基于小波分析的BOC信号抗多径码相位估计

卫星导航接收机需要精确地估计扩频信号的码相位并进行跟踪,估计的精度直接影响伪距测量的精度.卫星信号的多径传播使得简单的相关器估计存在较大的误差,针对未来导航系统普遍采用的BOC(Binary Offset Carrier)导航信号,提出了一种基于小波分析的估计算法来抑制多径误差,仿真的结果表明该算法比传统的窄相关和双Delta技术在性能上有很大的改进.并证明了在采用Haar小波时,该技术与相关器估计方法在极限条件下是等价的,同时该方法的算法复杂度比基于最大似然估计的方法MMT(Multipath Mitigating Technique)要低.     

GPS软件接收机原理样机设计与实现

为了满足GPS/INS(Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System)超紧组合导航系统研究的需要,克服硬件接收机参数固定,适应性差的弱点,设计了一种参数可调、灵活控制的GPS软件接收机.采用GPS L1频率的中频采样信号,运用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)频域捕获算法和锁相环与锁频环相互辅助的载波环路,实现了信号捕获、码环和载波环路跟踪、导航电文提取与解码、伪距及导航定位解算,并与NovAtel公司的FlexPax型硬件接收机进行了比较.跑车测试结果表明,该GPS软件接收机捕获迅速、跟踪准确,导航定位精度小于10m,动态抗干扰能力明显优于一般GPS硬件接收机,适合于GPS/INS超紧组合导航系统的应用.     

载波相位/捷联惯导组合对高轨飞行器的导航

高轨飞行器可用卫星数目较少,信号空间链路损耗大,使用伪距进行测量的精度较低.提出基于GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)卫星载波相位与捷联惯导紧组合方法对高轨机动飞行器进行自主导航.该方法将连续跟踪的卫星初次可用时的整周模糊度的浮点解作为状态变量,通过平方根UKF建立了组合导航非线性滤波模型,提出了基于整周浮点解交集的滤波器故障检测方法.研究表明,提出的组合导航方法充分利用了载波相位高测量精度和系统性误差缓变的特点,提高了系统的可靠性和精度.     

基于载波相位的多通道相位一致性测量方法CSCD

对于卫星导航系统,由导航天线进行波束合成的多路并行导航信号需要具有严格的相位一致性,本文给出基于专用地检设备的多通道相位一致性测量方法。该地检设备采用载波相位辅助伪码测距技术,通过载波相位和伪码相位的联合解算,实现了伪码相位对载波相位解整周期模糊,最终测距精度达到1ps。采用该测试方法对系统进行配相,实现了各通道无周期模糊的相位一致性。     

高轨微弱信号的跟踪算法分析及仿真

高轨航天器自主导航技术是中国迫切需要发展的航天新技术之一,广泛应用于通信、导航、气象、预警等领域.高轨导航接收机为高轨航天器自主导航定位提供了便捷有效的手段.在高动态环境下,载波频率和相位、伪码相位均随载体运动发生较大变化.由于载体动态引入的多普勒频率变化对伪码跟踪环的影响可通过载波辅助消除,接收机的动态性能主要取决于...     

GNSS信号模拟器通道群时延标定方法

传统的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号模拟器通道群时延标定方法有相位翻转点法和相关峰法两种,两者均在零伪距或固定伪距的特殊仿真场景下进行测量,且在通道传输特性非理想的情况下测得的群时延均存在偏差.提出了基于闭环伪距测量的模拟器通道群时延标定方法,并设计实现了GNSS信号模拟器通道群时延标定系统.首先,采用高速直接射频采样存储系统对模拟器正常星座动态仿真场景下输出的导航信号和秒脉冲(1 PPS)信号同时进行记录.其次,使用软件接收机对信号进行捕获跟踪,利用三次样条插值判定1 PPS上升沿位置作为伪距观测历元时刻,对软件接收机的伪距观测量和模拟器仿真的伪距记录值做数据比对,得到模拟器的群时延标定值.最后,分别利用上述方法对两种商用模拟器的群时延进行了标定,实验结果表明,闭环伪距测量法有效可行,测量不确定度优于0.7 ns.      

一种新的SINS/GPS深组合导航系统设计

为了提高GPS在高动态、强干扰条件下的跟踪性能和导航精度,提出了一种新的SINS/GPS深组合导航方案.利用卡尔曼滤波器反馈回路取代了传统接收机中独立、并行的跟踪回路,能够同时完成所有可视卫星信号和组合导航信息处理的任务;利用矢量跟踪算法加强各跟踪通道相互关联,增强跟踪通道对信号载噪比变化的适应能力,从而提高接收机在信号中断条件下的导航性能;利用相关器输出的I和Q路测量值直接作为导航滤波器的观测量,减小滤波过程残差,可以提高组合导航系统的导航精度和跟踪性能.仿真验证表明,这种基于矢量跟踪的深组合导航方案不仅在GPS信号中断期间能够保证系统的导航精度和可靠性,而且在低载噪比条件下可以增强导航系统的跟踪性能以及抗干扰能力.     

四大全球导航系统特性比较

<正>卫星导航系统是指能够为地球表面或近地空间的用户提供全天候三维坐标和速度以及时间信息的天基无线电导航定位系统。卫星无线电导航走过了从低轨道卫星到中轨道卫星,从多普勒导航体制到伪距导航体制,从单一系统、单一体制向多系统、多体制兼容集成的发展历程。卫星导航系统已经成为世界各国信息基础设施建设的重要组成部分。人类利用太阳、月球和其他自然     

基于相位条纹的高精度GPS码相位测量方法

GPS接收机在测量卫星到接收机的传播距离时,通常能得到码相位和载波相位2个基本测量值。虽然载波相位测量值比码相位测量值精度高,但存在整周模糊度的问题,在实际应用中比采用码相位的技术付出的代价高很多。因此,基于相位条纹技术,提出了一种高精度的码相位测量方法。在传统码跟踪环的基础上,通过提取互功率谱相位条纹的频率,得到高精度的码相位测量值,从而组装出高精度的码伪距。仿真实验结果表明:在信噪比为-15 dB的情况下,码相位测量误差均方差约0.37 m,优于传统延迟锁定环在相同条件下约1.82 m的跟踪精度。得到了比传统码跟踪环更高的码相位测量精度的同时,不需要解算载波相位的整周模糊度,对提高GPS定位精度具有研究意义和应用价值。      

全球卫星导航系统兼容性评估方法研究

目前,卫星导航系统兼容性评估方法主要是计算机仿真验证,难以复制真正的导航系统运行条件,改变任何一个参数都需要重新进行仿真,计算量和分析量很大,并存在较大误差。文章以卫星导航接收机为落脚点研究导航信号的兼容性。首先,根据干扰信号对全球导航卫星系统接收机捕获、载波跟踪、数据解调等的影响,推导了即时相关器输出的信号功率对噪声功率加干扰功率之比的模型,建立了基于频谱隔离系数的等效载噪比模型,利用相对较简单的等式就获得了干扰的一级评估;其次,具体分析了GPS C/A码自干扰时导航信号到达地面的功率、天线增益,以及星座功率增益等参数;最后,给出GPS C/A码自干扰时等效载噪比衰减的测试结果,在信号捕获时,多普勒频移为kHz的整数倍C/A码自干扰对所需GPS C/A码的等效载噪比衰减程度最大,达到9.6dBHz。该方法可以为中国新一代卫星导航系统信号设计提供参考。     

Carrier-Doppler-based real-time two way satellite frequency transfer and its application in BeiDou system

Two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) method is valuable for precise time and frequency transfer. The frequency could be directly transferred by utilizing two-way carrier Doppler measurement. This method requires each station observing both its own and associated station’s transponder signals transferred by satellite. In BeiDou system (BDS), the reference station and the field station construct a two-way link via a GEO satellite, and the field station sends pseudorange and carrier phase information to the reference station by transmission signal, in order to achieve real time TWSTFT. This paper analyzes the theory of carrier Doppler based TWSTFT (called CD-TWSTFT), and validates it by using on line data of BDS. The results demonstrated that the performance of CD TWSTFT is much better than code based TWSTFT in short-term frequency transfer and almost same at long-term frequency transfer.     

基于地面基站的定位系统构建和方案

针对大型、复杂、多功能建筑,其内部信号环境恶劣,卫星导航的信号衰减较大,较难稳定捕获跟踪,建筑内多径效应严重,短多径对定位精度的影响较大,直接使用卫星导航信号进行定位难度大的问题,提出了一种基于地面基站的大区域（建筑群）室内定位方案。根据频率与信号穿透性能和空间衰减之间的关系,选择甚高频频段作为信号载波,采用码伪距和载波伪距联合定位的方式,可同时兼顾覆盖性和定位性能。利用所提出的新型定位方式,搭建了一个基本测试系统,通过信号的产生、发射、无线传播,进行了信号的捕获、跟踪和伪距求差解算,初步验证了本文方法的可行性及覆盖能力。      

Three frequency GNSS navigation prospect demonstrated with semi-simulated data

Three frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) signals will be fully accessible in the near future. It is theoretically well-understood that the GNSS navigation performance could be improved with introduction of the third frequency signals. However it remains unclear what numerical improvements can be achieved in the varying navigation scenarios. In this paper, we numerically demonstrate the superior navigation prospect of three frequency GNSS compared to dual-frequency case. Since the third frequency pseudorange is not fully accessible at current stage, a semi-simulation method is firstly introduced to generate the third frequency pseudorange based on the dual-frequency GPS pseudorange and phase measurements. Then the three frequency navigation precision, availability and reliability are examined, compared with their dual-frequency counterparts in varying simulated navigation scenarios. The results show that with three frequency GNSS signals the navigation precision can be improved by 10% in both horizontal and vertical components. More promisingly, the availability of navigation solutions is significantly improved (even by 50% for some scenarios) with higher reliability.     

一种高动态环境下卫星扩频信号的快速捕获方法研究

现代卫星导航及测控应用对接收机在高动态环境下实现测量通信提出了迫切需求。为了解决大多普勒频偏扩频信号的快速捕获问题,提出了一种在频域并行搜索码相位及多普勒频偏的双频域快速捕获方法。采用双块补零算法将长的相关积分操作分割为多个短的相关积分操作,然后采用快速傅里叶变换进行圆周相关,大大节约了处理时间,利用频域圆周移位与时域载波剥离等价的原理,大幅提高了频率搜索效率。与时域相关算法和单频域计算方法相比,在捕获灵敏度不变的条件下,该方法将计算量减少90%,显著提高了运算速度,适合高动态环境下扩频信号的快速捕获。该方案应用于星载接收机平台FPGA实现,测试结果表明该方案可以在0.1s内完成±500kHz频偏下扩频信号捕获。     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.     

导航信号IQ正交性测试软件设计与实现CSCD

针对通用的商用仪器不能适用现代导航信号IQ正交性的测试要求,开发一种基于Matlab GUI环境的导航信号IQ正交性测试软件。该软件通过网络接口控制高速数字示波器,对导航信号源的秒脉冲信号和导航信号进行双通道高速数据采样,根据秒脉冲信号确定导航信号起始点,截取导航信号数据,采用本地数字波形对导航信号进行匹配滤波和伪随机码同步等数字信号处理,精密估计I和Q支路载波初始相位,从而得到IQ正交性测试结果。软件具有界面友好,操作简单,显示直观等特点。仿真测试结果表明,在典型载噪比情况下,测试软件所得到的测试结果随机误差小于0.5°。     

北斗GEO卫星CEI相时延解算方法研究

连线端站干涉测量(connected element interferometry，CEI)是高精度测角技术，在中高轨卫星、月球及深空航天器定轨定位中有良好的应用前景。基于CEI技术特点，提出了一种新的测量方法，即在相干测距模式下利用测距音和载波信号作为信号源进行连线端站干涉测量。构建了CEI试验系统对北斗GEO卫星进行观测，利用相干测距模式下的下行信号解算群时延、相时延。利用北斗GEO卫星精密星历计算的时延理论值，对北斗GEO卫星CEI群时延和相时延结果进行评估。结果表明，相干测距模式下CEI群时延和相时延残差均值分别为0.47ns、0.08ns，标准差(3σ)分别4.2ns、0.13ns。该项研究验证了相干测距模式下CEI相时延解算的可行性，可为共位地球同步卫星精密相对定位、月球探测器CEI测量提供技术参考。     

中国全球卫星导航信号基本框架设计

中国的全球卫星导航信号设计必须遵循许多约束条件,具备国际可协调性,导航信号的服务类型、载波中心频率、调制方式和伪随机码序列均需参加与GPS、Galileo进行的频率协调。依据参加与GPS频率协调的参考假设文件,描述了中国的全球卫星导航信号结构、基本参数、公开导航信号的伪随机扩频码序列和二次编码序列,计算表明伪随机扩频序列的性能与GPS信号伪随机扩频序列性能相当。