High-frequency AC power distribution in Space Station

A utility-type, 20-kHz, AC power distribution system for the space station employing resonant power-conversion techniques is presented. The system converts raw DC voltage from photovoltaic cells or three-phase, low-frequency AC voltage from a solar dynamic generator into a regulated, 20-G kHz AC voltage for distribution among various loads. Operations of the components of the system such as driver inverter, DC receiver, bidirectional receiver, and three-phase AC receiver are discussed. EASY5 computer modeling and simulations were performed to study the local and global performance of the system. Simulation results show that the system has fast response and good transient behavior. The AC bus voltage is effectively regulated using the phase-control scheme, which is demonstrated with both line and load variations. The feasibility of paralleling the outputs of driver modules is illustrated with the driver modules synchronized and sharing a common feedback loop. A high-frequency, sinusoidal AC voltage is generated in the three-phase, AC input case, when the driver modules are phased 120° away from one another and their outputs are connected in series     

用Walsh函数方法的阶梯波式DC/AC变换器的设计与实现

讨论了阶梯波式 DC/AC变换器的一种新的设计与实现方法 ,即用 Walsh函数方法及矢量合成原理分析、综合和设计。试验结果表明实现了逆变器结构的简化及其输出电压频率稳定 ,幅值便于调节与自动稳定。给出了有关硬件、软件框图与说明、试验结果及进一步设想     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

基于单片机控制的航空测试用交流电源设计

介绍了一种采用单片机控制的航空测试用DC/AC逆变电源.直流降压部分采用电流控制型集成芯片UC3846控制,能够显著地抑制推挽变压器的磁偏,并提高负载的动态响应速度.逆变部分的SPWM控制脉冲波形由P87LPC768型单片机生成,精确度高.该航空测试用交流逆变电源具有结构简单、体积小、输出稳定和易于调整等特点.文章最后给出了测试波形.     

逆变电源输出交流电压分段式前馈控制方法研究

为解决水泵三相AC 660 V电机在DC 750~1 250 V下的供电及起动问题,通过开展电机驱动系统设计研究,形成了以两电平主电路结构、电压空间矢量脉冲宽度调制技术和电压/频率恒定控制策略为基础的水泵电机逆变变频控制方案。在方案中针对较宽输入直流电压范围下的输出交流电压控制技术进行了攻关并取得了突破,形成了相应关键技术解决方案。通过水泵负载试验,全面验证了该方案的有效性和可行性。     

AC/DC converter topologies for the Space Station

A new class of AC/DC converter topologies (Type-1 converters) is described, suitable for use in an advanced single-phase sine-wave voltage, high-frequency power distribution system, of the type that was proposed for a 20 kHz Space Station primary electrical power distribution system. The converter comprises a transformer, a resonant network, a current controller, a diode rectifier, and an output filter. The input AC voltage source is converted into a sinusoidal current source using the resonant network. The output of this current source is rectified by the diode rectifier and is controlled by the current controller. The controlled rectified current is then filtered by the output filter to obtain a constant voltage across the load. Three distinct converter topologies, Type-1A, Type-1B, and Type 1-C, are described, and their performance characteristics are presented. All three types have a close-to-unity rated power factor (greater than 0.98), low total harmonic distortion in input current (less than 5%), and high conversion efficiency (greater than 96%)     

基于载波调制 PWM的对称六相与三相 PMSM串联系统矢量解耦控制

针对对称六相与三相 PMSM串联系统的解耦控制问题,基于串联系统的数学模型,在二相旋转坐标系下进行了漏感压降补偿,并基于坐标变换和控制量叠加得到了逆变器期望输出。在解耦控制的工程实现方面,充分考虑了逆变器电压、电流限制,提出 1种直流母线电压分配方法,提高了系统运行的可靠性。实验证明,所提控制策略能够实现 2台电机在负载或转速突变情况下的解耦运行。     

开关点预置三相四线SPWM逆变器研究

脉宽调制型交直交变速恒频电源采用开关点预置SPWM逆变器,该逆变器由三相桥,交流滤波器,中点形成变压器及控制、驱动电路组成。绝缘栅双极性晶体管是一种新型的电力电子器件;应用该器件为功率器件,研制了一套15kVA开关点预置SPWM逆变器。由于对电路各个部分均进行了充分分析和优化设计,实际制作的逆变器具有较小的体积、重量,并具有优越的电性能。     

SPWM逆变器交流瞬时值反馈控制系统分析

针对应用于交直交VSCF飞机电源系统的SPWM逆变器,提出了包含交流电流内环和交流电压外环的双闭环控制系统方案,利用交流瞬时值反馈的波形校正作用使逆变器输出电压波形得以改善。通过对单相1 kVA SPWM逆变器双闭环控制系统的设计分析和实验研究,结果表明:采用交流瞬时值反馈控制的SPWM逆变器具有较好的输出电压波形、动态响应特性和稳态调压精度,对逆变器输入直流电压的变化影响有很好的抑制作用,适合任由永磁无刷直流发电机供电的VSCF电源系统中应用。     

270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electric power generating system technologydemonstrator

The approach, system architecture, instrumentation, and performance of a technology demonstrator system for the application of 270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electrical power generation and distribution to future military aircraft are examined. The design has focused on assembling a highly flexible test system. The loads are typical of those in a hybrid electrical system. The system consists of a single 3-phase, 115-VAC electrical generator whose output is rectified, filtered, and supplied through DC contactors to both a 270-VDC load bus and to the input of an inverter, which supplies a 400-Hz, 115-VAC load bus. A variable-frequency, 115-VAC bus is also available directly from the generator. A prototype variable-speed constant-frequency 120-kVA generator is used. The test facility is designed to provide loads to all power types capable of being produced by the system. The system has provided particularly good insight into various aspects of 270-VDC/115-VAC hybrid systems and their components     

集成低频脉冲功率解耦端口的机载电源系统

为了消除高峰均功率比低频脉冲负载对有限容量机载交流供电系统的周期性冲击等不利影响,对开关器件进行集成和复用,提出了能够同时提供功率解耦端口和直流输出端口的三端口功率解耦整流器。通过将三端口整流器与DC/DC变换器组合,构造出集成低频脉冲功率解耦端口的机载电源系统,实现了直流侧周期性脉动功率和交流源侧功率的解耦,并保证低频脉冲负载正常供电需求。详细分析了三端口整流器的工作原理,提出了与之相适应的功率控制方法和调制策略,基于开关器件分时复用原理,实现了交流端口到两个直流端口的功率传输和分配,并实现了两个直流端口功率切换过程的平滑过渡。实验结果验证了所提三端口脉冲功率解耦整流器的有效性和可行性。     

Novel single-stage half-bridge series-resonant buck-boost inverter

A novel single-stage half-bridge series-resonant buck-boost inverter (HB-SRBBI) is proposed. The main attribute of the novel inverter topology is the fact that it generates an ac output voltage larger or lower than the dc input one, depending on the instantaneous duty cycle. This property is not found in the classical voltage source inverter (VST), which produces an ac output instantaneous voltage always lower than the dc input voltage. The proposed inverter circuit topology provides the main switch for turn-on at zero-current-switching (ZCS) by an auxiliary resonant cell built before the output choke. A state-space averaging approach is employed to analyze the system. A design example of 500 W ac/dc inverter is examined to assess the inverter performance and it provides high power efficiency above 90.7% under the rated power.     

Analysis of a parallel resonant converter with secondary-sideresonance

A high-frequency (HF) link parallel resonant DC/DC converter operating in the lagging power factor mode with the resonating capacitor on the secondary side of the HF transformer is analyzed using a state-space approach. Closed-form solutions (except for the duration of diode conduction) are obtained for steady-state conditions, and design curves are obtained. A method of obtaining optimum operating point under certain constraints is developed and is used as the basis of a simple design procedure. A theoretical study comparing the performance of three MOSFET-based 1-kW converters with different transformer turn ratios under load changes from rated-load to 10% load is carried out. Experimental results obtained with these converters with different transformer turn ratios are also presented     

A 20 kHz hybrid resonant power source for the space station

A hybrid resonant inverter system is presented that satisfies the steady-state operating requirements of a power source for the proposed International Space Station mobile servicing system. The steady-state behavior of the inverter was analyzed and a method is described for optimizing the design of the resonant network. The performance characteristics such as the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage, RMS output voltage, and the inverter efficiency are presented. The hybrid resonant inverter system maintains an excellent efficiency over varying output-load demand     

Resonant inverters for photovoltaic array to utility interface

A number of high-frequency link power converter schemes suitable for interconnecting a photovoltaic (PV) array to the utility line using resonant inverters are presented. Use of high-frequency resonant inverters (HFRI) results in reduced size, weight and cost. Scheme 1 uses the HFRI-cycloconverter, scheme 2 uses the HFRI-rectifier pulsewidth-modulated voltage source inverter, scheme 3 uses the HFRI-rectifier line commutated inverter working with a fixed maximum possible inverting fringe angle, and scheme 4 uses the HFRI-rectifier line-connected inverter (with line current modulation). These schemes are compared. Based on the comparison, scheme 3 was selected for an initial study. To overcome various problems associated with scheme 3, the line current is modulated sinusoidally in scheme 4. In this scheme, the HFRI is controlled appropriately to obtain a rectified sine wave of 120 Hz in the DC link and the function of the line-connected inverter is to unfold this waveform on alternate half cycles to obtain a sinusoidal line current with the line voltage. Methods of commutation of the line connected inverter are explained. Experimental results obtained with scheme 4 are presented     

大容量直驱风电机组级联直流组网系统设计

传统交流组网风电场系统存在多次电能转换、成本高的问题。针对这个问题,设计了一种大容量直驱风电机组级联直流组网海上风电场系统,其直接将每台机组的直流输出级联形成高压直流进行传输,而无需额外的海上升压站平台。风电机组采用了永磁直驱风力发电机及其变流器,其中变流器包括了AC/DC单元和DC/DC单元,并设计了控制策略,即通过DC/DC单元的占空比调节来实现电流的持续输出和最大功率跟踪。陆基逆变电站采用晶闸管型逆变器,设计了工作模式和控制策略,其主要功能是实现高压直流链路的电压电流调节。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台,搭建了容量为150 MW的风电场系统进行了仿真计算,计算结果验证了该系统具有较高的鲁棒性和对风速变化的适应性,同时每个机组都能独立的实现最大风能捕获。     

Bidirectional DC-to-AC inverter with improved performance

Switch-mode DC-to-AC inverters using DC-to-DC converter topology have many advantages over the traditional bridge-type inverter. A bidirectional power circuit combined with a nonlinear robust control is proposed to form a high performance inverter. The output voltage of the inverter can be stabilized regardless of large changes in input voltage and output current. The distortion near the zero crossing point can be minimized. The load of the inverter can be resistive, inductive, or capacitive. Simulation results and experimental verification are provided     

基于扰动跟踪法的单相两级式光伏并网逆变器研究

两级式单相逆变并网装置拥有单独控制、效率高等特点.针对并网光伏系统中的两级单相逆变装置展开研究,此逆变装置两级由Boost直流变换装置与逆变装置组成.Boost直流升压装置实现最大功率点追踪,逆变装置实现并网逆变操作.最大功率点控制采用扰动追踪法,该控制与并网逆变控制彼此独立、互不影响.Matlab实验仿真及实物平台试验均证实了该策略的实用性.     

Determination of the Number of Cells in a Stepped Sine Wave Inverter for Equal Charge Transfer

The synthesis of an inverter sine wave output voltage by a staircase wave shape of low level voltage sources (cells) is accomplished by combining the cells in series at specific time intervals. Different cells of the inverter are then connected to the load for different time durations which results in unequal discharging of the cells. In order for the cells to transfer equal charge during the system operation, each voltage step should consist of a different number of cells in a parallel combination (module), the number of which depends on the time along the wave shape. The number of cells in each module is determined from the circuit current analysis and the appropriate switching time intervals, and is performed for a resistive and an inductive load. This number depends on the number of inverter voltage steps, the cell internal resistance, and the type of the load. The proper number of cells in the modules ensures identical state of charge of the cells, and equal cell recharging, and simplifies cell inspection, maintenance, and replacement.     

A design procedure for the phase-controlled parallel-loadedresonant inverter

High-frequency-link power conversion and distribution based on a resonant inverter has been recently proposed. The design of several topologies is reviewed and a simple approximate design procedure is developed for the phase-controlled parallel-loaded resonant inverter. This design procedure seeks to ensure the expected benefits of resonant conversion and is verified by data from a laboratory 2.5 kVA, 20-kHz converter. A simple phasor analysis is introduced as a useful approximation for design purposes. Experimental results show that under transient conditions such as load short-circuit, a reversal of the expected commutation sequence is possible. This should be accounted for in the design of the power circuit, or prevented by the design of the controller