固化土结构形成及强度增长机理试验

根据固化土实际固化过程,提出一个新的固化土结构模型,即固化土结构形成主要由固化剂胶结土颗粒和填充孔隙两部分构成.根据这一结构模型,以粉砂土作为研究对象,用水泥作为固化剂,由理论计算得出的固化土中胶结土颗粒和填充孔隙所对应的固化剂用量与由试验得出的相应固化剂掺量相当吻合,且基于该固化土结构模型,可以对固化土抗压强度增长规律与固化剂掺量相互关系等试验现象给予较好的解释.另外,通过用膨胀剂代替上述固化剂中用于填充孔隙的水泥掺量,以及减少和增加固化剂中水泥掺量,验证了土颗粒胶结和孔隙填充对固化土结构形成及强度增长的作用,并指出孔隙填充对固化土抗压强度提高起重要作用.      

液相环境对水泥固化土抗压强度增长的影响

对于同种土样形成的固化土,水泥掺量增加到一定程度后单位水泥量产生的固化土抗压强度增量会显著提高;物理性质相近的土样掺加等量的水泥后固化土抗压强度有显著的差异.为解释上述试验现象,测定了相应固化土孔隙液中主要离子的浓度,并进行热力学计算.结果表明:水泥掺量较少时,固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)₂不饱和,单位水泥量水化生成的胶凝性物质量较少,故产生的固化土抗压强度增量也较小;当土样中水泥掺量达到一定程度后,固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)₂饱和,固化土中胶凝性物质能充分生成,单位水泥量产生的固化土抗压强度增量较大.物理性质相近的土样掺加相同的水泥量,固化土孔隙液中Ca(OH)₂离子浓度不同,故而固化土抗压强度也不同.      

一种活性环氧增韧固化剂性能分析

以壬基酚和甲醛所形成的二聚体为原料,合成了一种新型结构的环氧固化剂双(2-羟基-3 -胺乙基胺甲基-5-壬基苯基)甲烷(BA),利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振谱(1HNMR)表征了产物结构.通过差 示扫描量热(DSC)研究了该固化剂的反应活性,确定固化剂最佳质量分数为43.19%.固化 树脂动态力学分析(DMA)表明,由于BA分子结构中存在正壬基,固化后会发生β- 松弛, 能够提高树脂韧性.力学性能测试发现BA固化树脂的冲击强度比普通芳香胺固化树脂提高了 36.91％,证明BA具有高活性和增韧双重效果.      

新型环氧-酚醛树脂体系的固砂原理与技术

为了在低成本下解决低温油井中的化学防砂问题,采用共混的方法制备了一种以环氧树脂和酚醛树脂为主要原料,且无需其他固化剂的新型树脂固砂剂,并在固砂剂的研究基础上初步研制了树脂涂覆砂.通过红外光谱分析,研究了树脂固化的机理.实验结果表明,固砂剂可在50?℃的水浴中将砂石固结,固结砂样具有较高的抗压强度和渗透率,而且随着树脂用量的增加,固结砂样的抗压强度可以进一步得到提高.涂覆砂可以在酚醛树脂作为外固化剂的情况下固结,其性能满足使用要求.酚醛树脂中的酚羟基和羟甲基与环氧树脂中的环氧基的反应是固化反应的主要机理.     

低黏度环氧树脂硼胺-酸酐复合固化体系研究

为探究低黏度环氧树脂复合固化反应机理,研究了低黏度环氧树脂硼胺-酸酐复合固化体系的流变性能和固化反应过程,分析了硼胺-酸酐复合比例对复合固化体系流变特性和固化反应过程的影响;利用流变学参数确定了复合固化体系的固化起始时间、凝胶时间点及基于阿伦尼乌斯方程的固化反应活化能。研究结果表明,随着硼胺-酸酐复合固化体系中酸酐复合比例的增加,体系固化反应获得促进,其固化起始时间和凝胶点均降低,同时基于阿伦尼乌斯方程的固化反应活化能降低;采用非等温差示扫描量热（DSC）对硼胺-酸酐复合固化体系过程进行分析,结果表明硼胺-酸酐复合固化体系存在相对独立的双放热峰,随着酸酐复合比例的增加,低温放热峰的峰值增大,高温放热峰的峰值减小,且双峰的峰值温度向高温方向移动。根据2种固化剂的固化反应机理分析,环氧树脂硼胺-酸酐复合固化体系中硼胺固化剂和酸酐固化剂既存在相互协同效应又存在相互竞争作用。      

试验设计在软件可靠性测试中的应用

为了有效利用资源、优化测试数据,在软件可靠性测试中引入试验设计:在操作剖面开发过程中应用正交试验设计,选择典型操作;在测试数据生成过程中使用组合设计,结合发生概率得到优化测试数据集.完整的软件可靠性测试过程包括确定系统模式剖面,然后根据正交试验设计确定操作剖面,根据组合设计确定运行分类,最后生成可靠性测试数据执行测试.在此基础上开发了测试数据自动生成工具,进行了实例应用.结果表明该方法不仅能为软件生成可靠性测试数据,还能发现更多的软件缺陷.      

基于升力线理论的机翼几何扭转设计方法

针对飞机设计对于减小诱导阻力的需求,结合升力线理论中三维机翼诱导阻力的相关研究,提出机翼的几何扭转设计方法.此设计方法以总升力、机翼平面形状、翼型气动特性为输入参数,以机翼的几何扭转为输出.在低速情况下,利用此方法得到的机翼具有椭圆形升力分布,从而具有最小的诱导阻力.采用远场法计算诱导阻力,应用参数化方法和CAT-IA实现机翼的自动生成,应用网格生成工具ICEM的脚本语言实现气动网格自动生成,应用MATLAB的符号运算功能编制程序.该设计方法适用于低速有粘流中平直翼的几何扭转设计,算例的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)计算结果表明:利用该方法设计的机翼展向升力分布为椭圆,并能有效降低机翼的诱导阻力.     

基于升力线理论的机翼几何扭转设计方法

针对飞机设计对于减小诱导阻力的需求,结合升力线理论中三维机翼诱导阻力的相关研究,提出机翼的几何扭转设计方法.此设计方法以总升力、机翼平面形状、翼型气动特性为输入参数,以机翼的几何扭转为输出.在低速情况下,利用此方法得到的机翼具有椭圆形升力分布,从而具有最小的诱导阻力.采用远场法计算诱导阻力,应用参数化方法和CATIA实现机翼的自动生成,应用网格生成工具ICEM的脚本语言实现气动网格自动生成,应用MATLAB的符号运算功能编制程序.该设计方法适用于低速有粘流中平直翼的几何扭转设计,算例的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)计算结果表明:利用该方法设计的机翼展向升力分布为椭圆,并能有效降低机翼的诱导阻力.     

基于均衡搭配性质的沃尔什函数生成方法

推导出了沃尔什函数序列的一个新性质--均衡搭配性质,并指出沃尔什函数序列的均衡搭配性质与其正交性是等价的.利用均衡搭配性质并结合有限域上的线性空间的概念,可以得到一种生成正交函数序列的方法,该方法只需计算有限域上两个矩阵的乘积.此外用该方法生成的正交函数序列均满足一个重要性质--乘法定理,并对其乘法构成Abel群.在特定的条件下,该方法可以生成不同编号的沃尔什函数序列.最后,利用提出的生成方法,设计了一种新型的沃尔什函数发生器.     

Use of planetary soils within CELSS: the plant viewpoint.

The major functions of soil relative to plant growth include retention and supply of water and minerals, provision of anchorage and support for the root, and provision of an otherwise adequate physical and chemical environment to ensure an extensive, functioning root system. The physical and chemical nature of the solid matrix constituting a soil interacts with the soil confinement configuration, the growing environment, and plant requirements to determine the soil's suitability for plant growth. A wide range of natural and manufactured terrestrial materials have proven adequate soils provided they are not chemically harmful to plants (or animals eating the plants), are suitably prepared for the specific use, and are used in a compatible confinement system. It is presumed this same rationale can be applied to planetary soils for growing plants within any controlled environment life support system (CELSS). The basic concepts of soil and soil-plant interactions are reviewed relative to using soils constituted from local planetary materials for growing plants.     

无电压取样端直流稳定电源校准专用插头设计

直流稳定电源在实际应用中，其稳压状态的输出电压在电源空载状态时和带载状态时存在一定差值，这个差值被称为稳压负载效应，直流稳定电源的稳压负载效应是体现其输出电压对输出回路中负载变化抑制能力的重要指标。直流稳定电源按其输出端可分为有、无电压取样端两种输出形式。通过分析常用直流稳定电源稳压负载效应校准的连线方法，针对无电压取样端的直流稳定电源设计了一款专用插头，在引入极小测量误差的情况下，使接线更为方便快捷，从而提高校准直流稳定电源的工作效率。     

Optimized design of high-efficiency lunar soil sampling tube structure based on stress–strain law

Understanding the influence of the sampling apparatus on in-situ lunar soil lamination information during the sampling process of the direct push-through lunar weathering layer is of great importance. This paper develops a discrete element model for direct push-through lunar weathering layer sampling using the CUG-1A simulated lunar soil developed by the China University of Geosciences as a simulation object and determines the stress–strain law of the inner wall of a sampling tube. A method for optimizing the inner wall structure of a sampling tube based on the stress–strain law is proposed. The structural disturbance of the marker layer and the lunar soil disturbance rate evaluation function are used to assess the degree of disturbance of the laminar information during the sampling process. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the structural disturbance of the lunar soil in-situ laminar information. In addition, it can also optimize the structural information disturbance of the marker layer. The proposed method can decrease the simulated lunar soil disturbance rate from 0.31 to 0.251 and effectively reduce the penetration force load by 15–20% in the direct push-through sampling process.     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.     

带飞轮的充液摆的稳定性

带飞轮的充液摆的稳定性包光伟（上海交通大学工程力学系,２０００３０）关键词充液刚体动力学,液体晃动,运动稳定性,航天器动力学一、引言研究三轴定向充液卫星的姿态稳定性,在不考虑系统质心横向运动的情况下,一个较为简单的力学模型是充液摆作定点摆动的模型．对...     

两轴稳定平台的过顶盲区问题

过顶盲区问题是目标在导弹的小离轴角附近区域运动时,由于框架角速率限制产生的稳定平台不能正常跟踪目标机动的一种现象.根据光电探测系统成像的几何关系,分别对直角坐标框架和极坐标框架稳定平台的目标成像关系进行了分析,进而给出极坐标框架稳定平台的过顶盲区的数学描述,并对这种盲区的成因进行了分析.结合三种情况的目标机动速度,在Matlab的Simulink环境下对极坐标框架稳定平台的过顶盲区现象进行了仿真.最后,基于分区域变参数的PID控制方法,给出了目标在过顶盲区内作垂直向上机动时的一种控制方案,并与普通PID控制进行了对比仿真研究.实际仿真结果表明,通过数学分析得到的极坐标框架稳定平台的过顶盲区模型与实际情况相符合,并且基于分区域变参数的PID控制方法能够改善极坐标框架稳定平台的跟踪特性.      

深空探测车单轮牵引性能的离散元仿真

利用离散元数值分析方法,对矩形、直角梯形和三角形截面轮齿车轮与土壤颗粒单元的相互作用进行仿真研究.分析细观尺度下,土壤颗粒单元受3种轮齿车轮扰动后的接触反力分布规律.采用坐标转换和代数求和的数学方法,建立细观离散元分析结果与宏观车轮牵引性能参数的对应关系,推导土壤推力、行驶阻力及其挂钩牵引力的表达式,以研究轮齿截面的几何形状对车轮牵引性能的影响.计算结果表明,在相同行驶环境下,直角梯形轮齿车轮具有最佳的牵引性能.      

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.