F2, and the critical frequency, f_oF2, of the F2 peak, which are related to h_mF2 and N_mF2, are used to anchor the electron density vertical profile computed with different models such as the International Reference Ionosphere ( Bilitza, 2002), as well as for radio propagation forecast purposes. Long time series of these parameters only exist in an inhomogeneous distribution of points over the surface of Earth, where dedicated instruments (typically ionosondes) have been working for many years. A commonly used procedure for representing median values of the aforementioned parameters all over the globe is the one recommended by the ITU-R ( ITU-R, 1997). This procedure, known as the Jones and Gallet mapping technique, was based on ionosondes measurements gathered from 1954 to 1958 by a global network of around 150 ionospheric stations (  and ). Even though several decades have passed since the development of that innovative work, only few efforts have been dedicated to establish a new mapping technique for computing h_mF2 and N_mF2 median values at global scale or to improve the old method using the increased observational database. Therefore, in this work three different procedures to describe the daily and global behavior of the height of the F2 peak are presented. All of them represent a different and simplified method to estimate h_mF2 and are based on different mathematical expressions. The advantages and disadvantages of these three techniques are analyzed, leading to the conclusion that the recommended procedure to represent h_mF2 is best characterized by a Spherical Harmonics expansion of degree and order equal to 15, since the differences between the h_mF2 values obtained with the Jones and Gallet technique and those obtained using the abovementioned procedure are of only 1%.     

微波波段黑体定标源电磁特性优化设计的研究

对风云系列气象卫星微波成像仪、微波温度计热真空实验黑体定标源的电磁特性进行了仿真优化设计研究,优化目标为后向RCS最小以实现黑体法向发射率接近1。基于可跨越介质边界的亚网格时域有限差分法分别对方锥和圆锥金属基体在非涂覆和涂覆吸波材料为0.5~3.0 mm厚度,频率为10.65 GHz的情况进行了对比分析,圆锥的最佳涂覆厚度为1.5 mm,其后向RCS值明显优于方锥的最佳涂覆厚度2.5 mm达7.5 dBsm.在10.65 GHz频段内采用圆锥结构设计的黑体定标源可实现更高的发射率,同时由于最佳涂覆厚度比较薄,可以有效降低劈尖结构产生的温度梯度,实现定标源的温度均匀性。     

具有锥结构的二人半无限零和对策与DEA模型C^2WY

文中主要讨论DEA模型与对策模型之间的等价关系。提出了具有锥结构形式的二人半无限零和对策模型,并利用具有锥结构形式的半无限规划理论,证明了DEA综合模型C~2WY与相应的具有锥结构形式的二人半无限零和对策模型之间(弱)等价性。