Design of dynamic dissipative compensators for flexible spacestructures

Control system design is considered for attitude control and vibration suppression of flexible space structures. The problem addressed is that of controlling both the zero-frequency rigid-body modes and the elastic modes. Model-based compensators, which employ observers tuned to the plant parameters, are first investigated. Such compensators are shown to generally exhibit high sensitivity to the knowledge of the parameters, especially the elastic mode frequencies. To overcome this problem, a class of dynamic dissipative compensators is next proposed which robustly stabilize the plant in the presence of unmodeled dynamics and parametric uncertainties. An analytical proof of robust stability is given, and a method of implementing the controller as a strictly proper compensator is described. Methods of designing such controllers to obtain optimal performance and robust stability are presented. Numerical and experimental results of application of the methods are presented, which indicate that dynamic dissipative controllers can simultaneously provide excellent performance and robustness     

Robust dissipative compensators for flexible spacecraft control

The problem of controller design for flexible spacecraft is addressed. Model-based compensators, which rely on the knowledge of the system parameters to tune the state estimator, are first considered, and are shown to have high sensitivity to parameter uncertainties. Three types of dissipative controllers, which use collocated actuators and sensors, are next considered. These controllers guarantee stability in the presence of unmodeled elastic modes and parameter uncertainties. A procedure is given for designing an optimal dissipative dynamic compensator, which can provide better performance while still retaining robust stability     

突扩间隙比对单通道扩压器内流动力特性影响的试验研究

为了研究突扩间隙比与扩压器内流动力特性的影响关系,采用水流模拟流动显示及PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)流场测速试验方法,对不同突扩间隙比的内流瞬态流场、时均流场、雷诺切应力等关键流场信息所表征的扩压器内流动力特性进行了研究。结果表明:突扩间隙比为1.6～1.7时,静压恢复系数与总压损失系数比值达到最大,此时扩压性能最优;扩压器突扩间隙比为1.64时,主流从前置扩压器流出时由于强剪切作用卷起扩散涡,为维持突扩区域空间内流动稳定性,进而诱导出消耗涡;总压损失变化是突扩区消耗涡、回流扰动及火焰筒前缘背压反流共同作用的结果,雷诺切应力与总压损失系数成正比;扩压器出口速度分布对于突扩间隙比变化的不敏感性体现出较好的内流流动稳定性。     

Damping of Generator Oscillations Using Static VAR Compensators

The design of a novel static VAR compensator for the damping of electromechanical oscillation in a synchronous generator is presented. The proposed compensator, which is made up of a fixed capacitor and a thyristor-controlled inductor, is installed at the generator terminal to provide the required damping without deteriorating the voltage profile under disturbance conditions. In order to have better dynamic performance, a supplementary proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller of which the parameters are determined by eigenvalue assignment is incorporated in the static VAR compensators. The dynamic responses of the synchronous machine subjected to a three-phase fault are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the static VAR compensators. A comparison study of the proposed controller and a PID excitation controller is made with respect to damping enhancement and terminal voltage deviation.     

周边桁架可展天线展开过程动力学分析及控制

 基于多刚体系统动力学的Lagrange方法,采用独立的Lagrange广义坐标,考虑耗散力、铰链处扭簧的驱动力及索网预张力对展开过程的影响,建立了周边桁架可展天线展开过程的动力学模型,给出了基于力控制的展开过程控制策略,得出了展开过程驱动力的变化与天线位形变化之间的关系,根据所规划好的天线展开运动得出相应的驱动力。编制了仿真程序进行算例分析,研究了初速度、阻尼及重力对天线展开过程的影响,实现了考虑驱动扭簧的刚度、关节中的阻尼、重力及索网预张力影响的周边桁架可展天线展开过程的动力学分析与控制。实验仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

航空发动机整机动力学研究进展与展望

对近年来航空发动机整机动力学的研究现状、进展进行了综述,包括双转子系统固有特性计算、转子-滚动轴承系统动力学、转子叶片振动、发动机机匣动力学、机动飞行转子系统动力学、航空发动机转子碰摩动力学、航空发动机转子裂纹以及整机动力学等.最后对航空发动机整机动力学今后工作研究的方向进行了展望.     

飞机滚转时惯性耦合运动的分岔分析

飞机非线性运动稳定性是非线性飞行动力学的重要组成部分,分岔分析则是非线性动力学系统运动稳定性分析的主要内容。应用中心流形的降维技巧和分岔分析方法,给出了一种快速有效的稳定性研究方法,并对飞机滚转时的惯性耦合运动进行了分岔分析和稳定性分析。本方法简便易行,可以大大减少计算工作量 ,其计算结果也是令人满意的。     

非线性动态逆神经元解耦飞行控制方法

 提出一种非线性动态逆神经元控制系统设计方法，并成功的将其应用于某战斗机非线性解耦控制问题。该方法的基本思想是采用神经元网络建立非线性被控对象的动态逆模型，将被控对象转化为伪线性系统，并用现代控制系统综合设计方法对神经元伪线性系统进行闭环优化设计。给出的战斗机非线性动态逆神经元解耦飞行控制系统的仿真结果显示出人工神经元网络作为非线性动态逆控制单元所具有的潜在能力。     

考虑传感器动力学的变结构控制

研究了状态不可测系统的变结构控制问题。构造了系统的状态观测器。为了分析系统的抖振,计入了传感器（测量装置）的动力学。在建立了由对象、观测器和传感器组成的系统的动力学方程之后,研究了滑动模态的稳定性及其特性,并用趋近律方法构造出了变结构控制,还给出了关于抖振的又一解释。     

Dynamics of an ultrasonic impact tool with an intermediate striker

A dynamic model constructed by the methods from the theory of vibration-impact systems used to study a process of impact machining of welded joints by an ultrasonic tool with an intermediate unfixed striker is described. Depending on design and technological parameters, regions of impact oscillation occurrence and stability are calculated. The oscillation change in amplitude as a result of the dynamic drift of the vibration-impact tool case is considered and the influence of the striker mass and the force of tool pressing to an article being machined on the vibration impact process dynamics is analyzed. The value of elastic stresses appearing in metal under impact machining is also evaluated.     

Adaptive block dynamic surface control for integrated missile guidance and autopilot

A novel integrated guidance and autopilot design method is proposed for homing missiles based on the adaptive block dynamic surface control approach. The fully integrated guidance and autopilot model is established by combining the nonlinear missile dynamics with the nonlinear dynamics describing the pursuit situation of a missile and a target in the three-dimensional space. The integrated guidance and autopilot design problem is further converted to a state regulation problem of a time-varying nonlinear system with matched and unmatched uncertainties. A new and simple adaptive block dynamic surface control algorithm is proposed to address such a state regulation problem. The stability of the closed-loop system is proven based on the Lyapunov theory. The six degrees of freedom (6DOF) nonlinear numerical simulation results show that the proposed integrated guidance and autopilot algorithm can ensure the accuracy of target interception and the robust stability of the closed-loop system with respect to the uncertainties in the missile dynamics.     

Order out of Randomness: Self-Organization Processes in Astrophysics

Self-organization is a property of dissipative nonlinear processes that are governed by a global driving force and a local positive feedback mechanism, which creates regular geometric and/or temporal patterns, and decreases the entropy locally, in contrast to random processes. Here we investigate for the first time a comprehensive number of (17) self-organization processes that operate in planetary physics, solar physics, stellar physics, galactic physics, and cosmology. Self-organizing systems create spontaneous “order out of randomness”, during the evolution from an initially disordered system to an ordered quasi-stationary system, mostly by quasi-periodic limit-cycle dynamics, but also by harmonic (mechanical or gyromagnetic) resonances. The global driving force can be due to gravity, electromagnetic forces, mechanical forces (e.g., rotation or differential rotation), thermal pressure, or acceleration of nonthermal particles, while the positive feedback mechanism is often an instability, such as the magneto-rotational (Balbus-Hawley) instability, the convective (Rayleigh-Bénard) instability, turbulence, vortex attraction, magnetic reconnection, plasma condensation, or a loss-cone instability. Physical models of astrophysical self-organization processes require hydrodynamic, magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD), plasma, or N-body simulations. Analytical formulations of self-organizing systems generally involve coupled differential equations with limit-cycle solutions of the Lotka-Volterra or Hopf-bifurcation type.     

Optimal trajectory design accounting for the stabilization of linear time-varying error dynamics

This study is dedicated to the development of a direct optimal control-based algorithm for trajectory optimization problems that accounts for the closed-loop stability of the trajectory tracking error dynamics already during the optimization. Consequently, the trajectory is designed such that the Linear Time-Varying(LTV) dynamic system, describing the controller’s error dynamics, is stable, while additionally the desired optimality criterion is optimized and all enforced constraints on the traje...     

飞行器动态稳定性参数计算方法研究进展

动态稳定性参数（简称动导数）是飞行器控制系统设计、飞行器动不稳定发生边界分析及相应动态稳定性判据研究的关键气动参数。在对飞行稳定性问题进行概述的基础上,介绍飞行器动态稳定性参数数值模拟的国内外研究进展。并按照理论方法、工程近似方法及计算流体力学（CFD）模拟方法的动导数发展方向对近年来主要的动导数计算方法进行了综述,评价了各种动导数预测方法的优缺点,指出了动导数数值模拟在理论基础、非定常气动力建模、预测方法精度和效率等方面存在的问题。最后对动导数数值模拟的发展趋势进行了展望。     

QFT force loop design for the aerodynamic load simulator

A dynamic load simulator which can reproduce on-ground the aerodynamic hinge moment of a control surface is an essential rig for conducting performance and stability tests of aircraft actuation systems. The hinge moment varies widely over the flight envelope, depending on the specific flight condition and maneuvering status. To replicate the wide spectrum of this hinge moment variation within some accuracy hounds, a force controller is designed based on the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT). A dynamic model of the load actuation system Is derived, and compared with experimental results. Through this comparison, a nominal model of the load actuation system with some uncertainty bounds is developed. The efficacy of the QFT force controller is verified by a numerical simulation, in which combined aircraft dynamics, flight control law and hydraulic actuation system dynamics of the aircraft control surface are considered     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

Design for aircraft engine multi-objective controllers with switching characteristics

The aircraft engine multi-loop control system is described and the switching control theory is introduced to solve the regulating and protecting control problems in this paper. The aircraft engine multi-loop control system is firstly described and the control problems are formulated. Secondly, the theory of the smooth switching control is devoted and a new extended scheme for the smooth switching of a switched control system is introduced. Then, for the key technologies of aero-engines switching control, a design algorithm is presented which can determine which candidate controller should be put in feedback with the plant to achieve a desired performance and the procedure to design the aircraft engine multi-loop control system is detailed. The switching performance objectives and the switching scheme are given and a family of PID controllers and compensators is designed. The simulation shows that using the switching control design method can not only improve the dynamic performance of the aircraft engine control system and reduce the switching times, but also guarantee the stability in some peculiar occasions.     

航空发动机滚动轴承-双转子系统动态特性分析

在滚动轴承动力学和转子动力学分析基础上,建立了含滚动轴承动力学与转子动力学耦合以及高、低压转子间耦合的滚动轴承-双转子系统动力学方程,采用精细积分法和预估-校正Adams-Bashforth-Moulton多步法相结合的算法,对航空发动机滚动轴承-双转子系统非线性动力学方程进行求解,并对滚动轴承结构参数与转子动态特性的关系进行了理论分析.分析结果表明:①中介轴承径向游隙较小时转子系统振动量较小且转子运行较平稳,但中介轴承保持架打滑率会有所提高,应合理选取中介轴承的径向游隙值;中介轴承滚子数量对转子运转稳定性有较大影响,减小中介轴承滚子数量可降低保持架打滑率,但转子系统的振动量会增大;②支承轴承内、外沟曲率半径系数及径向游隙较小时转子系统的振动量较小,转子运转较稳定;支承轴承滚动体数量对转子运转稳定性有较大影响,滚动体数量增多有利于转子系统运行的平稳性.      

涡轮机械转子/密封稳定性研究综述

介绍了流体密封对转子稳定性的影响。阐述了基于体积流模型和流场计算的稳定性分析方法，及利用密封结构设计对转子动态特性进行主动控制的方法，指出了转子／密封稳定性研究的发展趋势：一是发展适应性强的流体流动和转子动力特性分析的数值计算技术，在转子设计阶段进行流体诱导稳定性分析；二是利用密封刚度阻尼特性。改善转子动态特性。