超声速气流中受热壁板的二次失稳型颤振

研究了超声速气流中受热壁板的非线性气动弹性响应,发现了一种新的动态失稳现象——二次失稳型颤振。基于von Karman非线性应变-位移关系、Reissner-Mindlin板理论和一阶活塞理论建立超声速气流中三维壁板的有限元模型。通过数值算例,研究了超声速气流中受热壁板发生二次失稳型颤振的条件,并运用非线性振动理论分析了二次失稳型颤振的机理。研究表明,超声速气流中受热壁板在平衡态的稳定性未发生变化时,也会因系统参数的变化引起气动弹性响应性质的突变,导致壁板的二次失稳型颤振。二次失稳型颤振能否发生不仅受到气流速压和壁板温升的影响,而且还与初始扰动有关。当扰动引起壁板的初始变形较小时,不能激发出二次失稳型颤振,壁板的气动弹性响应最终收敛到屈曲平衡态。应用二次失稳型颤振理论和分析方法,确定了前人给出的一个金属壁板模型的热颤振边界的风洞试验结果,而且计算结果与试验结果符合良好,从而对这一壁板热颤振现象的风洞试验结果作出了较合理的理论解释。     

活塞理论气动力静压修正方法及其在曲壁板颤振分析中的应用

提出了一种采用计算流体力学(CFD)计算的压力分布对活塞理论气动力进行静压修正的方法,将该方法应用到曲壁板的静气动弹性变形及颤振稳定性分析中,并与采用曲率修正活塞理论气动力的计算结果进行了对比.分析结果表明,采用本文提出的活塞理论气动力静压修正方法进行曲壁板的气动弹性分析,在圆柱曲壁板曲率较小的情况下,与采用曲率修正活塞理论气动力方法得到的静气动弹性变形、稳定性边界差别不大;而在曲率较大时,采用本文方法计算得到的曲壁板静气动弹性变形,其曲壁板靠近前缘部分被压的更低,而曲壁板的颤振稳定性边界更小,且这种差别随着圆柱曲壁板曲率的增加而不断增大.该方法突破了曲率修正活塞理论的小曲率限制,扩大了活塞理论气动力在曲壁板颤振分析中的适用范围.     

超声速流动中功能梯度曲壁板的热气动弹性颤振机理

对高超声速环境中功能梯度曲壁板的热气动弹性颤振机理及分岔特性进行了研究。分别采用活塞理论和Eckert参考焓方法模拟气动力以及气动加热效应,在求解板内二维热传导方程以及考虑温升对材料物性影响的基础上,建立了一个气动加热-气动弹性双向耦合的功能梯度曲壁板的热气动弹性颤振模型。采用有限元方法对曲壁板控制方程进行了数值模拟,着重分析了不同拱高下曲壁板的分岔行为,探讨了拱高变化对曲壁板分岔图的影响,发现了曲壁板颤振三种典型的颤振行为,即:热屈曲、混沌以及规则振动。对初始拱高板厚比为1时,曲壁板的两种规则振动行为进行对比发现,随着马赫数的增大,气动加热效应所引起的热内力会使曲壁板的规则振动更加复杂,同时振动的主振型及频率均会发生变化。     

状态空间气动弹性模型及其在颤振计算中的应用

本文评述了已有的状态空间气动弹性模型,并对它们提出了一些改进意见。本文还提出了一种新的状态空间气动弹性模型。用两种机翼为例进行了颤振计算。算例表明:这种新的状态空间气动弹性模型是一种精度较高而阶数较低的模型。本文还提出了用状态空间气动弹性模型进行颤振计算时自动识别模态及自动确定颤振点的方法。     

考虑气动不确定性的气动弹性系统模型确认

研究了机翼气动弹性系统的不确定性建模及其模型确认问题。结构的不确定性考虑为参数形式,气动力的不确定性分为未建模动力学和参数不确定性两种形式进行讨论。建立不确定气动弹性系统的线性分式变换（LFT）模型,给出了频域的模型有效性检验方法,对有效模型集进行参数化并将不确定性幅值最小的模型集求解归结为优化问题。在建模中计入了实际存在的、未知但能量有界的外扰和噪声的影响,降低了结果的保守性。最后,根据模型确认的结果,使用结构奇异值μ 分析方法进行不确定系统的鲁棒颤振分析。仿真计算结果表明了模型确认方法的有效性。     

高速飞行器壁板颤振分析的研究进展

壁板颤振是壁板结构在高速气流中发生的一种自激振动现象，特别是超音速和高超音速飞行器上特别容易发生这种现象。壁板颤振引发的非线性振动将对高速飞行器结构的疲劳强度、飞行性能和飞行安全带来不利的影响。随着高速飞行器研发工作的开展，壁板颤振问题将得到越来越多的重视。根据目前国内外高速飞行器壁板颤振的研究现状，介绍了壁板颤振的六种分析模型并从结构理论和气动力理论出发详述了这种分类的依据。阐述了温度、气流偏角、壁板几何尺寸及边界条件对壁板颤振的影响规律。并介绍了目前用于分析壁板颤振问题的频域和时域方法并总结了各种分析方法的优缺点。最后归纳了目前对高速飞行器壁板颤振研究得出的几个重要结论，提出了今后在高速飞行器壁板颤振研究中需要解决的若干问题。     

考虑随机型不确定性的浸入式颤振求解方法

气动弹性模型中的参数不确定性一般具有一定的分布规律,为了定量分析随机型参数不确定性对颤振的影响特性,考虑气动弹性系统中广义刚度的随机型不确定性,基于浸入式随机多项式展开(PCE)方法,在传统的颤振求解方法——p-k法的基础上,提出了针对不确定性气动弹性系统稳定性分析的增广p-k法——PCEPK(Polynomial Chaos Expansion with p-k)法,并将该方法应用到某机翼的颤振分析中,研究了均匀分布下的广义刚度不确定性对颤振边界的影响,并同基于结构奇异值μ理论的鲁棒颤振分析的结果和计算效率进行了对比。最后,采用标准的蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation,MCS)方法验证了结果的正确性。研究结果表明,PCEPK法计算的颤振边界范围是该分布下的"确定"结果,不因随机样本数而改变,克服了随机方法依赖样本数的缺点。同时,与基于结构奇异值理论的鲁棒颤振分析方法相比,它能够考虑不确定性参数分布对颤振特性的影响,具有更广泛的适用范围。     

复合材料大展弦比机翼动力学建模与颤振分析

新一代航空结构广泛采用复合材料，对复合材料机翼的气动弹性工程化建模和分析是飞机设计的重要任务。应用气动弹性分析理论和方法，对复合材料大展弦比机翼进行了结构有限元建模、模型修正、固有振动特性计算、部件发散与颤振工程分析。本文使用MSC／NASTRAN软件，在复合材料大展弦比机翼的初步静力分析模型基础上，依据结构图纸、相关试验结果反复修改得到合理的机翼结构动力学有限元模型，固有振动计算中采用动力减缩方法消除局部模态并提高计算精度，采用亚音速偶极子格网法求解非定常气动力，并对单独机翼进行了发散和颤振计算分析。     

变弯度机翼参数化气动弹性建模与颤振特性分析

变体飞行器在变体过程中结构质量、刚度和阻尼特性会发生显著变化，导致其气动弹性效应十分复杂。如何高效、准确预测变体过程颤振边界是变体机翼结构动力学设计的难点问题之一。现有的非参数化气动弹性建模方法仅能针对单一变体构型进行颤振分析，对变构型的颤振需重复建模，效率低下且可能存在颤振边界丢失问题。针对后缘连续变弯度的变体机翼颤振分析问题，提出了一种参数化气动弹性建模新方法，并综合非定常气动力、流-固耦合插值和气动弹性建模，对变弯度机翼的参变颤振特性进行系统性分析。为验证该参数化建模方法在预测参变颤振特性的准确性，在变弯度机翼的参变模态特征、气动力计算和颤振预测等方面，进行了数值计算与对比研究。仿真结果表明，该方法可高效准确地预测全参数空间内变体机翼的参变颤振特性。     

高超声速飞行器气动弹性力学研究综述

高超声速飞行器设计上的特点带来了一系列的气动弹性新问题。本文回顾高超声速飞行器气动弹性研究的历史与现状,着重介绍和分析了高超声速非定常气动力计算方法、热环境下的气动弹性问题、壁板颤振、推力影响下的气动弹性稳定性问题以及气动推进/气动弹性耦合的多学科交叉问题,相关的主动控制方法的研究进展亦有所介绍。在已有气动弹性问题研究发展的基础上,提出了高超声速飞行器在气动弹性领域需要解决和关注的若干问题,包括高超声速气动弹性试验、燃料消耗的质量变化对于飞行器气动弹性特性的影响以及气动弹性力学与飞行力学综合等方面。     

机翼颤振的区间有限元分析(英文)

The influences of uncertainties in structural parameters on the flutter speed of wing are studied. On the basis of the deterministic flutter analysis model of wing, the uncertainties in structural parameters are considered and described by interval numbers. By virtue of first-order Taylor series expansion, the lower and upper bound curves of the transient decay rate coefficient versus wind velocity are given. So the interval estimation of the flutter critical wind speed of wing can be obtained, which is more reasonable than the point esti- mation obtained by the deterministic flutter analysis and provides the basis for the further non-probabilistic interval reliability analysis of wing flutter. The flow chart for interval fmite element model of flutter analysis of wing is given. The proposed interval finite element model and the stochastic finite element model for wing flutter analysis are compared by the examples of a three degrees of freedom airfoil and fuselage and a 15° sweptback wing, and the results have shown the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented model. The prominent advantage of the proposed interval finite element model is that only the bounds of uncertain parameters are required, and the probabilistic distribution densities or other statistical characteristics are not needed.     

基于CFD/CSD的非线性气动弹性分析方法

提出了一种基于计算流体力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)的非线性气动弹性分析方法,并应用于切尖三角翼的非线性颤振和极限环振荡(LCO)研究。该方法将非线性有限元(FEM)和CFD计算相结合,并辅以高精度的界面插值,能够分析结构和气动非线性共存的气动弹性问题。结构部分以四边形平板壳元为基础,采用更新的拉格朗日(UL)方法分析结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题。气动部分以Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程作为控制方程,采用CFD方法计算跨声速气动力。机翼的非线性颤振计算表明了方法的有效性。最后应用该方法研究了切尖三角翼的LCO现象,其计算精度明显优于已有结果。     

考虑预应力和液体影响的圆柱壳颤振分析

 为了研究预应力和液体对圆柱壳颤振的影响,采用杂交元方法,建立了圆柱壳的气动弹性方程。由Sanders薄壳理论和经典有限元理论,从壳的精确解推导节点位移函数入手,并由一阶活塞理论得到结构的气动阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵,最终推导出考虑预应力和内部液体影响的圆柱壳的混合有限元公式和气动弹性方程。通过特征值法验证了此种有限元方法的正确性,并重点研究了预应力和内部注有液体对圆柱壳稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:预应力和液体对圆柱壳的颤振特性有显著的影响。     

Match Point Solution for Robust Flutter Analysis in Constant-Mach Prediction

This paper presents a method for robust flutter computation which uses flight altitude as the perturbation variable in order to obtain a match point solution. The air density and sound speed of standard atmosphere model are approximated as the polynomial function of altitude, such that the flight altitude becomes the single perturbation variable that describes the aeroelastic system. The uncertainties of generalized stiffness and damping are considered and the uncertain aeroelastic system can be formulated as linear fractional transformation （LFT） representation which is suitable for/.t analysis framework. Finally, the match point solutions of robust flutter margins can be computed with structured singular value （SSV） theory. The robust flutter analysis method provided in this paper is suitable for constant-Mach flight flutter test and provides valuable reference for flight envelope expansion.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

高速流场中变刚度复合材料层合板颤振分析

变刚度复合材料层合板在高速流场中的颤振行为是设计中需要考虑的问题。本文研究了高速流场中的曲线纤维变刚度层合复合材料壁板非线性颤振响应,分析了边界条件和纤维方向对颤振特性的影响。利用von-Karman大变形应变-位移关系,采用气动力活塞理论,根据虚功原理和有限元法建立变刚度复合材料壁板颤振的气动弹性力学模型,采用Newmark法对壁板的颤振方程求解。给出了不同边界条件和纤维方向条件下层合复合材料壁板的颤振特性。计算结果表明：随着纤维在板中心处或在边界±a/2处与x方向夹角（T₀或T₁）的增大,颤振临界动压减小;相同动压下,随着T₀或T₁的增大,极限环振幅增大。研究表明采用曲线纤维进一步提高了复合材料层合板的可设计性,通过调整曲线纤维路径可以改变复合材料壁板的颤振特性。     

Suppressing nonlinear aeroelastic response of laminated composite panels in supersonic airflows using a nonlinear energy sink

This paper proposes using a Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES) to suppress the nonlinear aeroelastic response of laminated composite panels in supersonic airflows. Relevant aeroelastic equations are established using Hamilton’s principle and a finite element approach, drawing upon Von Karman’s large deflection theory and first order piston theory. The idea of the NES suppression region is proposed and the effects of NES parameters on the NES suppression region are studied in detail. The results show that the nonlinear aeroelastic responses of the panel can be completely suppressed by the Transient Resonance Capture (TRC); the appropriate NES parameter values can increase the critical dynamic pressure for flutter and suppress the nonlinear aeroelastic response effectively. Increasing the mass ratio of the NES can improve the NES suppression region; the nonlinear stiffness coefficient and damping of the NES within a specific range can suppress the nonlinear aeroelastic response. The most effective installation position for a NES is in a specific region behind the center-line of the panel in the direction of the airflow.     

Transient aeroelastic responses and flutter analysis of a variable-span wing during the morphing process

To investigate the transient aeroelastic responses and flutter characteristics of a variablespan wing during the morphing process,a novel frst-order state-space aeroelastic model is proposed.The time-varying structural model of the morphing wing is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with time-dependent boundary conditions.A nondimensionalization method is used to translate the time-dependent boundary conditions to be time-independent.The time-domain aerodynamic forces are calculated by the reduced-order unsteady vortex lattice method.The morphing parameters,i.e.,wing span length and morphing speed,are of particular interest for understanding the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of variable-span wings.A test case is proposed and numerical results indicate that the flutter characteristics are sensitive to both of the two morphing parameters.It could be noticed that the aeroelastic characteristics during the wing extracting process are more serious than those during the extending process at the same morphing speed by transient aeroelastic response analysis.In addition,a faster morphing process can get better aeroelastic performance while the mechanism comlexity will arise.     

Variations of flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing involving rigid-body motions

The present paper aims to reveal the significance of rigid-body motions for the flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing model. The inclusion of rigid-body motions into aeroelastic formulation and flutter analysis is presented. A state-space aeroelastic equation combining the dynamics of stepped Euler-Bernoulli beam with unsteady strip aerodynamic theory is developed by quasi-static modeling. Using a numerical example, variations of flutter mechanism from the bending-torsional flutter to the body-freedom flutter are observed as the span increases. In addition, effects of some dimensionless parameters on the variations of flutter mechanism are investigated. The investigated parameters belonging to the fuselage have limited influences on the bending-torsional flutter but a significant impact on the body-freedom flutter.