SCC evaluation of a 2297 Al-Li alloy rolled plate using the slow-strain rate technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 2297 Al-Li alloy in 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ solution (CP solution) and 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ + 0.6 M Na₂SO₄ solution (CPS solution) was investigated by slow-strain rate tests at various strain rates ranging from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹. The roles of H₂O₂ and SO₄²⁻ in the corrosion process were estimated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2297 Al-Li alloy does not fracture ascribed to SCC in CP solution, while it undergoes SCC in CPS solution. In CPS solution, with a decreasing strain rate from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹, the SCC susceptibility firstly rises and then declines exhibiting a peak value at a strain rate of 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. H₂O₂ promotes the active dissolution while SO₄²⁻ lowers the corrosion rate. The SCC fracture is associated with a decline in the dissolution rate of the crack tip by SO₄²⁻, which leads to stress concentration. In CPS solution, a reduction in the local dissolution rate of the crack tip leads to stress concentration, resulting in SCC fracture. As the preferred initiation site for a crack, pits also show a noteworthy effect on SCC of 2297 Al-Li alloy.     

Development and Application of Laser Peening in Japan

Recent advances in laser technology have yielded amultitude of innovative processes and applications invarious industries. Laser peening without protectivecoating (LPPC) is a typical example and blazes a trail inthe field of preventive maintenance of operating nuclearfacilities, taking full advantage of inertia-less processover mechanical treatment[1]. LPPC introduces a compres-sive residual stress on metal surface by simply irradiat-ing laser pulses under water environment[2] . A remotepro…     

用慢拉伸法研究GC-4超高强度钢的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性

 本文采用慢拉伸试验法研究了GC-4超高强度钢（40CrMnSiMoVA）的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。结果表明,三种热处理的GC-4钢在典型模拟环境3％NaCl溶液和蒸馏水中都对应力腐蚀开裂敏感。环境介质的存在使该钢的抗拉强度、总应变和断裂能大大降低,而且,阴极极化和阳极极化都使其应力腐蚀开裂敏感性显著提高。分析表明,氢脆和阳极溶解都是导致GC-4钢应力腐蚀开裂的重要原因。     

K_(Imax)<K_(Iscc)时30CrMnSiNi2A钢的腐蚀疲劳与失效机理

 应用电化学-断裂力学方法研究了30CrMnSiNi2A钢在室温模拟潮湿大气（H₂O）及海洋大气（3.5％NaCl）环境中低K范围内不同电位下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性。通过动力学及断口分析,提出在K_ImaxIscc范围内高强度钢可发生循环应力腐蚀开裂,其湿腐蚀疲劳失效机理应是裂尖局部阳极溶解与氢脆共同作用,且两者对△K_th及da/dN的意义不同,从而对以往高强度钢湿腐蚀疲劳的纯氢脆模型作出修正。     

航空高强度铝合金残余应力的抑制与消除

从残余应力的产生和释放两个方面 ,讨论了抑制与消除铝合金中残余应力的若干技术与方法。首先 ,从尽量减少残余应力的产生又兼顾获得所需机械性能的角度 ,分析了采用热水淬火、喷雾淬火及有机介质淬火等淬火工艺。其次讨论了消除铝合金中残余应力的若干技术方法的特点、效果与适用场合 ,并指出在铝合金结构件淬火后的不稳定状态进行残余应力消除处理效果最佳     

预拉伸对Al-Li合金应力腐蚀行为的影响

 在时效前对Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金进行拉伸变形,用慢应变速率拉伸试验和恒应变三点弯曲试验研究了合金的在3.5％NaCl水溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并测定了合金的拉伸性能。表明预拉伸变形提高了合金的应力腐蚀抗力和强度。预拉伸变形量4％时,合金具有最低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性和最高的断裂延伸率。预拉伸变形量从4％至8％时,对合金应力腐蚀开裂敏感性影响不大,合金的延伸率下降也不明显。用透射电镜分析了合金的显微组织与应力腐蚀性能及拉伸性能之间的关系。     

SCC investigation of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in 3.5wt%NaCl solution by slow strain rate technique

To evaluate stress corrosion cracking(SCC) mechanism of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2 A in environment containing NaCl, SCC behavior of the steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution is investigated by slow strain rate technique(SSRT) with various strain rates and applied potentials, surface analysis technique, and electrochemical measurements. SCC susceptibility of the steel increases rapidly with strain rate decreasing from 1 · 10 5s 1to 5 · 10 7s 1, and becomes stable when strain rate is lower than 5 · 10 7s 1. SCC propagation of the steel in the solution at open circuit potential(OCP) needs sufficient hydrogen which is supplied at a certain strain rate.Fracture surface at OCP has similar characteristics with that at cathodic polarization 1000 mVSCE, which presents characteristic fractography of hydrogen induced cracking(HIC).All of these indicate that SCC behavior of the steel in the solution at OCP is mainly controlled by HIC rather than anodic dissolution(AD).     

波形和频率对GC-4钢腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性的影响

对三角波、正锯齿波、负锯齿波、方波和负脉冲波5种波形及3种频率为1Hz、5Hz、20Hz对GC-4(40CrMnSiMoVA)钢在3.5％NaCl中性溶液中疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,GC-4钢腐蚀疲劳(CF)具有显著的波形和频率效应;在CF过程中可同时存在静态应力腐蚀(SSCC)和动态应力腐蚀(DSCC),DSCC可以在K_(max)相似文献   

应力腐蚀和氢致裂纹机构

 用抛光的恒位移试样对不同强度的四种低合金钢在各种致氢环境（如电解充氢,H₂和H₂S气体,水.H₂S水溶液等）下,跟踪观察了应力腐蚀裂纹和氢致滞后裂纹的产生和扩展过程。结果表明,当钢的强度和K₁大于临界值后,在任何一种致氢环境中都能产生氢致滞后塑性变形,即随着原子氢的扩散进入,原裂纹前端塑性区及其变形量逐渐增大。当这个氢致滞后塑性变形发展到临界状态时,就会导致氢致滞后裂纹的形核和扩展。 用光滑拉伸试样,弯曲试样,Ⅰ型,Ⅲ型以及Ⅰ-Ⅲ复合型预裂纹试样研究了氢对表观屈服强度的影响。结果表明,对光滑拉伸和预裂纹扭转试样,氢对屈服强度的影响是不明显的。但如试样中存在拉应力梯度（如弯曲试样,Ⅰ型或复合型预裂纹试样）,当钢的强度和进入的氢量超过临界值时,氢就能明显地降低表观屈服强度,这就是氢致滞后塑性变形的原因。根据表观屈服强度对进入的氢量和强度的依赖关系,可以解释K_lscc和da/dt对强度和环境的依赖关系。 研究了变形速度,试验温度以及预先塑性变形程度对氢致表观屈服强度下降的影响。在此基础上探讨了氢使表现屈服强度下降的原因。     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl–ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl–ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples pas-sivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those pas-sivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti:Ni=9.01:1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

Understanding stress corrosion cracking behavior of 7085-T7651 aluminum alloy in polluted atmosphere

The electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) behaviors of 7085-T7651 aluminum alloy in different environments are studied by electrochemical and mechanical testing. The research shows that the type, concentration of the corrosive medium and electrolyte state affect the electrochemical and SCC controlling processes of aluminum alloys. The Thin Electrolyte Layer (TEL) state and the addition of HSO₃^– increase the corrosion rate and SCC susceptibility. The presence of HSO₃^– in a corrosive environment can significantly accelerate the corrosion rate and mechanical property degradation, and this effect increases with the increase of HSO₃^– concentration. Compared with the solution environment, the TEL environment will further aggravate corrosion and mechanical property degradation. With the increase of HSO₃^– concentration, the pH of the corrosive environment exhibits little change, while the SCC degradation is significantly promoted. This is attributed to the HSO₃^– induced buffer effect and film-assisted stress effect, yielding the overshadowing effect against solution pH.     

新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的应力腐蚀行为研究

采用周期浸泡试验,研究了不同热处理制度下的新型A l-Zn-Mg-Cu合金应力腐蚀行为。对比了国产A l-Zn-Mg-Cu合金与进口合金的腐蚀行为差异。探讨了合金应力腐蚀开裂的宏观特征及裂纹的微观特征。采用A1热处理制度生产的国产合金对应力腐蚀具有敏感性,而采用A2和A3两种热处理制度生产的国产合金均达到了与进口合金相当的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

加外极化对40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢腐蚀断裂特性的影响

 应用微机辅助电化学测试方法、控制电位慢拉伸及断裂力学试验方法,研究了外加极化对40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢在3.5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀断裂特性的影响。在阳极极化(-635mV)和阴极极化(1 350mV)电位下,慢拉伸断裂总应变ε_f相应为空气中的54％和49％。阳极极化(偶铜)增加了裂纹扩展速率,阴极极化降低了裂纹扩展速度。根据不同条件下腐蚀断裂特性参数的变化,结合宏观及扫描电镜断口分析,该钢在3.5％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀断裂机理为裂尖阳极溶解与氢脆共同作用。     

干涉配合连接与应力腐蚀断裂

 本文研究了结构连接部位的应力分布,给出了干涉配合连接结构在外载荷作用下的应力腐蚀试验结果,分析了干涉量对应力腐蚀断裂的影响,对于干涉配合连接与应力腐蚀断裂的关系问题,在看法上与有关文献不尽相同。 由于干涉配合克服了严重的应力集中,所以干涉配合连接结构在外载荷作用下,耐应力腐蚀断裂的时间比普通连接的长,并且耐应力腐蚀断裂的时间随着相对干涉量的增加而增长。     

快速凝固Mg-5Zn-1Y-0.6Zr合金腐蚀性能的研究

研究了快速凝固Mg-5Zn-1Y-0．6Zr合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用金相显微镜、SEM观察了合金的微观组织和腐蚀形貌。结果表明,快速凝固使合金产生非晶相、晶粒细化及微观组织均匀,均对耐腐蚀性能提高起到作用。在室温下,腐蚀速率随时间先增大,随后逐渐减小。XRD分析表明腐蚀后的主要产物是Mg（OH）2。通过极化曲线测试,表明合金耐蚀性能随冷却速率的提高而改善。     

纯镁和镁锂合金在中性3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法研究了纯Mg和Mg-Li合金在中性3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,采用扫描电镜观察了腐蚀后的表面形貌,利用XRD测试了腐蚀前后纯Mg和Mg-Li合金表面的组成成分,并用失重法测试了腐蚀速率。结果表明:腐蚀初期,纯Mg的腐蚀电流小于Mg-Li合金,纯Mg的腐蚀电位高于Mg-Li合金,纯Mg的电化学反应电阻大于Mg-Li合金。经过24h腐蚀后,纯Mg的腐蚀速率大于Mg-Li合金,且两者腐蚀形貌不同,纯Mg的腐蚀坑大而深,蚀坑数量少;Mg-Li合金的腐蚀坑小而浅,蚀坑数量多并且表面变黑。纯Mg的腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2,Mg-Li合金的腐蚀产物主要为Mg(OH)2,LiOH,MgLi,Mg3Li7,Al2O3。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜耐蚀性能评价

在含有硅酸钠、氟化钠、氢氧化钾及甘油的电解液中对镁合金进行微弧氧化处理得到陶瓷膜,利用动电位极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗、循环阳极极化曲线以及腐蚀失重等实验手段对镁合金基体及经过微弧氧化处理后的试样的耐蚀性进行评价.结果一致表明经微弧氧化处理后镁合金的耐蚀性显著提高.     

腐蚀条件下LD2航空铝合金裂纹扩展规律研究

 腐蚀损伤会加速飞机结构的疲劳裂纹扩展,缩短飞机疲劳寿命。以LD2航空铝合金材料为研究对象,通过在实验室内模拟飞机服役环境进行加速腐蚀试验,得到不同腐蚀时间下的试验件,并在MTS-810疲劳机上对不同腐蚀时间下的试验件进行疲劳试验,得到不同腐蚀年限下的疲劳断口形貌。通过断口判读分析,得到不同腐蚀年限下的裂纹扩展数据(a,N)。从不同腐蚀时间下的裂纹扩展数据研究分析,得到裂纹长度与循环次数符合指数函数的形式,即裂纹扩展速率与裂纹长度成正比,其斜率依赖于腐蚀损伤与疲劳载荷两个因素,而且在同一应力水平下,其斜率与腐蚀时间呈线性关系,并且其截距与应力水平也呈线性关系。     

表面涂层破损对7 B04铝合金点蚀的影响及仿真研究

模拟7B04铝合金表面涂层破损,采用电化学试验研究7B04铝合金在不同环境条件下的自腐蚀与点蚀行为,基于电偶腐蚀数学模型,通过有限元法分析7B04铝合金与TA15钛合金接触后发生点蚀的条件。结果表明：7B04铝合金点蚀电位受Cl-浓度和pH值的影响,在NaCl质量分数>10%的中性溶液及NaCl质量分数为3.5%的酸性溶液中,自腐蚀状态下7B04铝合金即可发生点蚀;7B04铝合金与TA15钛合金接触后,电位升高,增加了发生点蚀的可能性,在NaCl质量分数为3.5%的中性溶液中,当阴阳极面积比≥40时,7B04铝合金发生点蚀的萌生并进一步扩展;7B04铝合金电位随阴阳极距离的增大而下降,但幅度有限,在10 m的距离内下降不超过2 mV。     

航空用铝合金在酸性盐雾环境中腐蚀电化学

用失重法和电化学方法研究2A12,5A06和7A04铝合金在中性和酸性(pH≈5)连续盐雾环境下的腐蚀过程。通过金相显微镜和接触角表面分析仪观察其金属相界面处的腐蚀形貌和表面状态,分析腐蚀机理。结果表明:失重法、极化曲线Tafel外推法和电化学阻抗谱法均显示3种铝合金在中性盐雾中腐蚀速率的大小关系为7A042A125A06;在酸性盐雾中腐蚀速率的大小关系为7A045A062A12;铝合金表面与中性和酸性盐溶液的接触角分别为70.9°和52.6°,酸性盐溶液的接触角小于中性盐溶液的接触角,可能是因为氢离子增多使阴极反应右移,加速阳极溶解,破坏了铝合金表面的氧化膜。