基于神经网络的一类非线性关联大系统鲁棒滑模分散控制

针对一类具有未知界扰动和子系统部分已知的非线性大系统,结合神经网络逼近方法、滑模控制研究了一种新的分散鲁棒自适应控制方法。所设计的分散控制器分为两部分,一是等效控制器,二是滑模控制器。滑模控制器用来减小系统的跟踪误差,起鲁棒控制作用。文中用神经网络逼近非线性未知函数,将网络权值误差引入到网络权值的自适应律中用以改善系统的动态性能。仿真算例证明了所设计的鲁棒分散控制器是有效的。     

高超声速飞行器自适应抗饱和再入控制

高超声速飞行器（Hypersonic vehicle,HSV）再入过程中易发生舵面饱和现象,并且其动力学模型具有强烈不确定的特征,这导致其姿态控制系统的设计极富挑战性。针对舵面受限的非线性控制问题,提出外部Anti windup系统结合二阶Terminal滑模控制律的设计方法,能够实现对气动舵面饱和的控制补偿,使HSV快速平稳地跟踪指令信号。其次,针对HSV的强不确定控制问题,提出自适应滑模干扰观测器（Adaptive sliding mode disturbance observer,ASMDO）的方法来对再入气动参数不确定及强外界干扰进行估计,此方法无需干扰界已知且学习参数少,适合实时控制。最后, 再入姿态控制的仿真结果表明了该控制方法的有效性和强鲁棒性。     

不确定非线性系统的鲁棒输出跟踪

研究了一类具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的仿射非线性系统鲁棒输出跟踪控制问题。首先利用微分几何理论中的输入输出反馈线性化技术钭不确定线性系统通过一非线性状态变换化为线性化规范形，然后利用变结构控制的思想提出了一种基于标称系统和不确定性范数界的鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计方案，并用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了利用本文设计的跟踪控制器可保证闭环系统是有界稳定的，且稳态输出跟踪误差为零。由于所设计的跟踪控制律连续，克服了常规变结构控制方案可能引起的高频抖振现象。将本文结论应用于一空间飞行器的姿态跟踪控制问题，仿结果表明了该设计方法的有效性。     

基于ESO与NTSM的汽车主动前轮转向控制

提出基于扩张状态观测器(Extended state observer,ESO)与非奇异终端滑模(Nonsingular terminal sliding mode,NTSM)的车辆主动前轮转向控制。首先建立二自由度车辆模型计算车辆理想参考横摆角速度。其次以二自由度模型为基础设计扩张状态观测器与非奇异终端滑模控制器,扩张状态观测器能估计车辆状态与扰动,非奇异终端滑模控制器能对扰动进行补偿并输出控制量。最后在Matlab/Simlink中建立了扩张状态观测器与非奇异终端滑模控制器,采用CarSim非线性车辆模型进行仿真试验,研究了NTSM与PID控制器的闭环控制性能以及鲁棒性,并对两种控制器试验结果进行对比。结果表明,非奇异终端滑模控制的车主动前轮转向系统能有效改善车辆的操纵稳定性,控制器具有强抗干扰能力、良好的路径跟踪性能和鲁棒性,且优于PID控制器。     

非线性飞控系统的滑模PI混合模糊逻辑控制

针对一类空间飞行器的非线性姿态控制问题，首先通过变换将其强耦合模型分解成若干个子系统，把各子系统之间的耦全、未建模动态和外界扰动视为系统的不确定性。而后提出了一种结合滑模控制与比例积分控制的模糊逻辑控制器，运用李亚普诺夫原理对系统的稳定性进行了分析。用这种控制器对系统进行分散鲁棒自适应控制，仿真说明相对于传统滑模控制器，它具有响应速度快，跟踪精度高，鲁棒性强的优点。     

Robust Adaptive Attitude Maneuvering and Vibration Reducing Control of Flexible Spacecraft with Prescribed Performance

A robust adaptive control scheme with prescribed performance is proposed for attitude maneuver and vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft, in which the parametric uncertainty, external disturbances and unmeasured elastic vibration are taken into account simultaneously. On the basis of the prescribed performance control(PPC)theory,the prescribed steady state and transient performance for the attitude tracking error can be guaranteed through the stabilization of the transformed system. This controller does not need the knowledge of modal variables.The absence of measurements of these variables is compensated by appropriate dynamics of the controller which supplies their estimates. The method of sliding mode differentiator is introduced to overcome the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in traditional backstepping design. In addition,the requirements of knowing the system parameters and the unknown bound of the lumped uncertainty,including external disturbance and the estimate error of sliding mode differentiator,have been eliminated by using adaptive updating technique. Within the framework of Lyapunov theory,the stability of the transformed system is obtained. Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Attitude Control Scheme for Spacecraft with Actuator Faults

An active fault tolerant control scheme is investigated for the attitude control systems of spacecraft with external disturbance and actuator faults by using the sliding mode technique. Firstly,the dynamic equations and kinematic equations of spacecraft are given. For the dynamic mode of spacecraft in faulty case,a fault diagnosis component is used for fault detection and estimation by using a nonlinear observer. According to the fault estimation information obtained during the fault diagnosis,the fault tolerant control scheme is developed by adopting the backstepping sliding mode control technique. Meanwhile,the Lyapunov theory is used to analyze the stability of the closed-loop attitude systems. Finally,simulation results for the attitude dynamics models show the feasibility of the proposed fault tolerant scheme.     

基于滑模控制理论的导弹自动驾驶仪的设计

基于变结构自适应控制理论,提出一种新的STT导弹自动驾驶仪三通道独立设计方法。该方法在设计过程中保留了通道间的全部耦合因素,通过构造滑模面和最优值原理配置转换系统零动态的极点,从而提高了系统的稳定性,增强了系统的适应性和鲁棒性。运用所提出的方法,本文设计了某型导弹的自动驾驶仪,并在考虑了舵机系统,加速度计等各种非理想因素的情况下,得到了良好的输出跟踪性能和鲁棒性。     

不确定时滞系统的模糊鲁棒H∞控制

讨论了一类具有时滞的不确定非线性系统的模糊H∞状态反馈控制问题。采用具有时滞和不确定项的Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊模型对非线性系统进行建模，提出了一套基于LMI的模糊鲁棒控制器的系统设计方法，并给出了模糊H∞状态反馈控制器存在的充分条件，以保证闭环模糊系统渐近稳定并满足从干扰输入到输出控制输出的H∞范数界约束。示例仿真表明了该方法的有效性。     

Aeroengine Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

For a class of aeroengine nonlinear systems,a novel nonlinear sliding mode controller(SMC)design method based on artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is proposed.In view of the strong nonlinearity and uncertainty of aeroengines,sliding mode control strategy is adopted to design controller for the aeroengine.On basis of exact linearization approach,the nonlinear sliding mode controller is obtained conveniently.By using ABC algorithm,the parameters in the designed controller can be tuned to achieve optimal performance,resulting in a closedloop system with satisfactory dynamic performance and high steady accuracy.Simulation on an aeroengine verifies the effectiveness of the presented method.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的空天飞行器轨迹线性化控制

研究一种新的空天飞行器基于非线性干扰观测器的轨迹线性化飞行控制方案。轨迹线性化控制是一种新颖有效的非线性跟踪和解耦控制方法,但空天飞行器飞行过程中存在的建模误差和外界干扰等不确定因素将导致其性能下降甚至失效。为了满足空天飞行器高精度高稳定控制的要求,本文利用非线性干扰观测器对系统中存在的不确定进行估计,其输出用以设计新的补偿控制律,从而使当前轨迹线性化方法的控制性能得到改善。最后利用该方案设计出空天飞行器飞行控制系统,通过高超声速飞行条件下的仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Adaptive Backstepping Control for Hypersonic Vehicles with Actuator Amplitude and Rate Saturation

This paper presents a constrained control strategy for the hypersonic vehicle with actuator amplitude,rate constraints and aerodynamic uncertainties. First,a vehicle-actuator control model is derived in consideration of actuator dynamics properties explicitly. Second, a nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the aerodynamic uncertainties, and then an adaptive backstepping control technique is adopted with a modified first-order-filter to eliminate the"explosion of terms"problem. Next,for handling the actuator amplitude and rate constraints,a novel auxiliary compensation system is constructed to generate quickly compensating signals to ensure tracking performance of command signal. By the Lyapunov stability proof,the proposed control scheme can enssure that the tracking errors converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood around zero when the actuator constraints and aerodynamic uncertainties exist. Finally,numerical simulations are implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.     

近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持研究

研究了近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持控制问题。针对三星库仑编队相对运动动力学的复杂性，运用绳系编队的建模思想，建立了径向等质量共线三星库仑力编队在地球同步轨道处的非线性相对运动动力学模型。考虑库仑编队动力学特性和环境干扰不确定因素影响，基于该非线性动力学模型，设计了地球同步轨道处的等质量三星库仑编队滑膜反馈控制律，在滑模控制中加入了线性反馈项提高控制器的稳定性和准确性，同时保证了编队整体的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制律能够使编队达到预期静态构型，具有良好的控制性能。     

一类非线性不确定中立延迟系统的鲁棒自适应滑模控制

针对一类非线性不确定中立型时变时滞系统的鲁棒镇定问题,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,提出了一种能渐近稳定系统的自适应无记忆滑模控制器.基于滑模控制技术,确保了该控制器能驱赶系统状态达到事先指定的滑动超平面,从而获得预期的动态性能.一旦系统动态达到滑动运动阶段,系统对不确定是不敏感的.自适应技术的应用克服了不确定的未知上界,使可达条件能被满足.最后,仿真例子证明了该无记忆自适应滑模控制器的有效性,从而保证了闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性.     

航天器姿态滑模变结构控制系统的设计

给出了航天器三轴动力学和四元数姿态运动学方程。在分析滑模变结构控制的基本原理和设计方法的基础上，通过二次型最优法解出航天器姿态角速度与姿态角之间的函数关系，进而得到滑动平面。在此基础上，应用滑模变结构控制方法对航天器姿态控制系统进行了设计和仿真，并与PID控制系统进行了分析比较。仿真结果表明，滑模控制系统具有良好的动态品质和稳态性能，体现了变结构控制的突出优点，对系统摄动和外加干扰具有极强的鲁棒性和自适应性。     

一类非线性系统的自适应模糊控制

针对一类具有未知常数控制增益的非线性系统，基于滑模型控制原理并利用Ⅰ型模糊系统的逼近能力，提出了一种自适应模糊控制器设计的新方案，该方案通过引入最优逼近误差自误应补偿项来消除建模误差的影响，从而在稳定性分析中取消了要求逼近误差平方可积或逼近误差的上确界已知的条件，通过理论分析，证明了闭环控制系统是全局稳定的，跟踪误差收敛到零。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

高超声速飞行器再入自适应容错制导控制一体化设计

针对故障下高超声速飞行器安全再入飞行问题,考虑控制系统存在各种不确定性参数、干扰和力矩故障,进行高超声速飞行器再入自适应容错制导控制一体化(Integrated guidance and control,IGC)设计。首先,针对分离通道的制导与控制(Separate channel integrated guidance and control,SCIGC)模型设计无法同时协调制导和控制系统容错能力的问题,考虑制导环和姿态环之间关系并建立制导控制一体化模型;然后,针对一体化模型设计自适应滑模Backstepping容错控制器,并采用Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊模型在线逼近由未知参数和加性故障引起的复合干扰项;最后,基于Lyapunov稳定性定理设计参数自适应律在线更新容错控制器,同时引入投影算子防止参数漂移以保证参数处于合理区间,从而完成自适应容错制导控制一体化方案设计。在飞行器故障条件下,通过IGC与SCIGC控制策略的仿真对比,验证了自适应容错IGC控制策略的有效性和优越性。     

基于非线性模型预测控制算法的亚轨道再入轨迹优化

针对升力式飞行器再入终端需要满足窗口约束条件的情况,提出了一种基于模型预测算法的再入轨迹优化方法。该方法利用预测模型和滚动优化策略将非线性多约束优化问题转化为线性优化目标函数,并采用二次规划法求解该轨迹优化问题,得到了满足相应约束的亚轨道再入轨道。以某升力式再入飞行器为对象进行了纵向轨迹优化计算,仿真结果验证了该轨迹优化方法具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

一种欠量测系统传感器故障检测与隔离方法

为了解决欠量测系统传感器故障检测与隔离这一难题,在对传感器故障进行合理建模的基础上,首先,借助输出方程,利用最小二乘和基础解系的方法,将传感器故障特征转换到系统状态模型中;然后,提出一种残差产生器的设计方法并给出其参数求解方法;最后,用算例对上述设计结果的有效性进行计算机仿真验证。     

Torque Distribution of Electric Vehicle with Four In-Wheel Motors Based on Road Adhesion Margin

With the worsening of energy crisis and environmental pollution,electric vehicles with four in?wheel motors have been paid more and more attention. The main research subject is how to reasonably distribute the driving torque of each wheel. Considering the longitudinal motion,lateral motion,yaw movement and rotation of the four wheels,the tire model and the seven DOF dynamic model of the vehicle are established in this paper. Then,the torque distribution method is proposed based on road adhesion margin,which can be divided into anti ? slip control layer and torque distribution layer. The anti?slip control layer is built based on sliding mode variable structure control,whose main function is to avoid the excessive slip of wheels caused by road conditions. The torque distribution layer is responsible for selecting the torque distribution method based on road adhesion margin. The simulation results show that the proposed torque distribution method can ensure the vehicle quickly adapt to current road adhesion conditions,and improve the handling stability and dynamic performance of the vehicle in the driving process.