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吴双 《民用飞机设计与研究》2021,(4):114-117
实现航空器轻量化可有效减少资源浪费,提升经济效益和使用性能。目前,使用复合材料替代传统金属材料是减轻航空器质量最主要的手段,国际市场中一些先进机型的复合材料用量可达50%以上。高分子材料来源广泛,加工性能好、耐蚀性好,质量远低于金属材料,将其作为复合材料基体应用到航空领域可有效减轻航空器质量。石墨烯是目前已知的强度最高的材料之一,具有极好的韧性、导电性,当其作为分散相加入到高分子材料基体后,可有效提升其力学及电学性能。所以,石墨烯高分子航空复合材料被视为传统金属材料的理想替代品,在航空器功能、结构材料领域都有巨大的研究价值。介绍了石墨烯高分子复合材料的原料制备方法、成型技术及其在航空领域应用的研究。 相似文献
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金属梯度多孔材料芯层的胞孔壁厚度及半径沿芯层厚度方向逐渐变化,使得芯层的材料参数如密度和弹性模量等逐渐变化;采用金属梯度多孔材料代替传统均质多孔芯层会影响夹芯板的振动特性。基于高阶夹芯板理论且考虑梯度多孔芯层密度和弹性模量的耦合影响,建立了复合材料面层-金属梯度多孔夹芯板的振动方程。分析了3种密度的梯度芯层:单向分布、正梯度对称分布和负梯度对称分布对夹芯板固有频率的影响;最后讨论了3种梯度夹芯板在相同三角脉冲载荷作用下的振动响应。计算结果表明梯度芯层密度对称分布的夹芯板固有频率大于单向分布的夹芯板固有频率。 相似文献
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一代材料技术,一代大型飞机 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17
介绍了用于大型飞机的新材料的发展现状和趋势。当前,欧美大型飞机机体的材料结构正从以铝合金为主过渡至以复合材料为主,50%复合材料用量是未来飞机的起点。新一代大型飞机的材料技术特色首先是复合材料和钛合金用量创历史新高,以大幅度减轻飞机结构重量和降低燃油消耗;其次反映于一些具有新意的材料技术的成功推出,其中包括复合材料整体机身段、全钛发动机挂架、纤维金属层板、第3代铝锂合金、新型高强铝合金7085、新型高强高韧钛合金Ti-55531等。最后,对中国刚立项研制的大型飞机的选材原则提出了建议。 相似文献
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Hartman A. A. Smith H. E. Szollosi J. G. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1965,(2):158-167
The selection of avionic subsystems, which constitute an optimum integrated military aircraft electronic system, involves the analysis of three major factors: reliability, logistic compatibility, and performance. This is a discussion of the analysis of performance only, as an illustration of one major consideration in synthesizing a new aircraft avionic system. The quantitative result of this analysis would be combined with the results of analysis of the other two major factors for comparison with alternate systems similarly analyzed. One important type of close-support mission and its related avionic functions are described in terms of a required series of tasks, including navigation to the IP (identification point) and target, acquisition of the IP and target, and weapon delivery. The method of evaluating the avionic subsystems for their respective tasks is discussed, and the analytical method of evaluating system effectiveness is presented. 相似文献
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徐丹 《民用飞机设计与研究》2019,(1):45
民用飞机后压力框与机身连接的结构方案主要有两种,详细介绍了两种连接方案的结构构型以及各方案的优缺点,并从后压力框外形曲面的设计、结构的选材、质量、装配和维护空间以及系统在后压力框站位的通路等方面对两种连接方案进行分析和总结,为民用飞机后压力框与机身的连接设计提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(10):2770-2781
In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion. 相似文献
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浅谈民用大飞机结构技术的发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在分析了世界上先进的大型民机发展和研究计划后,分析和总结了大型民用飞机结构技术发展的总体趋势。介绍了用于先进大型飞机中选材、结构设计、先进的制造技术、机构强度分析、防雷击技术的现状和趋势。结论是复合材料将代替金属结构,而金属结构的设计、制造也将随之发展,以解决采用复合材料带来的新挑战;先进的数字化结构设计和仿真正代替传统的图纸设计。相应的分析和仿真工具如CFD等将应用到数字化设计中,在新型飞机设计中,将大大减少试验并改善质量;一些新概念的结构将广泛应用到飞机结构中,如智能材料结构在机翼上的应用,以改善空气动力、飞机的气动弹性控制和结构的健康监控。 相似文献
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《Aerospace Science and Technology》2007,11(5):396-404
This paper aims at presenting an investigation into a minimum weight optimal design and aeroelastic tailoring of an aerobatic aircraft wing structure. Firstly, analytical and FE models were created for the original metallic wing and an improved composite wing box structures. In order to validate the numerical models, predicted vibration parameters of the metallic wing box were compared with the experimental results. Comparison was also made for the predicted stress results between the metallic and the composite wing box structures of different dimensions and laminate layups. Secondly, based on a minimum weight composite wing box model of adequate strength the investigation was focused on the aeroelastic tailoring of the wing box by employing the gradient-based deterministic optimization method. The study demonstrates that in addition to a significant weight saving, up to 30% increase of flutter speed for the composite wing box can be achieved by optimizing the fibre orientations of the wing skin and spar web laminates. The optimized laminates are trimmed and reinforced to meet the manufacture and strength requirements with little compromise of flutter speed and a minor weight penalty. 相似文献
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新一代大型客机复合材料 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16
大量采用复合材料结构是新一代大型客机机体结构设计的突出特点,用量已达结构重量50%。复合材料结构不仅带来了明显的减重效益,而且带来了结构耐腐蚀、疲劳和维护等性能的改善提高。波音787飞机人性化设计的全复合材料机身使乘坐舒适性和便利性得到显著改善。民机复合材料结构技术重点研究解决了复合材料自然环境老化、大型翼面壁板整体成型、机身大开口区载荷重新分布和应力集中、地面维护装备冲击损伤、健康检测等关键技术问题,并且建立了以中模高强碳纤维/韧性环氧树脂复合材料热压罐成形工艺为主的大型客机复合材料结构材料体系。对复合材料机翼和机身结构的设计和工艺关键技术问题做了较为详尽的介绍。 相似文献
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复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构因其高比强度、比模量及可设计性而广泛应用于航空飞行器结构。文章提出了 1种轻质量、低成本舵面结构方案——通过增大蜂窝芯密度使其剪切模量提高,进而降低复合材料面板应力水平,减小面板厚度。首先,根据理论选择通过增大蜂窝密度提升蜂窝剪切模量;然后,对结构进行有限元计算与分析,发现蒙皮应力水平随蜂窝芯剪切模量增大而显著降低;最后,设计不同蜂窝芯密度的蜂窝夹芯结构进行试验。试验结果证明,蜂窝芯越致密,其典型力学性能越高,冲击后的剩余强度也越高。 相似文献
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用于飞机结构选材的系列材料性能指标及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高飞机机体结构选材的合理性,从材料性能指标的角度出发,在材料比强度、比刚度的常用基本指标之外,结合飞机结构设计思想,提出了材料比疲劳强度、比静韧度、比动韧度、疲劳强度比、静韧强比、疲劳韧强比共6个材料性能指标的概念与计算方法。建立了基于系列材料性能指标的飞机结构选材方法,考虑飞机结构的设计准则及结构在实际使用过程中的功能需求,通过条件筛选缩小备选材料范围,依据系列材料性能指标进行材料对比排序,并通过结构验证确定最终选材。以某型飞机机翼大梁的选材过程给出了应用实例。 相似文献
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随着航空公司机队规模的不断扩大,系统有规划地进行飞机性能选型和根据不同的航线市场需求进行机型匹配是相当重要的。 根据航空公司性能选型要求、民航规章和航空公司航线运营分析报告,建立了以飞机性能优劣度为顶层目标的性能选型指标体系,分为 4 个一级指标,19 个二级指标,使用层次分析法得到主观权重,利用熵权法得到客观权重,通过组合赋权法将主观权重和客观权重结合,得到组合权重,权重大小排序靠前的为推重比、直接运行成本、单发小时耗油量、座公里成本、单发推力。 然后基于灰色关联-TOPSIS 法建立飞机性能选型评估模型,选取四种典型机型进行综合评价,得到各个机型的贴近度和排名情况,从而得出了民用飞机性能选型评估方法,为航空公司选购新型飞机时提供理论依据。 相似文献
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王安国 《民用飞机设计与研究》2019,(3):64-66
针对试飞运行与民航运行的不同,就如何选择试飞备降机场进行分析与研究,并通过对某型飞机在试飞飞行组织实施保障中积累的工作经验的总结,结合民航签派放行关于备降机场的选择方法与民机试飞运行保障特点,提出了民机试飞备降机场保障条件评估方法与试飞备降机场选择方法,为提升试飞安全性及试飞运行FOC系统的建立奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(2):634-663
The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet. 相似文献
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对弹性动力学的基本理论以及SPH(光滑粒子流体动力学)鸟体模型进行了介绍,并结合相关材料性能参数,以显式动态冲击有限元软件PAM-CRASH为平台,开展某大型民用客机机头顶部板结构抗鸟撞性能验证工作。并设计两种金属玻璃纤维材料作为优化材料,在不增加结构总重量的基础上通过比较结构吸能效果对材料铺层进行优化,选取出抗鸟撞性能最佳的材料供工程设计参考。 相似文献