Atmospheric science on the Galileo mission

Observations from the ground and four fly-by spacecraft have provided initial reconnaissance of Jupiter's atmosphere. The Pioneer and Voyager data have raised new questions and underlined old ones about the basic state of the atmosphere and the processes determining the atmosphere's behavior. This paper discusses the main atmospheric science objectives which will be addressed by the Galileo (Orbiter and Probe) mission, organizing the discussion according to the required measurements of chemical composition, thermal structure, clouds, radiation budget, dynamics, upper atmosphere, and satellite atmospheres. Progress on the key questions will contribute not only to our knowledge of Jupiter's atmosphere but to a general understanding of atmospheric processes which will be valuable for helping us to understand the atmosphere and climate of the Earth.Realization of the atmospheric science objectives of the Galileo mission depends upon: (a) coordinated measurements from the entry probe and the orbiter; (b) global observations; and (c) observations over the range of time-scales needed to characterize the basic dynamical processes.The Atmospheres Working Group also includes: M. D. Allison, M. J. S. Belton, R. W. Boese, R. W. Carlson, C. R. Chapman, T. Encrenaz, V. R. Eshleman, P. J. Gierasch, C. W. Hord, H. T. Howard, L. J. Lanzerotti, H. B. Niemann, G. S. Orton, T. Owen, C. B. Pilcher, J. B. Pollack, B. Ragent, W. B. Rossow, A. Seiff, A. I. Stewart, P. H. Stone, F. W. Taylor, G. L. Tyler, U. von Zahn, and R. A. West.     

刘翔,卷土重来

在很多北方人看来,上海男人的个性中夹杂的是怯懦、娘、小家子气。有人说上海男人缺乏阳刚美,所以被人看不起。但他们似乎忘记了一个人——刘翔!刘翔,这个上海爷们,用自己的实力与霸气,登上了钻石联赛上海站之巅,让那些质疑上海男人的都闭了嘴。"因为我有实力,因为我是刘翔!"     

浸胶丝束拉伸强度统计分布研究

采用数理统计分析方法,定量比较浸胶丝束拉伸强度实验分布与理论正态分布和Weibull分布的偏离。结果表明,丝束强度分布受纤维种类和基体性能影响。在95％置信度下,浸胶丝束强度分布既可用正态分布描述,也可用Weibull分布描述;但随着基体韧性的提高,浸胶丝束强度分布呈现由正态分布向Weibull分布过渡的趋势。     

基于邻近点特征的地磁室内定位方法及性能分析

地磁室内定位以其成本低、适用范围广、复杂度低的特点而受到广泛关注。然而,它的定 位精度不稳定,且指纹采集工作量较大。因此,提出了一种基于磁场信息的邻近点特征,可由指纹 数据求得,特征范围是0~1。经实验证明,邻近点特征与定位精度呈正相关关系。邻近点特征越 大的测试点定位误差越小,定位准确率越高。邻近点特征均值越大的室内区域定位误差越小。结 合邻近点特征与快速构建指纹库的方法,可以实现对室内区域定位精度的预判,为室内区域定位 方法的选择提供依据。针对邻近点特征较大的室内区域,提出了使用插值算法以减少指纹库的采 集量。在实验中,仅采集原有指纹点的29.6%依然具有较好的定位表现,对定位精度的影响较小。 使用邻近点特征可以极大地提高地磁室内定位的效率。     

轴对称超音速进气道喘振及其控制

本文介绍了双锥轴对称超音速进气道在来流M_∞=1.97、0°攻角下,几何喉道、中心锥体表面上静压脉动时间历程随流量系数的变化特征。在稳定的超临界和亚临界下,静压时间历程平稳;喘振时,静压脉动值很高,其ΔPr.m.s约为稳定的超临界下的几倍,压力脉动的主特征频率为43.75Hz。 本文的重点是研究轴对称超音速进气道在较大攻角下的喘振特征及其控制效果。进气道喘振时,中心锥背风侧的头波首先产生大振幅的激烈振荡,其压力脉动的主特征频率为18.75Hz,静压脉动的ΔPr.m.s约为迎风侧的二倍;而迎风侧的头波仅作较小振幅的振荡,静压脉动的主特征频率为20Hz,同背风侧的很接近。文中对比了喘振和由于吸除附面层消喘后的头波特征、中心锥体背风侧和迎风侧各自的静压脉动时间历程、静压脉动主特征频率的变化。指出消喘后的背风侧锥面静压ΔPr.m.s仅为喘振时的1/3;迎风侧的静压ΔPr.m.s仅为喘振时的1/2;文中最后对轴对称进气道在较大攻角下的喘振特征作了分析。     

Ambiguity function of quadriphase coded radar pulse

Taylor's quadriphase coding (J.W. Taylor, Jr. and H.J. Blinchikoff, ibid., vol.23, no.2, p.156-70, Mar. 1988) is investigated for nonzero Doppler shifts. While the zero-Doppler cut of the ambiguity function (i.e. the autocorrelation) strongly resembles that of the corresponding biphase code, the remaining ambiguity function differs considerably. The ambiguity function of quadriphase code 13 is typified by a diagonal ridge as found in linear FM signals. The ambiguity function of quadriphase code 28A resembles the three parallel ridges of Frank code 16     

Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer experiment on Galileo

The Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) is a combination of imaging and spectroscopic methods. Simultaneous use of these two methods yields a powerful combination, far greater than when used individually. For geological studies of surfaces, it can be used to map morphological features, while simultaneously determining their composition and mineralogy, providing data to investigate the evolution of surface geology. For atmospheres, many of the most interesting phenomena are transitory, with unpredictable locations. With concurrent mapping and spectroscopy, such features can be found and spectroscopically analyzed. In addition, the spatial/compositional aspects of known features can be fully investigated. The NIMS experiment will investigate Jupiter and the Galilean satellites during the two year orbital operation period, commencing December 1995. Prior to that, Galileo will have flown past Venus, the Earth/Moon system (twice), and two asteroids; obtaining scientific measurements for all of these objects.The NIMS instrument covers the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 , which includes the reflected-sunlight and thermal-radiation regimes for many solar system objects. This spectral region contains diagnostic spectral signatures, arising from molecular vibrational transitions (and some electronic transitions) of both solid and gaseous species. Imaging is performed by a combination of one-dimensional instrument spatial scanning, coupled with orthogonal spacecraft scan-platform motion, yielding two-dimensional images for each of the NIMS wavelengths.The instrument consists of a telescope, with one dimension of spatial scanning, and a diffraction grating spectrometer. Both are passively cooled to low temperatures in order to reduce background photon shot noise. The detectors consist of an array of indium antimonide and silicon photovoltaic diodes, contained within a focal-plane-assembly, and cooled to cryogenic temperatures using a radiative cooler. Spectral and spatial scanning is accomplished by electro-mechanical devices, with motions executed using commandable instrument modes.Particular attention was given to the thermal and contamination aspects of the Galileo spacecraft, both of which could profoundly affect NIMS performance. Various protective measures have been implemented, including shades to protect against thruster firings as well as thermal radiation from the spacecraft.The Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) Engineering and Science Teams consist of I. Aptaker (Instrument Manager), G. Bailey (Detectors), K. Baines (Science Coordinator), R. Burns (Digital Electronics), R. Carlson (Principal Investigator), E. Carpenter (Structures), K. Curry (Radiative Cooler), G. Danielson (Co-Investigator), T. Encrenaz (Co-Investigator), H. Enmark (Instrument Engineer), F. Fanale (Co-Investigator), M. Gram (Mechanisms), M. Hernandez (NIMS Orbiter Engineering Team), R. Hickok (Support Equipment Software), G. Jenkins (Support Equipment), T. Johnson (Co-Investigator), S. Jones (Optical-Mechanical Assembly), H. Kieffer (Co-Investigator), C. LaBaw (Spacecraft Calibration Targets), R. Lockhart (Instrument Manager), S. Macenka (Optics), J. Mahoney (Instrument Engineer), J. Marino (Instrument Engineer), H. Masursky (Co-Investigator), D. Matson (Co-Investigator), T. McCord (Co-Investigator), K. Mehaffey (Analog Electronics), A. Ocampo (Science Coordinator), G. Root (Instrument System Analysis), R. Salazar (Radiative Cooler and Thermal Design), D. Sevilla (Cover Mechanisms), W. Sleigh (Instrument Engineer), W. Smythe (Co-Investigator and Science Coordinator), L. Soderblom (Co-Investigator), L. Steimle (Optics), R. Steinkraus (Digital Electronics), F. Taylor (Co-Investigator), P. Weissman (Co-Investigator and Science Coordinator), and D. Wilson (Manufacturing Engineer).     

始终把人民群众的根本利益放在首位

始终代表最广大人民的根本利益，全心全意为人民服务，是中国共产党的根本宗旨，也是党能够不断发展 大，不断取得胜利的根本原因，在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济条件下，党要保持同人民群众的血肉联系，代表人民群众的根本利益，不仅要明确认识人民群众的历史地位和作用，而且要在具体工作中切实改进领导方法和工作方法，坚决克服形式主义和官僚主义，为群众办实事、办好事。     

递阶自校正飞行控制

一、引言 飞行器控制最初只作了三个单独回路独立控制,随着飞行事业的发展,又考虑三个独立的自适应回路以适应飞行环境的变化。但飞行器三个通道六个自由度之间是互相耦合的,考虑变量之间耦合集中控制,系统过于复杂难以实时控制。     

矢通量分裂显式格式及二元喷管射流模拟

本文在较常用的显式两步格式的基础上,采用 Steger- Warming形式的矢通量分裂 (简称矢分或 FVS)的原理,提出了一种矢分二阶精度显式两步格式。在分析了格式的各种特性后,与Mac Cormack格式进行了实算对比。又给出了某二元喷管射流问题的模拟实例。计算结果表明,矢分与该显式格式的配合具有矢分法的基本优点和计算稳定、速度较快的优点。      

Comments on `Existence and uniqueness of GPS solutions' by J.S.Abel and J.W. Chaffee

The commenter points out that a direct Global Positioning System (GPS) algorithm together with discussions on the existence and uniqueness of the solution appeared in his paper (J. Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, vol.9, p.715-17, Nov./Dec. 1986). Since the GPS solution is reduced to solving a quadratic equation, the existence and uniqueness can be easily tested. J.S. Abel and J.W. Chaffee, in the above-titled paper (ibid., vol.26, no.6, p.748-53, Sept. 1990), show that the GPS solution problem is similar to the hyperbolic-fix problem. The commenter notes that it can be inferred from his later work (ibid., vol.26. no.5, p.748-53, Sept. 1990) that the two solutions exist if and only if the four GPS satellites are coplanar, in which case the two solutions are mirror-symmetric with respect to the GPS plane     

电传飞控对飞机效费影响的分析和评估

电传飞控是一门新兴技术,它对飞机性能的提高起了重要的作用,因而受到目前各种服役飞机的青睐。尤其是先进的第三代战斗机已经普遍采用了电传飞控（ F.B.W） /主动控制（ A.C.T）技术。也因为采用了这种先进的飞控技术,使飞机的效能得到提高。本文简要介绍了电传飞控系统的组成和功能;电传飞控的应用情况和优点 ;电传飞控 /主动控制对飞机性能的影响。     

空客飞机假信息的处理

技术跟踪报告（TFU）和服务信息函件（SIL）是空客公司针对某些特定信息下发的技术文件。本文介绍7TFU和SIL的定义和产生过程，并举例说明一线维护人员如何使用这些资料，以避免在短停中产生没有必要的维护而导致航班延误。     

FADEC系统TLD的维修策略

简要介绍了全权限数字电子控制(FADEC)系统限时放行(TLD)概念,分析了FAR 25部中与TLD相关的适航条款,研究了FADEC系统TLD的维修策略,重点分析了TLD维修策略中基于MEL的维修与基于PIR的维修之间的差异.     

通信辅助卫星导航接收机最优捕获灵敏度分析

通信辅助有助于降低卫星导航信号捕获的搜索模糊度,因此接收机可通过改进捕获算法 以提高捕获灵敏度。但是,目前在同等条件下捕获灵敏度提升量与通信辅助精度的量化关系尚不 明确。通过约束平均捕获时间和捕获算法计算复杂度两项指标的门限值,对接收机辅助信息精度 与捕获灵敏度提升量之间的关系进行量化分析,得出相应条件下的最优捕获算法参数。分析表 明,在频率搜索范围以1/2的幂次进行逐渐压缩的过程中,捕获灵敏度提升量最高约为4dB,且随 频率搜索范围压缩程度的提高而逐渐缩小。根据评估方法得到的最优捕获算法参数受捕获概率 指标、虚警概率指标等影响较小,可预置于接收机中,根据具体情况进行选择。     

RNP AR飞行程序设计方法及实例分析

RNP AR飞行程序因其水平保护区小、航迹设计灵活以及能提供垂直引导而备受青睐,在地形复杂或空域受限的机场使用RNP AR飞行程序能显著降低运行标准,提高运行效率~([1])。本文从RNP AR飞行程序设计规范入手,详细阐述了RNP AR飞行程序设计的主要内容,并以某机场进近程序为例,进行了RNP AR飞行程序设计的实例分析。     

旋涡发生器对射流的噪音特性及引射能力的影响

本文在亚音速喷流情况下,就旋涡发生器对其噪声特性及引射能力的影响进行了实验研究。结果发现,在收缩喷管出口处安装的旋涡发生器使出口Ma=0.5的射流噪音大大降低,而出口掺混区长度大大缩短,证明其引射能力大大增强,其中,加装四个角向对称的旋涡发生器的效果最佳。     

基于SIO00D的飞机故障隔离手册规范研究与应用

飞机故障隔离手册（FIM）是判断和排除飞机故障的重要技术文档。通过对比基于ATA2200标准的故障隔离手册．初步研究了基于S1000D故障隔离手册的编写内容、编写规范和数据模块的编写方法．提出了编制我国民航飞机故障隔离手册的具体方法。     

A method for determining the hydrogen percentage in GTE parts

A method for determining the hydrogen percentage in titanium alloys is considered. Changes of work function, density, and friction coefficient in the hydrogenated specimens make it possible to suppose that the triboelectric potential will also undergo certain variations under friction. A mathematical model of multiple triboelectric potential regression is proposed on the basis of experimental data. Also given is the block diagram of the installation developed by the specialists of Kazan Motor Production Association. Original Russian Text ? K.N. Boronin, N.A. Dunin, 2009, published in Izvestiya VUZ. Aviatsionnaya Tekhnika, 2009, No. 1, pp. 78–80.     

大型飞机航电系统总线研究

介绍了大型飞机航电系统采用的总线构型,ARINC429总线和AFDX总线的原理、特点和相关技术,并在此基础上提出了相应的实现方案,可作为航电系统及其检测设备的研制参考.