一种W—V型宽带微带天线的设计与仿真

提出一种新型的宽带微带探针馈电贴片天线。天线采用空气介质层,在W形接地板顶端利用同轴探针馈电V形贴片电线,这种设计使探针在介质基板中长度较短,产生的电感较小,同时增加了介质基板的厚度,因此使天线得到较大的工作带宽。选择合适的天线尺寸,通过仿真软件HFSS测出的阻抗带宽（VSWR≤1．5）达到48．6％,覆盖2．12GHz-3．48GHz（S波段）频率范围。     

非紧致气动噪声半空间传播基本解的边界积分方法

为了获得低马赫数流动诱发的非紧致气动噪声在半空间内传播的基本解,结合复等效源方法和边界元方法建立了半空间精确格林函数的边界积分方程,当半空间边界为刚度型阻抗边界时可避免奇异性积分。同时基于等效源方法提出一种半空间二维非紧致圆柱声散射模型,推导了静止介质中声散射基本解的理论表达式。对静止介质中的二维圆柱声散射,数值解在研究的频率与观察点处与理论解一致。采用数值方法计算二维圆柱绕流诱发的半空间声场基本解,结果显示半空间边界强化了声源的声辐射能力,小于马赫数0.2的介质运动对声传播的影响可以忽略。     

一种新型超宽带紧耦合天线阵列设计

针对紧耦合天线阵列（Tightly Coupled Array,TCA）安装于飞机、导弹、舰船等平台时接地板严重影响其阻抗带宽的问题,将栅格形阻性频率选择表面与交指型偶极子天线单元相结合,设计了一种新型多层结构的超宽带TCA。采用CST对加载与未加载栅格形阻性频率选择表面时TCA的性能进行了比较分析。结果表明：未加载时,受接地板影响其最佳阻抗带宽（VSWR〈2）为4．5：1（2．1～9．5GHz）;加载后,TCA可克服接地板的影响,其阻抗带宽可达10．4：1（1．8～18．8GHz）。     

近地低速飞行时旋翼尾涡系的畸变及其诱导速度

本文用一简化自由涡模型模拟旋翼尾涡系,用一简单涡模拟地面涡,对近地低速飞行时旋翼尾涡系的畸变及其引起的诱导速度变化作了研究。在地面涡和地面的影响下,桨盘附近的尾涡几何位置发生很大变化,导致桨盘处的诱导速度发生很大变化。尾涡畸变在桨盘处引起的诱导速度变化远远大于地面涡和地面在桨盘处直接产生的诱导速度。考虑尾涡畸变后计算出的诱导速度在桨盘处的分布和实验符合很好。     

冲击射流的彩虹纹影实验研究

超声速冲击射流在短距、垂直起降飞行器（S/VTOL）以及火箭发射等方面应用广泛,但是伴随着流场与噪声等诸多方面的问题。要研究这一类问题,必先研究这一类超声速流动的波系结构。文章利用彩虹纹影测量系统,对不同距离不同压比的冲击射流进行实验研究,得到了清晰的彩虹纹影实验结果,细致地呈现了冲击射流的波系结构。基于实验结果,对三种不同结构的冲击射流的波系结构进行了详细分析。发现喷嘴与挡板距离较大时,形成的射流结构与自由射流相似,壁面附近的射流区域不明显。随着距离减小,冲击射流出现壁面冲击区附近射流比较剧烈的现象。距离进一步减小时,出现滞止泡等结构,滞止泡的形状与压比相关。此外,实验表明冲击射流形成的马赫盘大小、形状与来流压比相关。     

Ground maneuver for front-wheel drive aircraft via deep reinforcement learning

The maneuvering time on the ground accounts for 10%–30% of their flight time, and it always exceeds 50% for short-haul aircraft when the ground traffic is congested. Aircraft also contribute significantly to emissions, fuel burn, and noise when taxiing on the ground at airports. There is an urgent need to reduce aircraft taxiing time on the ground. However, it is too expensive for airports and aircraft carriers to build and maintain more runways, and it is space-limited to tow the aircraft fast using tractors. Autonomous drive capability is currently the best solution for aircraft, which can save the maneuver time for aircraft. An idea is proposed that the wheels are driven by APU-powered (auxiliary power unit) motors, APU is working on its efficient point; consequently, the emissions, fuel burn, and noise will be reduced significantly. For Front-wheel drive aircraft, the front wheel must provide longitudinal force to tow the plane forward and lateral force to help the aircraft make a turn. Forward traction effects the aircraft’s maximum turning ability, which is difficult to be modeled to guide the controller design. Deep reinforcement learning provides a powerful tool to help us design controllers for black-box models; however, the models of related works are always simplified, fixed, or not easily modified, but that is what we care about most. Only with complex models can the trained controller be intelligent. High-fidelity models that can easily modified are necessary for aircraft ground maneuver controller design. This paper focuses on the maneuvering problem of front-wheel drive aircraft, a high-fidelity aircraft taxiing dynamic model is established, including the 6-DOF airframe, landing gears, and nonlinear tire force model. A deep reinforcement learning based controller was designed to improve the maneuver performance of front-wheel drive aircraft. It is proved that in some conditions, the DRL based controller outperformed conventional look-ahead controllers.     

基于噪声匹配的有源接收天线设计

为了提高接收天线的增益和灵敏度,采用将天线与低噪声放大器集成到一起设计的方案,将天线的输出阻抗作为放大器的源阻抗,省略了天线与放大器之间的阻抗匹配网络。通过调节天线馈电系统的尺寸调节天线阻抗,使其等于放大器的最佳源阻抗。利用HFSS仿真软件计算天线的辐射特性及阻抗,用ADS Designer软件对低噪声放大器进行优化设计。利用2SC5507晶体管设计了一个工作于2．0GHz的与低噪声放大器集成在一起的缝隙耦合微带天线,所设计的噪声系数为1．664dB,放大器增益为16．75dB。     

基于电流驱动模式的PCB共模干扰预测分析

共模辐射干扰普遍存在于电子产品中，是造成电子产品工作失灵和辐射发射测试超标的主要原因。通过高斯定理和安培环路定理求解麦克斯韦方程组，得到PCB地平面电感的数学表达式。通过对共模辐射的模式化分析，得到电流驱动模式共模辐射的数学表达式。用近似计算简化数学推导过程得到的表达式相对简单。本结果适用于小型EMC仿真软件，也可用于计算PCB地平面电感和共模辐射的电磁兼容专家系统。     

基于响应面法的短距/垂直起降飞机近地面升力损失

建立了短距/垂直起降(S/VTOL)飞机近地面升力损失的流场计算模型.通过数值模拟得出特定升力布局的飞机近地面状态各工况的升力损失.采用响应面法获得了飞机升力损失关于喷管落压比（NPR）、来流速度及飞机高度的2阶响应曲面函数及显著影响飞机升力损失的关键因素.并分析了喷管落压比、来流速度及飞机高度对飞机升力损失的交互影响作用，优化得出给定工况范围内升力损失最小的工作点.研究表明:仅考虑单因素影响时，升力损失随高度、落压比的增大而减小，随来流速度的增大而增大；考虑两因素交互作用时，高度与落压比及来流速度与落压比对升力损失存在交互影响，而高度与来流速度对升力损失无交互影响；优化获得的升力损失最小的工作点是飞机距地面高度为9D（D为喷管直径）、喷飞机高度为3、来流速度为0m/s，此时的升力损失为1.3%.      

Computed Performance of Glide Slope Arrays on Sites with Limited Ground Plane

The computed performance of four different types of glide slope transmitting arrays sited over idealized ground planes consisting of one-dimensional perfectly conducting strips of various lengths in free space is presented. The idealized ground plane approximates the practical case of a site consisting of an expanse of relatively flat ground plane ending in a precipitous dropoff or in rough diffusely reflecting terrain. The computed results show several phenomena which have repeatedly been observed.     

旋翼地面效应的气动建模与特性

地面对旋翼气动特性影响明显，且导致旋翼流场更加复杂。为分析地面效应下的旋翼桨尖涡和流场变化特性，基于涡面和无滑移边界条件，求解第2类Fredholm方程获得地面涡面矢量分布，且将涡面矢量按涡扩散方程扩散到流体中，建立考虑黏性效应的地面气动模型，并耦合非定常面元/黏性涡粒子混合法以体现旋翼桨叶气动特性和旋翼尾迹的非定常效应，构建旋翼地面效应气动分析方法。通过计算Lynx尾桨地面效应下的性能和桨尖涡轨迹，并计算Maryland大学模型旋翼和NASA缩比旋翼地面效应下的垂向、径向速度分布，且与试验和CFD计算结果对比，验证了本文方法能较好捕捉地面效应下的旋翼尾迹变化特性和复杂速度场特性，且结果表明本文方法能较好模拟地面效应下旋翼桨尖涡的收缩、扩散、井喷、地面射流等物理现象。     

基于角度分集的机载超宽带MIMO天线设计

为了提高机载通信设备信道容量和进一步减小天线安装空间，提出一种采用角度分集技术的超宽带（UWB）多输入多输出（MIMO）天线。该天线将Vivaldi天线和超宽带槽天线进行了集成设计，无需采用解耦结构便可获得较高的端口隔离度，大大提高了数据传输率。通过在Vivaldi天线辐射臂上开一对方形缝隙和在介质板背面增加长方形辐射贴片，可以有效减小天线的尺寸，设计的UWB-MIMO天线尺寸为36 mm×36 mm×0.8 mm。给出了天线的设计流程，加工了天线实物，并对其进行了测量。仿真和实测结果表明MIMO天线具有超宽的阻抗带宽，可以覆盖整个3.1~10.6 GHz超宽带频段。Vivaldi天线阻抗带宽为2.8~15.9 GHz，UWB槽天线阻抗带宽为1.8~12.7 GHz，天线端口隔离度均在-10 dB以下。测量了天线的辐射性能和增益特性，实测结果与仿真结果吻合较好，证明了该天线的有效性。该天线可以应用于超宽带无线通信系统和机载阵列天线系统中。     

吸波材料脱落对球面收敛喷管电磁散射特性的影响

在雷达吸波材料（RAM）涂覆位置影响球面收敛喷管（SCFN）雷达散射特性的结论上,研究了雷达吸波材料的脱落对SCFN雷达散射截面积（RCS）缩减效果的影响规律,采用加入阻抗边界条件的迭代物理光学（IPO）方法,计算了SCFN在5种不同脱落概率下的电磁散射特性。研究结果表明：吸波材料涂层的脱落会增加SCFN的RCS幅值;在俯仰探测面当脱落概率达到0.7时,依然能够保持68.19%的RCS缩减能力;在偏航探测面,当脱落概率达到0.5时,需要及时对吸波材料涂层进行修复。     

Rotation and Shape of High Altitude Reflectors Controlled from the Ground

Passive, inverted-dish shaped communications mirrors made of a thin wire mesh may be maintained in a stationary position above most of the atmosphere by the pressure of reflected radiation beamed at the mirror from the ground. We show that by beaming at the mirror an appropriate mixture of linearly and circularly polarized radiation, and by inducing small periodic variations of the plane of polarization, one can monitor and sufficiently control wire orientation in the mirror, which allows one to reduce mirror weight and/or set the mirror in rotation. Mirror rotation in turn can modify mirror shape, open up flaps, and allow synchronized messages to be sent to prechosen locations.     

Gear walk instability studies using flexible multibody dynamics simulation methods in SIMPACK

In a variety of mechanical systems friction induced vibrations are a major concern. The aircraft landing gear is by nature a complex multidegree-of-freedom dynamic system. It may encounter various vibration modes which can be induced by brake frictional characteristics and design features. These brake induced oscillations can lead to very high loads in the landing gear and brake structure which may result in passenger discomfort and sometimes in component failure. Along with the serious fore and aft oscillations of a landing gear, often referred to as gear walk, chatter, squeal, shimmy and other vibrations in aircraft landing systems are not only annoying and disconcerting but can also affect the stability of the plane during take-off, landing, and rolling. In this paper, simulation of such an unstable and complex phenomenon during aircraft ground maneuvers is done to detect vibrations in aircraft landing gear. A commercial multibody simulation tool SIMPACK is used for this purpose. The article is based on work done in co-operation between DLR and Liebherr Aerospace.     

三分支阻抗调配器的计算机辅助设计（CAD）

利用计算机辅助设计三分支阻抗调配器。对于某些特殊的负载阻抗,双分支阻抗调配器将不能实现阻抗匹配（称为不可调配问题）。利用三分支阻抗调配器,可解决双分支阻抗调配器的不可调配问题。三分支阻抗调配器的传统设计方法是利用史密斯圆图进行图解设计。计算机辅助设计（CAD）可以提高三分支阻抗调配器的设计精度。     

Plume aerodynamic effects of cushion engine in lunar landing

 During the second period of China "Tanyue" Project, the explorer will softland on the moon. The cushion engines are used to decelerate the explorer and reduce the impact on the lunar ground. It is necessary to study its plume effects on the explorer component. The self-developed PWS (Plume WorkStation) software based on direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to simulate the plume effects of two 150 N engines. Due to the complex structure of the explorer, PWS uses a decoupling method to treat the boundary mesh, which mainly interacts with simulation particles, and has no relation with the computational grids. After the analytical expressions of plane surfaces and curved surfaces of each boundary block are given, the particle position within or without the boundary blocks can be easily determined. Finally the 3D plume field of two 150 N engines is simulated. The pressure, temperature and velocity distributions of plume field are clearly presented by three characteristic slices. The aerodynamic effects on the explorer bottom, the landfall legs and antenna are separately shown. The compression influence on the plume flow of four landfall legs can be observed.     

基于SWT模型的概率寿命分析体方法

为了研究大应力体积对航空发动机轮盘低周循环疲劳破坏的影响,提高轮盘概率寿命预估精度,针对应变体方法对中、长寿命轮盘预测精度不准的缺陷,提出基于SWT模型的概率寿命分析体方法。该方法以最大主应变平面为临界面的SWT模型为基础,结合考虑尺寸效应的体方法,且不需要进行平均应力修正。通过对某风扇盘进行概率寿命分析,得到的轮盘中值寿命与试验结果吻合良好,预测精度高于应变点方法、应力修正系数法得到的结果。表明基于SWT模型的概率寿命分析体方法可以用来预估航空发动机轮盘概率寿命。     

螺旋桨飞机近地飞行时的横航向稳定性

根据算例飞机数据，分析了地面效应和螺旋桨滑流对飞机横航向静稳定性的影响。结果表明，无论是否存在地面效应，螺旋桨滑流都将使飞机的航向静稳定性和横向静稳定性变差；同时，无论是否存在螺旋桨滑流，地面效应都将使飞机的横向静稳定性增强，航向静稳定性变差。此外，计算了不同飞行条件下的飞机横航向模态特性，分析了地面效应和螺旋桨滑流对飞机横航向动稳定性的影响。结果表明：无论是否存在地面效应，螺旋桨滑流都将增强滚转模态及荷兰滚模态的稳定性，并同时降低螺旋模态的稳定性；而无论是否存在螺旋桨滑流，地面效应总体上也都将使飞机的横航向动稳定性增强。     

Depth of Field for SAR with Aircraft Acceleration

Processing synthetic array radar (SAR) data is difficult if the depth of field is small. Aircraft acceleration can severely reduce the depth of field and thereby increase the processing. The effects of aircraft acceleration on the depth of field for three types of SAR processing are analyzed: (1) conventional processing (range-Dopper processing), (2) variable pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) (PRF changes to compensate for aircraft acceleration), and (3) polar format. Polar format is a technique for processing high resolution SAR which has a much larger depth of field in the ground plane than conventional processing. On the other hand, aircraft acceleration will limit the vertical depth of field for polar format to about the same value as for conventional processing. In addition, for polar format, the only component of aircraft acceleration that limits the vertical depth of field is the component normal to the slant plane containing the velocity and range vectors. Vector notation is used to graphically show the effects of aircraft acceleration. In addition to better insight, the vector notation gives equations for SAR compensation that do not depend on a specific coordinate system.