A novel autonomous self-assembly distributed swarm flying robot

Swarm intelligence embodied by many species such as ants and bees has inspired scholars in swarm robotic researches. This paper presents a novel autonomous self-assembly distributed swarm flying robot-DSFR, which can drive on the ground, autonomously accomplish self-assembly and then fly in the air coordinately. Mechanical and electrical designs of a DSFR module, as well as the kinematics and dynamics analysis, are specifically investigated. Meanwhile, this paper brings forward a generalized adjacency matrix to describe configurations of DSFR structures. Also, the distributed flight control model is established for vertical taking-off and horizontal hovering, which can be applied to control of DSFR systems with arbitrary configurations. Finally, some experiments are carried out to testify and validate the DSFR design, the autonomous self-assembly strategy and the distributed flight control laws.     

Flight dynamics characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft in helicopter flight mode

The aerodynamic layout of the Canard Rotor/Wing(CRW) aircraft in helicopter flight mode differs significantly from that of conventional helicopters. In order to study the flight dynamics characteristics of CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, first, the aerodynamic model of the main rotor system is established based on the blade element theory and wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard wing, horizontal tail, vertical tail and fuselage are obtained via theoretical analysis and empirical formula. The flight dynamics model of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode is developed and validated by flight test data. Next, a method of model trimming using an optimization algorithm is proposed. The flight dynamics characteristics of the CRW are investigated by the method of linearized small perturbations via Simulink. The trim results are consistent with the conventional helicopter characteristics, and the results show that with increasing forward flight speed, the canard wing and horizontal tail can provide considerable lift,which reflects the unique characteristics of the CRW aircraft. Finally, mode analysis is implemented for the linearized CRW in helicopter mode. The results demonstrate that the stability of majority modes increases with increasing flight speed. However, one mode that diverges monotonously,and the reason is that the CRW helicopter mode has a large vertical tail compared to the conventional helicopter. The results of the dynamic analysis provide optimization guidance and reference for the overall design of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, and the model developed can be used for control system design.     

一种仿蜜蜂类昆虫扑翼悬停控制的仿真估算研究

基于准稳态气动力模型,推导了仿蜜蜂类昆虫扑翼气动力和力矩估算公式,建立了扑翼运动函数.将仿蜜蜂类昆虫扑翼视为空间运动刚体,在其动力学方程基础上,采用分层控制策略研究悬停控制问题.外层为位置控制,X和Y位置应用PD控制算法,Z位置应用切换控制方法;内层姿态控制采用切换控制方法,并选择了一套机翼运动参数用于切换控制.最后进行了仿蜜蜂类昆虫扑翼悬停控制仿真试验,试验结果表明所设计的控制策略是有效的,一旦昆虫扑翼受到干扰偏离平衡位置后,通过自动调节能够回到平衡位置附近.      

民用直升机电传飞控系统适航专用条件分析

先进电传飞行控制系统能够在很大程度上提升民用直升机的操纵性与稳定性,但这种新颖设计给安全性的评估带来了巨大挑战。传统的适航条款可能无法完全覆盖电传飞控直升机的设计特征,需要制定相应的专用条件来判断直升机设计是否满足适航要求。本文围绕直升机电传飞控系统结构交联、操纵权限感知、飞行机组告警、飞行包线保护、指令信号完整性五种专用条件,指出专用条件关注的技术内容;说明条款制定的背景和意义,给出现有的符合性方法及验证技术,并提出直升机电传飞控在型号论证和设计过程中的关键技术问题。本文研究可为民用直升机的适航设计与审定提供一定参考。     

用参数辨识法进行直升机悬停性能拓展

准确计算直升机在不同飞行状态的有效气动参数对于确定直升机飞行性能具有重要意义。然而,由于复杂的旋翼空气动力现象以及直升机状态和环境条件的变化,准确预估气动参数有较大难度。为此,采用无量纲分析法建立直升机悬停状态的数学模型,首先对参数重组,确定了几个悬停状态重要参数,包括气动参数和直升机状态参数;然后,以直-9×型直升机为例,结合实际试飞数据,提出了用最小二乘法对该模型进行参数辨识的方法;最后,通过相关性分析,确定了辨识方法的可行性,并将辨识结果有效地用于直升机悬停性能拓展。结果表明,这种利用参数辨识进行性能拓展的方法是可行的,由于辨识结果是利用实际试飞数据确定的,拓展结果具有较高的可信度。这种数据处理方法可有效减少试飞周期,节约试验成本。     

倾转旋翼机悬停建模与实验

以自行设计的倾转旋翼机为研究对象,建立悬停模式下纵向动力学模型。通过悬停实验,对倾转旋翼机的分系统——舵机模型、旋翼气动力模型和悬停纵向模型进行了仿真验证。结果表明,模型能反映倾转旋翼机悬停模式的基本特性,可为飞行控制系统设计提供依据。     

直升机由悬停过渡到前飞的飞行特性研究

研究了直升机由悬停转前飞的过渡飞行中高度和速度变化。首先研究了计算方法,并以 Ｓ Ａ３６５ Ｎ 型直升机为例进行了核算比较,验证了分析方法的可行性和合理性;最后对一般直升机在各种发动机故障状态及操纵输入进行了分析计算, 得出了一些有意义的结论,这些结论将为今后的实际飞行提供有益的指导。     

Load distribution strategy for multi-lift system with helicopters based on power consumption and robust adaptive game control

It is of great significance to reasonably distribute the slung load to each helicopter while considering difference in power consumption, relative position and interaction comprehensively. Therefore, the load distribution strategy based on power consumption and robust adaptive game control is proposed in this paper. The study is on a “2-lead” multi-lift system of four tandem helicopters carrying a load cooperatively. First, based on the hierarchical control, the load distribution problem is divided into two parts: the calculation of expected cable force and the calculation of the anti-disturbance cable force. Then, aimed at minimizing the maximum equivalent power of helicopter, an optimization problem is set up to calculate the expected cable force. Specially, the agent power model is trained by BP neural network, the safe distance constraint between helicopters is set to 2.5 rotor diameters to reduce aerodynamic interference, and the helicopters with different performance can be considered by introducing the equivalent power factor into the objective function. Next, considering the difference and interaction between helicopters, the robust adaptive differential game control is proposed to calculate the anti-disturbance cable force. Particularly, to solve the coupled Hamiltonian equations, an adaptive solving method for value function is proposed, and its stability is proved in the sense of Lyapunov. The simulation results indicate that the proposed load distribution method based on power consumption is applicable to the entire flight trajectory even there are differences between helicopters. The game control can consider interaction between helicopters, can deal with different objective functions, and has strong robustness and small steady-state error. Based on the entire strategy, the cable force can be reasonably allocated so as to resist disturbance and improve the flight performance of the whole system.     

侧风对舰载直升机悬停性能的影响

针对舰载直升机小速度、大侧滑的飞行状态,采用了旋翼非均匀入流模型,导出了直升机在风场中的运动方程。以某型机为例,对不同风速条件下直升机悬停时的平衡特性进行了计算分析。计算结果表明:左侧风对该机悬停性能影响最大,而尾桨操纵裕度要求左侧风速不能超过30m/s,与同类直升机的飞行数据吻合。分析模型为制订舰载直升机的风险图提供了理论依据。     

直升机重装空投状态下的动态特性

为了研究直升机在重装空投过程中货物的运动对直升机姿态角的影响,首先建立了直升机CH-53D的动力学模型,并通过模型仿真结果和直升机飞行实验数据的对比验证了的直升机动力学模型的合理性。然后在直升机动力学模型的基础上,采用分离法建立了直升机重装空投两个阶段的动力学模型,并进行了直升机在悬停和前飞两种空投状态下的配平仿真。结果表明:相较于悬停状态空投,前飞状态空投具有更好姿态保持能力,主要表现在前飞状态下空投只会对直升机的纵向姿态角产生影响,而在悬停状态下空投对直升机的纵横向姿态角都会产生较大的影响。      

悬停直升机回波信号检测和分类

 分析了直升机回波信号的特征,根据其旋翼回波信号周期平稳的特点,通过对长观察时间获得的直升机旋翼回波信号的相关处理,提高对低信噪比闪烁脉冲串信号的检测能力以增大雷达对悬停直升机的检测距离。在此过程中,根据闪烁脉冲出现的周期,提出的基于互相关系数的检测器,可同时完成对悬停直升机的分类。给出了仿真和实际直升机回波信号的分析处理结果。     

小型无人直升机建模与鲁棒飞行控制研究

以某小型无人直升机为对象,采用分体法分析了机体各部分受力情况。根据力与力矩的平衡关系,获得了无人直升机完整的非线性飞行动力学数学模型。基于所建模型,进行了所有飞行状态下无人直升机的配平计算。根据配平结果,获得了悬停时的线性状态空间模型,在考虑风扰动前提下,采用H∞静态输出反馈控制方法对无人直升机内外回路控制器进行了设计。仿真结果表明,所建模型的配平结果与实际直升机特性基本相符,验证了模型的有效性;H∞综合控制方法较好地实现了对扰动下无人直升机状态的控制,表明该算法具有良好的鲁棒性、解耦性及跟踪特性。     

机翼颤振的鲁棒自适应切换控制

将机翼颤振问题对应的气动伺服弹性系统动态,看做沿飞行轨迹或特定飞行动作的若干模型的连续切换,引入切换系统描述其包线内的动态特性。进而,基于多Lyapunov函数方法和模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)理论,提出一种机翼颤振鲁棒自适应切换控制方案。该方案允许不同速度设计点的模型及对应控制器进行快速切换,以全面覆盖飞行包线内的系统动态,获得良好的机翼颤振主动抑制效果,有效规避自适应控制需要参数缓慢变化的缺陷。同时,构建Lure-Postnikov形式的Lyapunov函数,采用多Lyapunov函数方法,以线性矩阵不等式的形式,推导闭环切换系统为有界MRAC系统的充分条件,确保飞行包线内颤振抑制的全局稳定性。     

前飞状态直升机旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性分析模型

建立了前飞状态的旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性分析模型。采用扩展的Pitt/Peters动力入流模型将悬停与前飞状态统一起来;提出了一种适用性很强的隐式多桨叶坐标转换方法,进而取消了量纲分析及桨叶定常挥舞、摆振的小角度假设,结合Floquet传递矩阵法对系统进行了动稳定性分析。应用此分析模型对无铰旋翼直升机地面共振、前飞时孤立旋翼动稳定性进行了计算验证,分析结果与试验值吻合。     

弹性飞机阵风减缓研究

阵风响应减缓可有效抑制飞机由于离散突风和紊流引起的附加过载。以某民机为研究对象,基于飞机结构动力学方程和非定常空气动力学模型,建立弹性飞机在突风作用和控制面偏转联合激励下的开环气动弹性方程。引入坐标变换,建立飞机刚体模态对应的广义坐标与飞行动力学运动变量之间的关系,从而实现气动弹性方程与飞行动力学方程的融合。并以副翼和升降舵为突风减缓控制面。采用俯仰角速率,翼尖加速度和质心加速度作为反馈信号,针对连续突风和离散突风,分别设计相应的控制律。仿真结果表明,减缓系统对翼尖过载、翼根弯矩具有较好的抑制能力。     

Design and experimental study of a new flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle

A three-wing Flapping Wing Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicle (FWR-MAV) which can perform controlled flight is introduced and an experimental study on this vehicle is presented. A mechanically driven flapping rotary mechanism is designed to drive the three flapping wings and generate lift, and control mechanisms are designed to control the pose of the FWR-MAV. A flight control board for attitude control with robust onboard attitude estimation and a control algorithm is also developed to perform stable hovering flight and forward flight. A series of flight tests was conducted, with hovering flight and forward flight tests performed to optimize the control parameters and assess the performance of the FWR-MAV. The hovering flight test shows the ability of the FWR-MAV to counteract the moment generated by rotary motion and maintain the attitude of the FWR-MAV in space; the experiment of forward flight shows that the FWR-MAV can track the desired attitude.     

基于逆控制和模糊逻辑的直升机飞控系统设计

提出了一种基于模型的逆控制技术与基于规则的模糊控制技术相结合的直升机飞控系统设计方法，以解决当直升机数学模型不确定时飞控系统的设计问题，并设计了相应的逆控制器及模糊控制器。仿真结果表明，所设计的飞控系统具有良好的动态响应、较强的鲁棒性及满意的解耦效果，在直升机飞行控制系统的设计中有一定应用价值。     

无人直升机飞行控制系统设计

基于直升机非线性动力学方程 ,在简化悬停和低速飞行模态的推力扭矩模型的基础之上 ,用多变量线性鲁棒控制、遗传模糊控制和非线性跟踪控制等 3种不同方法 ,设计了飞行控制系统 ,并通过各种飞行仿真验证了飞行控制性能 ,分析与比较了这 3种方法的特点     

复合式共轴直升机飞行动力学数学模型研究

建立了复合式共轴直升机的飞行动力学数学模型。根据复合式共轴直升机的构型特点,计入上下旋翼,旋翼与机翼之间的相互气动干扰,建立了旋翼、机翼等部件的气动计算模型。以某小型复合式共轴直升机为例,运用牛顿迭代法完成了3种飞行模式下的配平计算,得到了从悬停到高速前飞各种飞行状态下的操纵量和状态量,分析了复合式共轴直升机飞行的物理...