基于CEI定轨中整周模糊度问题处理方法的研究

相位干涉测量是一种被动测角跟踪方法, 其中的中短基线相位干涉测量(CEI)具有测角精度高、基线短、布网灵活、实时性好等特点. 分析采用CEI对GEO卫星定轨时初始整周模糊度解算的可行性, 由于中继卫星的初始轨道精度较低, 对其定轨时必须首先解决模糊度问题. 主控站具有测距功能时, 利用精度较高的距离观测量来计算整周模糊度; 主控站没有测距功能时, 提出了固定模糊度参数的参数估计方法. 仿真计算表明, 系统误差小于1.0 m时该方法效果较好. 给出了该方法对星下点在中国上空一定经度带上的GEO卫星网的整体定轨能力, 当系统误差为0.1 m时, 110°E卫星的迹向精度达到25 m, 对于80°E, 140°E卫星, 迹向精度分别达82 m, 34 m.      

基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法

在转发式卫星测定轨系统中,基于伪码测距原理的星地距离测量是实现卫星精密定轨和高精度时间比对的基础。为获得高精度的星地距离,需要将地面站设备时延从伪码测距值中精确扣除。在转发式卫星测轨原理的基础上,提出了基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法,实现了对转发式地面站设备时延的标校,标校精度能够优于0.5ns,对提高转发式卫星定轨精度和卫星双向时间比对精度具有重要作用。     

高精度相位参考甚长基线干涉测量技术与试验验证

摘要：由于探测距离远,火星探测任务对干涉测量具有很强的精度需求。首先描述了相位参考甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)原理,介绍了弧段内干涉相时延解模糊方法,阐述了弧段之间相互参考解算干涉相时延流程,给出了测量误差分析,并利用中国佳木斯深空站、喀什深空站针对射电源对1633+38和1641+399开展了相位参考VLBI试验验证。结果表明,消除模糊度后,相位参考时延精度优于0.1ns。这为提高中国未来深空探测器角位置精度提供一种可行的技术途径。     

“嫦娥3号”月面探测器同波束干涉测量系统的设计与实现

为了提高"嫦娥3号"探测器(着陆器和巡视器)的相对定位精度,针对两器信标实际设置情况,设计了同波束干涉测量(same-beam interferometry,SBI)观测方案。利用着陆器和巡视器星地对接数据分析检验了由差分群时延解算含微小系统差的差分相时延的方法,给出了甚长基线干涉测量(very long baseline interferometry,VLBI)和同波束干涉测量模型及月面定位方法,并仿真分析了巡视器的相对定位精度。最终,把研究的方法实际应用于"嫦娥3号"巡视器的精密相对定位。结果表明,利用1h左右的连续观测弧段的着陆器数传信号以及巡视器数传信号(或遥测信号),采用事后处理方式,得到了随机误差约1ps的差分相时延数据。利用此数据,把"嫦娥3号"探测器的相对定位精度提高至1m左右。     

基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法

在转发式卫星测定轨系统中,基于伪码测距原理的星地距离测量是实现卫星精密定轨和高精度时间比对的基础。为获得高精度的星地距离,需要将地面站设备时延从伪码测距值中精确扣除。在转发式卫星测轨原理的基础上,提出了基于移动站的转发式地面站设备时延标校方法,实现了对转发式地面站设备时延的标校,标校精度能够优于0.5ns,对提高转发式卫星定轨精度和卫星双向时间比对精度具有重要作用。     

卫星与测站钟差支持条件下的GEO卫星精密定轨

在基于伪距的GEO卫星精密定轨中, GEO卫星的静地特性导致定轨解算无法对星地组合钟差进行有效估计, 需要独立的时间同步支持. 本文讨论了卫星和测站钟差支持条件下的GEO卫星定轨原理, 利用仿真数据系统地分析了中国区域网跟踪条件下GEO卫星的定轨精度, 从定性和定量角度分析了钟差二次项、星地时间同步精度、站间时间同步精度及系统差等因素对定轨精度的影响.      

北斗卫星导航系统实时定轨与钟差处理策略

目前鲜有对北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,BDS）实时精密定轨与钟差确定的研究,文章提出了BDS实时轨道与实时钟差处理策略,包括了观测与动力学模型、实时轨道与实时钟差处理流程与评估方法。尤其对于实时钟差,为了提高计算效率,联合使用两个独立并行的线程估计非差绝对钟差和历元间相对钟差。利用多模全球卫星导航系统试验(MGEX)与全球连续检测评估系统（iGMAS）实测数据进行了北斗实时轨道与钟差解算,BDS实时轨道径向平均精度对于GEO卫星优于20cm,对于IGSO与MEO一般优于10cm;钟差精度对于GEO卫星为0.5~4.5ns,对于IGSO／MEO为0.2~2.0ns。基于目前的轨道与钟差结果,实时精密单点定位（PrecisePointPositioning,PPP）结果可以达到分米量级。     

基于机动力模型的GEO卫星恢复期间定轨

北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)中GEO卫星频繁的轨道机动对高精度、实时不间断的导 航服务需求提出了更高要求, 如何在短弧跟踪条件下提高GEO卫星轨道快速 恢复能力, 是提升导航系统服务精度的关键因素. 针对该问题, 本文提出了基 于机动力模型的动力学定轨方法, 尝试利用高精度的C波段转发式测距数据, 辅 以机动期间的遥测遥控信息建立机动力模型, 联合轨控前后的观测数据进行动 力学长弧定轨. 利用BDS中GEO卫星实测数据进行了定轨试验与分析, 结果表明, 恢复期间需要采用解算机动推力的定轨方法, 联合机动前、机动期间和机 动后4h数据定轨的轨道位置精度在20m量级, 径向精度优于2.5m. 该方 法克服了短弧跟踪条件下动力学法定轨和单点定位中的诸多问题, 提供了解决 GEO卫星机动后轨道快速恢复问题的技术方法.      

面向绕月交会对接的同波束VLBI研究

针对"嫦娥5号"(CE-5)探测器间高精度相对测量需求,设计了我国深空干涉测量处理中心框架下的同波束VLBI处理算法,分析了X波段同波束VLBI相位解模糊条件和结果;通过引入群时延辅助的相位干涉技术,大幅抑制了干涉时延随机误差,为同波束VLBI中相位解模糊提供了先验条件;利用CE-5对接实测数据验证了本文工作的有效性,为CE-5任务同波束VLBI的实施奠定了基础。     

月球卫星的精密定轨

发射月球卫星是探测月球的一个重要途径,而且为了找水,多采用极轨方式.由于作为中心天体的月球与地球有所不同,导致月球卫星的运动及其相应的轨道摄动解亦有明显差异.在这种背景下,本文选择采用一组适用于0≤e<1和0°≤i<180°的无奇点根数、充分利用数值法和分析法各自特点的定轨方法,给出月球卫星的精密定轨方案,并以测距的模拟资料进行了实算,计算结果与理论分析相符,有实用前景.     

“龙江2号”月球轨道微卫星定轨分析

微纳卫星深空探测任务中,通常所分配的测控资源有限,因此有必要对有限测控资源条件下微纳卫星的定轨精度进行分析。以微纳卫星深空探测为背景,采用"龙江2号"微卫星的轨道测量数据对其定轨精度进行了分析。"龙江2号"微卫星只有USB轨道测量数据,且环月段测控资源相对紧张,每天有两站跟踪,共约3～4 h的轨道测量数据。首先介绍了"龙江2号"微卫星飞行任务及其飞行过程中影响测定轨的因素;其次给出了定轨的动力学模型,对微卫星地月转移段的定轨精度进行了分析;最后通过分析摄动力、动量轮卸载以及数据弧段长度的影响,给出了微卫星环月阶段所使用的定轨策略,并通过重叠弧段比较的模式,给出了微卫星环月段的定轨精度。研究结论可以为后续微纳卫星深空探测任务提供有益参考。     

基于北斗GEO卫星双频观测值连续监测电离层延迟

利用北斗GEO卫星观测数据直接计算电离层延迟。由于GEO卫星具有固定穿刺点和静地的特性,使得观测站监测电离层变化时可不考虑空间变化,并可进行连续不间断监测。通过分析北斗GEO卫星三种频率码伪距和载波相位观测值不同组合,选取B1&B2双频计算电离层延迟为最优组合,采用相位平滑伪距的方法计算电离层延迟TEC,相较其他电离层模型,该方法的优点是不会引入模型误差,可得到连续的高精度的电离层延迟监测结果。     

Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous satellite navigation is based on the ability of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as Beidou, to estimate orbits and clock parameters onboard satellites using Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements instead of tracking data from a ground monitoring network. This paper focuses on the time synchronization of new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites equipped with an ISL payload. Two modes of Ka-band ISL measurements, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode and the continuous link mode, were used onboard these BDS satellites. Using a mathematical formulation for each measurement mode along with a derivation of the satellite clock offsets, geometric ranges from the dual one-way measurements were introduced. Then, pseudoranges and clock offsets were evaluated for the new-generation BDS satellites. The evaluation shows that the ranging accuracies of TDMA ISL and the continuous link are approximately 4?cm and 1?cm (root mean square, RMS), respectively. Both lead to ISL clock offset residuals of less than 0.3?ns (RMS). For further validation, time synchronization between these satellites to a ground control station keeping the systematic time in BDT was conducted using L-band Two-way Satellite Time Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT). System errors in the ISL measurements were calibrated by comparing the derived clock offsets with the TWSTFT. The standard deviations of the estimated ISL system errors are less than 0.3?ns, and the calibrated ISL clock parameters are consistent with that of the L-band TWSTFT. For the regional BDS network, the addition of ISL measurements for medium orbit (MEO) BDS satellites increased the clock tracking coverage by more than 40% for each orbital revolution. As a result, the clock predicting error for the satellite M1S was improved from 3.59 to 0.86?ns (RMS), and the predicting error of the satellite M2S was improved from 1.94 to 0.57?ns (RMS), which is a significant improvement by a factor of 3–4.     

基于视线测量和轨道预报高轨非合作目标相对导航方法

对于非合作目标,由于中远距离星上相对测量手段有限,大多情况仅能获得视线角信息.仅视线测量相对导航方法在GEO轨道条件下滤波精度低、可观测性差.提出一种基于星间视线方位测量和轨道预报信息结合的非合作目标相对导航方法.建立基于星间相对运动模型的状态方程和基于星间视线测量和轨道预报信息的观测方程,分别选取了扩展卡尔曼滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波两种方法,仿真分析了轨道预报信息精度和滤波方法对导航精度的影响.     

中国月球探测任务轨道确定技术及发展综述

月球探测器的轨道确定是完成月球探测任务的基础,在我国月球探测任务的引领下,在我国深空测控体系发展的同时,轨道确定技术也得到了快速的进步。从时空参考框架和动力学模型两个方面介绍了我国月球探测任务轨道确定技术的发展过程,基于时空参考框架的优化及动力学模型的改进,我国月球探测器的轨道确定能力及精度也不断提升,这对于当前及后续的月球探测任务都有很好的借鉴意义。     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

Instantaneous BeiDou–GPS attitude determination: A performance analysis

The advent of modernized and new global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has enhanced the availability of satellite based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solutions. Specifically, it increases redundancy and yields operational back-up or independence in case of failure or unavailability of one system. Among existing GNSS, the Chinese BeiDou system (BDS) is being developed and will consist of geostationary (GEO) satellites, inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, and medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites. In this contribution, a BeiDou–GPS robustness analysis is carried out for instantaneous, unaided attitude determination.     

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.