Robust Adaptive Attitude Maneuvering and Vibration Reducing Control of Flexible Spacecraft Under Input Saturation

A robust adaptive control scheme is proposed for attitude maneuver and vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft in situations where parametric uncertainties,external disturbances,unmeasured elastic vibration and input saturation constraints exist. The controller does not need the knowledge of modal variables but the estimates of modal variables provided by appropriate dynamics of the controller. The requirements to know the system parameters and the bound of the external disturbance in advance are also eliminated by adaptive updating technique. Moreover,an auxiliary design system is constructed to analyze and compensate the effect of input saturation,and the state of the auxiliary design system is applied to the procedure of control design and stability analysis. Within the framework of the Lyapunov theory,stabilization and disturbance rejection of the overall system are ensured. Finally,simulations are conducted to study the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme,and simulation results demonstrate that the precise attitude control and vibration suppression are successfully achieved.     

高超声速飞行器自适应抗饱和再入控制

高超声速飞行器（Hypersonic vehicle,HSV）再入过程中易发生舵面饱和现象,并且其动力学模型具有强烈不确定的特征,这导致其姿态控制系统的设计极富挑战性。针对舵面受限的非线性控制问题,提出外部Anti windup系统结合二阶Terminal滑模控制律的设计方法,能够实现对气动舵面饱和的控制补偿,使HSV快速平稳地跟踪指令信号。其次,针对HSV的强不确定控制问题,提出自适应滑模干扰观测器（Adaptive sliding mode disturbance observer,ASMDO）的方法来对再入气动参数不确定及强外界干扰进行估计,此方法无需干扰界已知且学习参数少,适合实时控制。最后, 再入姿态控制的仿真结果表明了该控制方法的有效性和强鲁棒性。     

Relative Position and Attitude Control for Drag-Free Satellite with Prescribed Performance and Actuator Saturation

An adaptive prescribed performance control scheme is proposed for the drag free satellite in the presence of actuator saturation and external disturbances. The relative translation and rotation dynamics between the test mass and outer satellite are firstly derived. To guarantee prescribed performance bounds on the transient and steady control errors of relative states,a performance constrained control law is formulated with an error transformed function. In addition,the requirements to know the system parameters and the upper bound of the external disturbance in advance have been eliminated by adaptive updating technique. A command filter is concurrently used to overcome the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in the backstepping control design. Subsequently,a novel auxiliary system is constructed to compensate the adverse effects of the actuator saturation constrains. It is proved that all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded and prescribed performance of relative position and attitude control errors are guaranteed. Finally,numerical simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

非线性飞控系统的滑模PI混合模糊逻辑控制

针对一类空间飞行器的非线性姿态控制问题，首先通过变换将其强耦合模型分解成若干个子系统，把各子系统之间的耦全、未建模动态和外界扰动视为系统的不确定性。而后提出了一种结合滑模控制与比例积分控制的模糊逻辑控制器，运用李亚普诺夫原理对系统的稳定性进行了分析。用这种控制器对系统进行分散鲁棒自适应控制，仿真说明相对于传统滑模控制器，它具有响应速度快，跟踪精度高，鲁棒性强的优点。     

一类非线性不确定中立延迟系统的鲁棒自适应滑模控制

针对一类非线性不确定中立型时变时滞系统的鲁棒镇定问题,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,提出了一种能渐近稳定系统的自适应无记忆滑模控制器.基于滑模控制技术,确保了该控制器能驱赶系统状态达到事先指定的滑动超平面,从而获得预期的动态性能.一旦系统动态达到滑动运动阶段,系统对不确定是不敏感的.自适应技术的应用克服了不确定的未知上界,使可达条件能被满足.最后,仿真例子证明了该无记忆自适应滑模控制器的有效性,从而保证了闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性.     

基于神经网络的一类非线性关联大系统鲁棒滑模分散控制

针对一类具有未知界扰动和子系统部分已知的非线性大系统,结合神经网络逼近方法、滑模控制研究了一种新的分散鲁棒自适应控制方法。所设计的分散控制器分为两部分,一是等效控制器,二是滑模控制器。滑模控制器用来减小系统的跟踪误差,起鲁棒控制作用。文中用神经网络逼近非线性未知函数,将网络权值误差引入到网络权值的自适应律中用以改善系统的动态性能。仿真算例证明了所设计的鲁棒分散控制器是有效的。     

一类非线性系统的自适应模糊控制

针对一类具有未知常数控制增益的非线性系统，基于滑模型控制原理并利用Ⅰ型模糊系统的逼近能力，提出了一种自适应模糊控制器设计的新方案，该方案通过引入最优逼近误差自误应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响，从而在稳定性分析中取消了要求逼近误差平方可积或逼近误差的上确界已知的条件，通过理论分析，证明了闭环控制系统是全局稳定的，跟踪误差收敛到零。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

无人直升机自适应神经网络姿态控制

回顾了自适应飞行控制技术、反馈线性化和模型逆理论，分析了误差动力特性．设计了自适应神经网络姿态控制系统。其中，模型逆基于悬停状态，基于神经网络的自适应控制律能够确保跟踪误差和控制信号的有界。仿真结果表明：模型逆增强的非线性神经网络能够对无人直升机的不确定性和建模误差进行自适应。而且对PD控制器和鲁棒项系数变化的仿真结果进行了比较。     

不确定非线性系统的鲁棒输出跟踪

研究了一类具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的仿射非线性系统鲁棒输出跟踪控制问题。首先利用微分几何理论中的输入输出反馈线性化技术钭不确定线性系统通过一非线性状态变换化为线性化规范形，然后利用变结构控制的思想提出了一种基于标称系统和不确定性范数界的鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计方案，并用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了利用本文设计的跟踪控制器可保证闭环系统是有界稳定的，且稳态输出跟踪误差为零。由于所设计的跟踪控制律连续，克服了常规变结构控制方案可能引起的高频抖振现象。将本文结论应用于一空间飞行器的姿态跟踪控制问题，仿结果表明了该设计方法的有效性。     

航天器姿态滑模变结构控制系统的设计

给出了航天器三轴动力学和四元数姿态运动学方程。在分析滑模变结构控制的基本原理和设计方法的基础上，通过二次型最优法解出航天器姿态角速度与姿态角之间的函数关系，进而得到滑动平面。在此基础上，应用滑模变结构控制方法对航天器姿态控制系统进行了设计和仿真，并与PID控制系统进行了分析比较。仿真结果表明，滑模控制系统具有良好的动态品质和稳态性能，体现了变结构控制的突出优点，对系统摄动和外加干扰具有极强的鲁棒性和自适应性。     

基于鲁棒自适应控制策略的混合型步进电机低速伺服控制性能

针对混合型步进电机低速运行状态下脉动转矩较大的特点,应用鲁棒自适应控制策略来设计其低速伺服控制器,以实现高精度的跟踪控制性能.首先,根据混合型步进电机转矩形成的机理,揭示了其固有的脉动转矩对低速运动控制产生不利影响的动力学特征,并将它归结为两种结构不确定性,便于控制器的设计;其次,采取标准的自适应控制及其鲁棒化设计思想,借助于μ-修整策略来实现相应的控制律,确保脉动转矩的最大化补偿及伺服系统低速跟踪控制满足高性能的要求;最后对所建立的低速跟踪控制系统的性能进行了试验评估,并与作者前期的工作进行了比较,试验结果验证了其有效性与可行性.     

Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Attitude Control Scheme for Spacecraft with Actuator Faults

An active fault tolerant control scheme is investigated for the attitude control systems of spacecraft with external disturbance and actuator faults by using the sliding mode technique. Firstly,the dynamic equations and kinematic equations of spacecraft are given. For the dynamic mode of spacecraft in faulty case,a fault diagnosis component is used for fault detection and estimation by using a nonlinear observer. According to the fault estimation information obtained during the fault diagnosis,the fault tolerant control scheme is developed by adopting the backstepping sliding mode control technique. Meanwhile,the Lyapunov theory is used to analyze the stability of the closed-loop attitude systems. Finally,simulation results for the attitude dynamics models show the feasibility of the proposed fault tolerant scheme.     

Nonlinear Control Method for Hypersonic Vehicle Based on Double Power Reaching Law of Sliding Mode

The intelligence nonlinear control scheme via double power reaching law based sliding mode control method is proposed to solve the problems of model uncertainties and unknown outside disturbances.Firstly,the aerodynamic parameters of the morphing vehicle are replaced with curve-fitted approximation to build the accurate model for control design in the hypersonic flight.Then the nonlinear vehicle model is transformed into the strict feedback multi-input/multi-output nonlinear system by using the input-output feedback linearization approach.At the same time,the disturbance observer is used to approximate the unknown disturbance,and the sliding mode method is used to solve the problem of non-matching and uncertainty.Finally,according to the buffeting problem in sliding mode control,the double power is improved.Simulation results show that the proposed method can ensure the global stability of the closed-loop system,and has good tracking and robust performance.     

近空间飞行器泛函连接网络自适应预测控制

针对存在强烈不确定和干扰的近空间高超声速飞行器（NHV）,提出了一种新的非线性自适应控制方法。控制律由最优广义预测控制（OGPC）算法和泛函连接网络（FLN）直接自适应律组成。OGPC是一种连续时间的非线性预测控制算法。FLN则通过在线学习来抵消飞行中的未知不确定和干扰的影响。学习过程不需要任何离线训练过程。文中提供了NHV的闭环系统稳定性分析,经过证明系统误差和权值学习误差一致最终有界。对于姿态跟踪系统,仿真结果显示了控制器的良好性能。     

Aeroengine Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

For a class of aeroengine nonlinear systems,a novel nonlinear sliding mode controller(SMC)design method based on artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is proposed.In view of the strong nonlinearity and uncertainty of aeroengines,sliding mode control strategy is adopted to design controller for the aeroengine.On basis of exact linearization approach,the nonlinear sliding mode controller is obtained conveniently.By using ABC algorithm,the parameters in the designed controller can be tuned to achieve optimal performance,resulting in a closedloop system with satisfactory dynamic performance and high steady accuracy.Simulation on an aeroengine verifies the effectiveness of the presented method.     

基于神经网络的非线性自适应输出反馈控制

针对能够采用仿射非线性表示的含有未建模动态的SISO非线性系统，讨论了一种基于神经网络的自适应控制方法，该方法对受控对象的已知部分，有用反馈线性化方法设计控制器，用神经网络在线补偿未建模动态及外部干扰等引起的误差，从而实现自适应控制。对具有未建模动态的双车倒立摆设计了输出反馈自适应控制系统，仿真表明该方法是有效的。     

基于自适应逆最优控制的卫星容错控制

针对卫星在轨飞行过程中存在的一类执行机构故障,提出一种基于自适应逆最优控制原理的卫星姿态容错控制设计方法。考虑卫星执行机构出现故障的情况,将系统的不确定性参数作为估计的自适应参数,基于逆最优原理采用积分反推方法求解辅助系统的自适应控制Lyapunov函数,设计了能够确保原系统鲁棒稳定的自适应逆最优控制器。同时基于Lyapunov方法,从理论上推导了所设计出的控制律的稳定性,并通过仿真进行了控制算法验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于自适应逆最优控制的卫星容错控制方法能够保证执行机构出现故障时姿态控制系统稳定。     

5自由度机器人手臂模糊自适应控制

为了在一定的跟踪精度范围内且存在不确定性因素的情况下控制机器人跟踪设定的轨迹,给出了一种基于控制器输出误差法的自适应模糊控制法来控制机器人手臂.采用梯度下降法调节部分或全部参数以减小输出误差.该方法被应用于5自由度机器人控制系统中,仿真结果显示模糊逻辑控制器参数得到了实时调整,该方法有效.     

Disturbance Rejection Adaptive Control for Atmospheric Effects on Aircraft

Disturbance rejection algorithm based on model reference adaptive control(MRAC)augmentation is investigated for uncertain turbulence disturbances.A stable adaptive control scheme is developed based on lower diagonal upper(LDU)decomposition of the high frequency gain matrix,which ensures closed-loop stability and asymptotic output tracking.Under the proposed control techniques,the bounded stability is achieved and the controller is able to remain within tight bounds on the matched and unmatched uncertainties.Finally,simulation studies of a linearized lateral-directional dynamics model are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the adaptive scheme.     

执行器卡死并失效的航天器姿态稳定控制

考虑挠性航天器执行器卡死与部分失效故障下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种滑模容错控制法。该方法采用自适应技术在线估计系统不确定参数,且该控制器的设计不需要任何在线或离线的故障信息,能够完全独立于地面站的支持。基于Lyapunov方法从理论上证明了该控制器不但能够有效地处理执行器故障,而且保证了闭环系统的全局渐近稳定,实现对姿态的高精度控制。最后将该方法应用于某型挠性航天器的姿态稳定任务中,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。