逆变器并联驱动永磁同步电机容错控制研究

为了提高逆变器并联驱动永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统的运行可靠性,基于对比研究方式设计了两种逆变器并联驱动PMSM的容错控制方案,分别为正常通路电流补偿方案和等效电流补偿方案。两种容错控制方案均不同于传统方案,后者将故障逆变器整体隔离,前者则充分利用了所有逆变器非故障桥臂,以降低故障条件下的铜耗,并输出平稳转矩。此外,两种新型容错控制方案均结合了比例谐振电流控制器以实现对不对称参考电流的跟踪,避免了并联逆变器之间可能出现的环流。最后,通过PMSM并联驱动系统的容错控制试验,验证了新型容错控制策略的效果。     

ACSS for paralleled multi-inverter systems with DSP-based robust controls

An averaged current-sharing strategy (ACSS) for paralleled multi-inverter systems with digital signal processor (DSP)-based robust controls is presented. With an ACSS, the inverters are in parallel operation and each inverter has a voltage robust controller to achieve system stability and robustness, and a current robust controller to track the averaged inductor current of the inverters to achieve equal current distribution. In the proposed system, the current-sharing control loop is independent of the voltage control loop. Therefore, equal current distribution among the inverters, fast response, and tight regulation can be achieved. Additionally, the ACSS in each inverter can be readily implemented with two operational amplifiers. Simulation results and hardware measurements or a single-inverter system and a two-inverter system, and simulation results of a three-inverter system with linear and nonlinear loads have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed control scheme in equal current distribution and fast regulation.     

Three-phase single-stage ac/dc boost integrated series resonant converter

A new ac/dc 3-/spl phi/ single-stage converter is proposed integrating a 3-/spl phi/ discontinuous current mode (DCM) boost with a dc/dc fixed frequency series resonant converter (SRC). This converter has the following features: natural power factor correction, soft switching, high-frequency (HF) transformer isolation with the series resonant tank operating in above resonance mode, etc. A new complementary gating control scheme is used for simultaneous control of boost converter and the SRC. Modes of operation are presented and analyzed. Based on the analysis, design curves are obtained. An optimum design is given and a design example is presented. Results obtained from SPICE simulation for the designed converter are given to verify the performance of the proposed converter for varying load as well as line voltage. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype converter are presented to verify the theory.     

Improved DC/AC interface inverter for high-frequency spaceapplications

A DC/AC interface inverter for a high-frequency space power distribution system that uses dual asymmetrical resonant bridges is examined. Compared to the conventional approach in which two symmetrical bridges are used, the asymmetrical bridges arrangement offers better use of the installed kVA rating and efficiency of the inverter system. A simplified approach for modeling the inverter system in steady-state is presented, and a criteria to select the resonant components is given. A detailed simulation is performed for the following: a symmetrical inverter system with a resistive load, an asymmetrical inverter system with a resistive load, and an asymmetrical inverter system with the type-1A AC/DC converter load     

High-frequency AC power distribution in Space Station

A utility-type, 20-kHz, AC power distribution system for the space station employing resonant power-conversion techniques is presented. The system converts raw DC voltage from photovoltaic cells or three-phase, low-frequency AC voltage from a solar dynamic generator into a regulated, 20-G kHz AC voltage for distribution among various loads. Operations of the components of the system such as driver inverter, DC receiver, bidirectional receiver, and three-phase AC receiver are discussed. EASY5 computer modeling and simulations were performed to study the local and global performance of the system. Simulation results show that the system has fast response and good transient behavior. The AC bus voltage is effectively regulated using the phase-control scheme, which is demonstrated with both line and load variations. The feasibility of paralleling the outputs of driver modules is illustrated with the driver modules synchronized and sharing a common feedback loop. A high-frequency, sinusoidal AC voltage is generated in the three-phase, AC input case, when the driver modules are phased 120° away from one another and their outputs are connected in series     

A new resonant link aircraft power generating system

A 400 Hz aircraft power generating system which has been designed to achieve significant improvements in power density and reliability is introduced. Design targets for this exploratory development program include system (generator-plus-converter) power density of 1 kVA/lb and mean-time-between-failure (MTBF) of 500 h. At the heart of the new variable-speed constant-frequency (VSCF) configuration is a high-frequency resonant link inverter designed so that all inverter switching occurs under zero-voltage conditions. Advantages include minimization of switching losses and significant reductions in power device switching stresses and electromagnetic interference (EMI) generation. Inverter losses are further reduced by using MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs) as the power switches in order to take advantage of their low forward voltage. A 60 kVA breadboard version of the system has been constructed, and test results which confirm its key performance characteristics are presented     

Implementation of nondeterministic pulsewidth modulation forinverter drives

A single-phase power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side of an ac/dc/ac converter and a random pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to reduce the emitted noise energy and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive is proposed. The hysteresis current control (HCC) technique for a voltage source switching mode rectifier (SMR) is adopted. A control scheme is presented such that the line current is driven to follow the reference current which is derived from the dc bus voltage regulator and the output power estimator. A random pulse position technique for a three-phase voltage source inverter system to reduce the noise energy and resonant vibration from ac machine drive is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous pulse position in each switching frequency, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range which results in reduction of torque pulsations in the ac motor drive systems. To investigate the proposed control scheme, experimental tests based on a laboratory prototype were implemented to show the nearly unity power factor at the SMR and reduce the noise energy concentrated at the specific tones     

Analysis of parallel resonant converter operating above resonance

A high-frequency DC-DC converter using a parallel resonant inverter operating above resonance is analyzed using a state-space approach and a constant current model. Closed-form solutions are obtained under steady-state conditions. The analysis shows that with some changes most equations are of the same form as those corresponding to operations below resonance. The analysis is also used to obtain the design curves and to provide a simple design procedure, which is illustrated by a design example. Experimental results obtained with a prototype MOSFET unit (using metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors as switches and operating above 90 kHz) are presented to support the theory     

A 20 kHz hybrid resonant power source for the space station

A hybrid resonant inverter system is presented that satisfies the steady-state operating requirements of a power source for the proposed International Space Station mobile servicing system. The steady-state behavior of the inverter was analyzed and a method is described for optimizing the design of the resonant network. The performance characteristics such as the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage, RMS output voltage, and the inverter efficiency are presented. The hybrid resonant inverter system maintains an excellent efficiency over varying output-load demand     

AC/DC converter topologies for the Space Station

A new class of AC/DC converter topologies (Type-1 converters) is described, suitable for use in an advanced single-phase sine-wave voltage, high-frequency power distribution system, of the type that was proposed for a 20 kHz Space Station primary electrical power distribution system. The converter comprises a transformer, a resonant network, a current controller, a diode rectifier, and an output filter. The input AC voltage source is converted into a sinusoidal current source using the resonant network. The output of this current source is rectified by the diode rectifier and is controlled by the current controller. The controlled rectified current is then filtered by the output filter to obtain a constant voltage across the load. Three distinct converter topologies, Type-1A, Type-1B, and Type 1-C, are described, and their performance characteristics are presented. All three types have a close-to-unity rated power factor (greater than 0.98), low total harmonic distortion in input current (less than 5%), and high conversion efficiency (greater than 96%)     

Bidirectional DC-to-AC inverter with improved performance

Switch-mode DC-to-AC inverters using DC-to-DC converter topology have many advantages over the traditional bridge-type inverter. A bidirectional power circuit combined with a nonlinear robust control is proposed to form a high performance inverter. The output voltage of the inverter can be stabilized regardless of large changes in input voltage and output current. The distortion near the zero crossing point can be minimized. The load of the inverter can be resistive, inductive, or capacitive. Simulation results and experimental verification are provided     

Half-bridge neutral point diode clamped rectifier for power factor correction

A high power factor rectifier based on neutral point clamped scheme is proposed. The voltage stress of each power semiconductor of the adopted rectifier is equal to the half dc bus voltage instead of full dc link voltage in the conventional switching mode rectifier. The control signals of the power switches are derived from the dc link voltage balance compensator, line current controller, and dc link voltage regulator. The hysteresis current control scheme is employed to draw a clean sinusoidal line current, high input power factor, regulated dc link voltage, and balance capacitor voltages. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal of the adopted rectifier. To verify the proposed operation scheme, performance characteristics are given by the experimental results.     

Single-phase power-factor-correction AC/DC converters with threePWM control schemes

Three pulse-width modulation (PWM) control schemes for a single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) AC/DC converter are presented to improve the power quality. A diode bridge with two power switches is employed as a PFC circuit to achieve a high power factor and low line current harmonic distortion. The control schemes are based on look-up tables with hysteresis current controller (HCC) to generate two-level or three-level PWM on the DC side of diode rectifier. Based on the proposed three control schemes, the line current is driven to follow the sinusoidal current command which is in phase with the supply voltage, and two capacitor voltages on the DC bus are controlled to be balanced. The simulation and experimental results of a 1 kW converter with load as well as line voltage variation and shown to verify the proposed control schemes. It is shown that unity PFC is achieved using a simple control circuit and the measured line current harmonics satisfy the IEC 1000-3-2 requirements     

Novel AC line conditioner for power factor correction

A new ac line conditioner is presented for high input power factor and clean ac output voltages for isolating the linear or nonlinear loads. A three-phase two-leg switching mode rectifier with neutral-point-clamped topology is proposed to draw the sinusoidal line currents from the ac mains. The carrier-based current controller is used in the inner control loop to track the line current commands with unity power factor. The dc bus voltage controller is adopted in the outer control loop to regulate the dc-link voltage. A voltage compensator is used to balance the neutral point voltage on the dc tank. A three-phase two-leg inverter with neutral-point-clamped topology is adopted in the system to provide the clean ac output voltages to the critical or sensitive loads. The carrier-based current control scheme is adopted to improve the instantaneous output voltages. Experimental results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

Improved Mapham's inverter for HF space power conversion

An improved Mapham's inverter for high-frequency space power conversion is presented. The proposed inverter system uses a starting commutator to facilitate the starting of the conventional inverter under full-load conditions. The load conditions which cause the starting commutation failure of a conventional Mapham inverter are established. An improved inverter system to overcome the starting failure is presented and analyzed. The behavior of the improved inverter has been simulated to verify the predicted performance at start-up. A steady-state analysis of the inverter is presented, and the performance characteristics are derived     

Steady-State Analysis of the Series Resonant Converter

The series resonant converter is analyzed in steady state, and for constant switching frequency the output current and voltage characteristics are found to be ellipses. The converter operating point can then be easily obtained by superimposing a load line on these elliptical characteristics. Peak resonant capacitor voltage and inductor current are also plotted in the output plane and are dependent to first order only on output current. When peak voltage and current are plotted in this manner, the dependence of component stresses on operating point is clearly revealed. The output characteristics are modified to include the effect of transistor and diode voltage drops, and experimental verification is presented.     

双Buck半桥逆变器输入电容电压脉动的分析

双Buck逆变器(DBI)是航空静止变流器(ASIs)的常用拓扑,从双Buck半桥逆变器(DBHBIs)两直流电感中分离出交流电感使得体积、重量进一步减小。在正常工作,尤其是负载短路情况下,双Buck半桥逆变器输入侧电容上的电压产生与输出同频的脉动。以交流电感分立的双Buck半桥逆变器为例,分析了在额定负载、短路、级联工作等情况下输入电容电压脉动的产生原因,给出了该脉动的定量计算方法,并由此得出了输入侧电容容值的选择依据。最后通过仿真和实验,验证了文中分析的正确性。该分析方法同样适用于其他半桥型逆变器拓扑。     

Novel single-phase AC/DC converter with two PWM control schemes

A novel single-phase AC/DC converter with two pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes is proposed to draw a sinusoidal line current with nearly unity power factor, achieve balanced neutral point voltage and regulate the DC bus voltage. With the aid of neutral point clamped scheme, a three-level voltage pattern is generated on the AC side of the proposed rectifier. To track the tine current command derived from a voltage controller and a phase-locked loop circuit, a hysteresis current control scheme is used in the inner loop control. A capacitor voltage compensator is employed to achieve the balanced neutral point voltage. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype circuit are performed.     

Implementation of a single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point-clamped topology

A single-phase ac/ac converter based on neutral-point-clamped scheme is proposed to perform unity input power factor and to provide a stable ac voltage to the critical loads. The ac/dc rectifier part is controlled to generate a unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveform on the ac terminal by using four power switches with voltage stress of half the dc-link voltage. The carrier-based current control scheme is employed in the inner control loop to track the line current command. To regulate the dc bus voltage, a proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop. The dc/ac inverter part of the system with four power switches is employed to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. The instantaneous current control scheme is used to track the output voltage command. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented and discussed.