风洞虚拟飞行试验模拟方法研究

风洞虚拟飞行试验是把飞行器模型安装在风洞中具有三个转动自由度的专用支撑装置上,让三个角位移可以自由转动或者按照飞行器的飞行要求实时操纵控制舵面,来实现较为逼真的模拟飞行器真实机动运动过程,进而达到探索其气动／运动耦合机理的目的。发展风洞虚拟飞行试验,其模拟方法是必须要解决的核心理论问题。针对某典型导弹,开展了铅垂平面内三自由度俯仰运动的开环控制和闭环控制飞行仿真模拟,分析了风洞虚拟飞行试验和真实飞行之间的主要差异及其影响,研究了风洞虚拟飞行试验的模拟方法。结果表明：对铅垂平面内的三自由度俯仰运动,采用俯仰角速度反馈的经典三回路自动驾驶仪闭环控制方式,风洞虚拟飞行试验能够较为逼真地模拟真实飞行过程。     

推力协同的大柔性飞行器纵向姿态控制

为了研究大柔性飞行器飞行/结构耦合动力学特性,提出了改进的面向控制的大柔性飞行器多体模型,开展了大柔性飞行器纵向动力学耦合特性分析与推力协同下纵向姿态控制律设计。采用二面角动态近似描述大柔性飞行器结构动力学特征,并推导了纵向耦合动力学模型。根据改进模型在配平点处的线性化模型,分析了飞行/结构耦合系统的纵向稳定性与结构变形量之间的关系。针对大柔性飞行器姿态稳定与跟踪,设计了纵向姿态控制器。与常规飞行器相比,大柔性飞行器飞行过程中会发生大变形,当载荷较大时,配平构型近似“U”形,此时纵向动力学具有长周期不稳定的特征。分析结果表明:大柔性飞行器各模态之间的耦合程度随着变形的增大而增大。此外,纵向姿态控制需要升降舵与推力协同控制速度和俯仰角并且考虑结构动力学的影响,否则飞行/结构的耦合作用会导致姿态跟踪误差衰减缓慢甚至发散。      

乘波体高超声速飞行器大包线鲁棒控制技术

乘波体高超声速飞行器的机体/动力耦合及大包线飞行特点导致其控制系统设计困难.基于大量气动数据,采用拟合的方法建立数学模型,并进行小扰动线性化,将机体/动力耦合、大包线飞行等转化为模型参数的大范围摄动.基于LQR和H∞理论设计双回路控制系统,内回路用于抑制模型参数的大范围摄动,外回路用于满足系统的性能要求.仿真结果表明:...     

以冲压发动机为动力的飞行/推进综合控制

对以冲压发动机为动力的超声速飞行器进行了巡航状态下的纵向飞行/推进综合控制研究。建立了考虑系统干扰和传感器噪声的系统模型。为消除静差,使用积分型LQG方法进行了飞行/推进综合控制。仿真结果表明,所设计的飞行/推进综合控制器抑制了高度和速度通道之间的耦合,具有一定的抗噪声干扰能力。     

推力耦合的高超声速飞行器气动伺服弹性研究

对于采用吸气式超燃冲压发动机的高超声速飞行器,其发动机推力可能与机身弹性发生耦合影响,从而引起所谓的推力耦合气动伺服弹性(ASE)问题。为对其耦合原理及影响进行研究,以简化的飞行器纵向模型为对象,考虑结构弹性、非定常气动力、冲压发动机以及控制系统之间的相互耦合作用,建立了推力耦合的高超声速飞行器气动伺服弹性问题的一般建模框架和分析流程。采用牛顿冲击理论计算高超声速非定常气动力,基于准一维流动假设分析发动机性能。算例结果表明,考虑发动机推力的耦合影响后,飞行器的短周期特性和气动伺服弹性特性均有明显改变,气动伺服弹性稳定裕度下降可达16%,应当引起飞行控制系统设计部门的重视。     

弹性飞行器伺服气动弹性分析

伺服气动弹性问题是因非定常空气动力、结构弹性与飞行控制系统间的闭环耦合而引起的弹性飞行器新课题。首先,综述了飞行器伺服气动弹性相关问题;其次,考虑飞行器刚体模态与弹性模态的动态耦合,建立了弹性飞行器俯仰通道短周期运动模型;最后,通过编制软件对飞行器伺服气动弹性进行了仿真分析,并得出了相应的结论。     

弹性飞行器飞行动力学建模研究

随着飞行器结构模态频率与刚性模态频率愈加接近,弹性效应对弹性飞行器飞行动力学特性的影响变得愈加明显,特别是操稳特性将变得更加的复杂和严峻,已经不能用“刚性飞行器”的分析方法进行研究,因此迫切需要为弹性飞行器建立能够包含多学科耦合的飞行动力学模型.本文对弹性飞行器飞行动力学建模的相关研究进行了总结与发展:首先简要阐述了建立多学科耦合弹性飞行器飞行动力学模型的必要性;然后对传统的弹性飞行器飞行动力学模型进行了研究,分析总结了这些方法的优缺点;最后在此基础上提出了一种新的体轴系(瞬态坐标系),并利用拉格朗日方程和有限元思想推导了该坐标系下的动力学模型,该模型克服了传统模型的缺点,并准确自然地耦合了结构动力学、飞行动力学、空气动力学与控制等学科,较现有的模型而言,该模型能更充分更全面的描述弹性飞行器飞行过程中流场、结构、控制和飞行力学之间的交叉耦合特性.本文的研究成果可为弹性飞行器的动态特性分析提供必要的理论基础.     

可变弯尾飞行器飞行特性研究

本文研究了可变弯尾飞行器的机动飞行问题。可变弯尾飞行器具有气动控制独特、机动范围可调等特点，是高超声速飞行器实现机动飞行的有效途径。本文通过气动力工程计算与飞行器六自由度弹道的耦合计算，研究了此类飞行器在再入过程中的机动控制和飞行稳定性。     

双向飞翼空天飞行器概念外形研究

空天飞行器飞行速域宽,气动外形需同时考虑起飞高升力与超/高超声速高升阻比需求,给飞行器的气动布局设计带来很大难度。双向飞翼飞行器概念具有两个互相垂直的对称面,在亚声速时以大展弦比模态飞行,可获得足够的升力,超/高超声速时以小展弦比模态飞行,可尽量降低激波阻力,飞行模态转换的转换通过机身旋转90°实现,可能解决宽速域高升阻比设计矛盾。本文据此构建了一种双向飞行空天飞行器外形,并开展了CFD数值仿真。结果表明,与Sanger类常规布局的空天飞行器相比,双向飞翼概念外形的亚声速时最大升阻比为16,提升30%~50%;高超声速段升阻比性能基本相当,最大升阻比4,说明该外形是一种有潜力的空天往返飞行器方案。在此基础上,从飞行器技术实现角度,系统梳理了双向飞翼飞行器方案面临的三大技术难点,并提出了可行的解决途径或可能的攻关方向。针对飞行器纵向静不稳定度偏大问题,提出调整机身平面形状和剖面形状等,可使静不稳定度降低至10%以内;针对飞行模态转换控制困难问题,创新性地提出了一种基于非对称垂尾的控制方法,在飞行器两个飞行模态下各安置一片垂尾,在提供了足够的模态转换控制力矩的同时,改善了飞行器的横航向稳定性;针对发动机耦合设计问题,提出了一种新的涡轮和火箭发动机独立垂直布置的方法,降低了空天飞行器对组合动力技术的依赖性,有助于双向飞翼空天飞行器的早日实现。     

基于模型跟踪的弹性飞行器鲁棒控制律设计

针对一种大弹性效应飞行器的控制问题进行研究,该类飞行器的首阶弹性振动频率极低,接近于短周期模态。高阶弹性飞行器的动力学特性与刚性飞行器存在本质的差别,无法利用传统控制方法达到要求的飞行品质,而且抗干扰性和鲁棒稳定性更差。将模型跟踪方法与H∞混合灵敏度方法结合,设计了考虑气动弹性影响的综合飞行控制律,并针对弹性飞行器的特点设置输入、输出权函数,对飞行品质、抗干扰性和鲁棒性等多个设计目标进行折衷。计算结果表明,该方法可以满足弹性飞行器控制多方面的设计要求。     

Stable Member Equations of Motion for a Three-Axis Gyro Stabilized Platform

This paper presents a detailed development of the equations of motion for the stable member of a three-axis platform. Kinematic relations are presented for an x, z, y Euler sequence. This development includes the effects of friction, inertia, and torque motors. A set of six first-order differential equations of state are presented representing the equations of motion of the system members. These equations may be integrated and the resulting Euler angles and rates used to describe the stable member motions. When combined with the servo loops, the motion of the stable member represents the angular motion environment of the stable member mounted instruments.     

Multidimensional Algebraic Polynomial Approximation

A computational algorithm to approximate an n-dimensional function of the form F(x,y,z, ...) by an algebraic polynomial in the least square (LSQ) sense is described. The basis of this algorithm is that the n-dimensional function can be approximated by a set of polynomials in each one of the independent variables x,y,z, ... . This technique is illustrated by deriving the algebraic polynomial approximation in the LSQ sense for three-dimensional functions of the form F(x,y,z).     

非常规机动操纵要求的计算

首先推导了飞机运动的逆动力学模型，为使问题具有一般性，采用了刚体运动模型，其中力方程建立在风轴系中，力矩方程建立在体轴系中，并且已知气动力模型，其次，由于飞行轨变地标位置（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）的形式给出，因此构造了一种基于坐标位置的算法，当给定坐标值后，即可据此对逆问题进行求解并得出相应的操纵要求，最后以一种非常规机动动作为例进行了逆仿真，得出了操纵要求。     

Gust load alleviation wind tunnel tests of a large-aspect-ratio flexible wing with piezoelectric control

An active control technique utilizing piezoelectric actuators to alleviate gust-response loads of a large-aspect-ratio flexible wing is investigated. Piezoelectric materials have been exten-sively used for active vibration control of engineering structures. In this paper, piezoelectric mate-rials further attempt to suppress the vibration of the aeroelastic wing caused by gust. The motion equation of the flexible wing with piezoelectric patches is obtained by Hamilton's principle with the modal approach, and then numerical gust responses are analyzed, based on which a gust load alle-viation (GLA) control system is proposed. The gust load alleviation system employs classic propor tional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers which treat piezoelectric patches as control actuators and acceleration as the feedback signal. By a numerical method, the control mechanism that piezo-electric actuators can be used to alleviate gust-response loads is also analyzed qualitatively. Further-more, through low-speed wind tunnel tests, the effectiveness of the gust load alleviation active control technology is validated. The test results agree well with the numerical results. Test results show that at a certain frequency range, the control scheme can effectively alleviate the z and x wing-tip accelerations and the root bending moment of the wing to a certain extent. The control system gives satisfying gust load alleviation efficacy with the reduction rate being generally over 20%.     

Nonlinear adaptive and sliding mode flight path control of F/A-18 model

The question of inertial trajectory control of aircraft in the three-dimensional space is discussed. It is assumed that the nonlinear aircraft model has uncertain aerodynamic derivatives. The control system is decomposed into a variable structure outer loop and an adaptive inner loop. The outer-loop feedback control system accomplishes (x,y,z) position trajectory and sideslip angle control using the derivative of thrust and three angular velocity components (p,q,r) as virtual control inputs. Then an adaptive inner feedback loop is designed, which produces the desired angular rotations of aircraft using aileron, elevator, and rudder control surfaces to complete the maneuver. Simplification in the inner-loop design is obtained based on a two-time scale (singular perturbation) design approach by ignoring the derivative of the virtual angular velocity vector, which is a function of slow variables. These results are applied to a simplified F/A-18 model. Simulation results are presented which show that in the closed-loop system asymptotic trajectory control is accomplished in spite of uncertainties in the model at different flight conditions.     

Gyro Motion Boundedness under Uncertain Vehicle Spin and Acceleration

An analysis is presented of the motion of a single axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle, which is simultaneously accelerating and spinning about the output and spin axis, respectively, of the gyro. The time-varying acceleration and deceleration ?x(t) and the spin rate ?z(t) of the vehicle are unknown but bounded functions of time t. It is shown that the motion of the gyro remains bounded if the bound ?*2 on the uncertainty in ?z(t) does not exceed some threshold ?*2 and that this threshold depends on the various parameters of the gyro. Furthermore, by a proper selection of the gyro parameters, its motion can be forced to remain in a small neighborhood (called region of ultimate boundedness) of the origin in ?-? plane after a certain finite interval of time for any bounded uncertain ?x(t) and ?z(t). Analytical relations are derived for the selection of gyro parameters to keep the error caused in the measurement of the input rate due to ?x and ?z within any given limit.     

基于单轴光电探测系统的MUAV目标捕获与盘旋跟踪系统

研究了基于侧向单轴光电探测系统的微小型无人飞行器(MUAV)捕获、跟踪地面目标的飞行控制方法,提出一种探测器单轴消除视场y向失谐角,MUAV航向控制消除视场x向失谐角的控制方案。采用常规的飞行动力学纵向和侧向运动方程及小干扰线性化方法,并分别对MUAV定高寻航迹段、目标搜索捕获段及盘旋跟踪段进行了MATLAB仿真。分析了侧向突风以及飞机俯仰角变化对视场中x向失谐角的耦合影响,并提出了解决方案。仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性,其能够满足MUAV持续盘旋跟踪地面目标的飞行任务。     

Velocity Estimation from Position Outputs of a Three-Dimensional Radar

Kalman filtering equations to obtain estimates of velocity from radar position information are defined. In a track-while-scan operation, a three-dimensional radar sensor measures range, bearing, and elevation (r, ?, ?) of an airborne target at uniform sampling intervals of time T. The noisy position measurements are converted to x, y, z coordinates and put through a Kalman filter to obtain x, y, z velocity components. The filtering equations together with steady-state error estimates are given.     

基于Matlab的无人机全过程飞行仿真

为了对小型无人机全过程飞行仿真进行研究,根据无人机飞行控制回路和制导回路,搭建了模块化的系统仿真结构,将Matlab/Simulink和Stateflow有机结合起来,建立了易于维护和扩展的仿真环境。利用仿真环境对无人机的控制规律和制导规律进行了仿真,结果表明了控制规律和制导规律的合理性,以及全过程仿真环境的实用性。     

一种改进的基于分解控制的非线性力矩补偿策略及其在直流电机系统中的应用

 针对直流电机系统中存在的非线性摩擦力矩和波动力矩，提出一种改进的非线性力矩补偿策略，将重复控制机制引入到基于分解控制的补偿策略中。其中，鲁棒自适应补偿器用来补偿系统中存在的非线性摩擦力矩和波动力矩；而插入的重复控制器用来进一步提高系统运动曲线的跟踪性能。二者的综合构成了系统完整的控制律。Lyapunov方法证明了闭环控制系统的全局稳定性。最后，通过对高精度伺服系统的仿真研究证明了该改进补偿策略的有效性。